SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 68
Baixar para ler offline
8. CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
                                                         AGAINST WOMEN

                                                         New York, 18 December 19791
  .




  ENTRY INTO FORCE:              3 September 1981, in accordance with article 27(1).
  REGISTRATION:                  3 September 1981, No. 20378.
  STATUS:                        Signatories: 99. Parties: 187.
  TEXT:                          United Nations, Treaty Series , vol. 1249, p. 13.
    Note: The Convention was opened for signature at the United Nations Headquarters on 1 March 1980.

  .




                                                    Ratification,                                                             Ratification,
                                                    Accession(a),                                                             Accession(a),
Participant                     Signature           Succession(d)       Participant                      Signature            Succession(d)
Afghanistan ................... 14 Aug       1980    5 Mar   2003           Republic ..................
Albania ..........................                  11 May   1994 a     Chad ..............................                    9 Jun   1995 a
Algeria2 .........................                  22 May   1996 a     Chile .............................. 17 Jul   1980     7 Dec   1989
Andorra .........................                   15 Jan   1997 a     China13,14 ....................... 17 Jul     1980     4 Nov   1980
Angola ...........................                  17 Sep   1986 a     Colombia....................... 17 Jul        1980    19 Jan   1982
Antigua and Barbuda ....                             1 Aug   1989 a     Comoros ........................                      31 Oct   1994 a
Argentina....................... 17 Jul      1980   15 Jul   1985       Congo ............................ 29 Jul     1980    26 Jul   1982
Armenia.........................                    13 Sep   1993 a     Cook Islands15 ...............                        11 Aug   2006 a
Australia3....................... 17 Jul     1980   28 Jul   1983       Costa Rica ..................... 17 Jul       1980     4 Apr   1986
Austria4 ......................... 17 Jul    1980   31 Mar   1982       Côte d'Ivoire.................. 17 Jul        1980    18 Dec   1995
Azerbaijan .....................                    10 Jul   1995 a     Croatia7 .........................                     9 Sep   1992 d
Bahamas ........................                     6 Oct   1993 a     Cuba .............................. 6 Mar     1980    17 Jul   1980
Bahrain ..........................                  18 Jun   2002 a     Cyprus16 ........................                     23 Jul   1985 a
Bangladesh5...................                       6 Nov   1984 a     Czech Republic17 ..........                           22 Feb   1993 d
Barbados ....................... 24 Jul      1980   16 Oct   1980       Democratic People's
Belarus .......................... 17 Jul    1980    4 Feb   1981           Republic of Korea18.                              27 Feb   2001 a
Belgium6 ....................... 17 Jul      1980   10 Jul   1985       Democratic Republic of
                                                                            the Congo ................ 17 Jul         1980   17 Oct    1986
Belize ............................ 7 Mar    1990   16 May   1990
                                                                        Denmark19 ..................... 17 Jul        1980   21 Apr    1983
Benin ............................. 11 Nov   1981   12 Mar   1992
                                                                        Djibouti .........................                    2 Dec    1998 a
Bhutan ........................... 17 Jul    1980   31 Aug   1981
                                                                        Dominica....................... 15 Sep        1980   15 Sep    1980
Bolivia (Plurinational
   State of) ................... 30 May      1980    8 Jun   1990       Dominican Republic ..... 17 Jul               1980    2 Sep    1982
Bosnia and                                                              Ecuador ......................... 17 Jul      1980    9 Nov    1981
   Herzegovina7 ...........                          1 Sep   1993 d     Egypt20 .......................... 16 Jul     1980   18 Sep    1981
Botswana .......................                    13 Aug   1996 a     El Salvador.................... 14 Nov        1980   19 Aug    1981
Brazil8 ........................... 31 Mar   1981    1 Feb   1984       Equatorial Guinea .........                          23 Oct    1984 a
Brunei Darussalam ........                          24 May   2006 a     Eritrea ...........................                   5 Sep    1995 a
Bulgaria9 ....................... 17 Jul     1980    8 Feb   1982       Estonia ..........................                   21 Oct    1991 a
Burkina Faso .................                      14 Oct   1987 a     Ethiopia ......................... 8 Jul      1980   10 Sep    1981
Burundi ......................... 17 Jul     1980    8 Jan   1992       Fiji21 ..............................                28 Aug    1995 a
Cambodia10,11 ................ 17 Oct        1980   15 Oct   1992 a     Finland .......................... 17 Jul     1980    4 Sep    1986
Cameroon ...................... 6 Jun        1983   23 Aug   1994       France22 ......................... 17 Jul     1980   14 Dec    1983
Canada12 ........................ 17 Jul     1980   10 Dec   1981       Gabon ............................ 17 Jul     1980   21 Jan    1983
Cape Verde....................                       5 Dec   1980 a     Gambia .......................... 29 Jul      1980   16 Apr    1993
Central African                                     21 Jun   1991 a     Georgia .........................                    26 Oct    1994 a

                                                                                                                        IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS    1
Ratification,                                                           Ratification,
                                                      Accession(a),                                                           Accession(a),
Participant                       Signature           Succession(d)     Participant                     Signature             Succession(d)
Germany23,24,25............... 17 Jul          1980   10 Jul   1985     Mauritius40 ....................                       9 Jul 1984 a
Ghana ............................ 17 Jul      1980    2 Jan   1986     Mexico .......................... 17 Jul      1980    23 Mar 1981
Greece ........................... 2 Mar       1982    7 Jun   1983     Micronesia (Federated
Grenada ......................... 17 Jul       1980   30 Aug   1990        States of) .................                       1 Sep    2004 a
Guatemala ..................... 8 Jun          1981   12 Aug   1982     Monaco .........................                     18 Mar    2005 a
Guinea26 ........................ 17 Jul       1980    9 Aug   1982     Mongolia41 .................... 17 Jul        1980   20 Jul    1981
Guinea-Bissau ............... 17 Jul           1980   23 Aug   1985     Montenegro42 ................                        23 Oct    2006 d
Guyana .......................... 17 Jul       1980   17 Jul   1980     Morocco ........................                     21 Jun    1993 a
Haiti .............................. 17 Jul    1980   20 Jul   1981     Mozambique .................                         21 Apr    1997 a
Honduras ....................... 11 Jun        1980    3 Mar   1983     Myanmar .......................                      22 Jul    1997 a
Hungary27 ...................... 6 Jun         1980   22 Dec   1980     Namibia.........................                     23 Nov    1992 a
Iceland ........................... 24 Jul     1980   18 Jun   1985     Nauru ............................                   23 Jun    2011 a
India .............................. 30 Jul    1980    9 Jul   1993     Nepal ............................. 5 Feb     1991   22 Apr    1991
Indonesia ....................... 29 Jul       1980   13 Sep   1984     Netherlands43 ................ 17 Jul         1980   23 Jul    1991
Iraq ................................                 13 Aug   1986 a   New Zealand44,45,46,47,48.. 17 Jul            1980   10 Jan    1985
Ireland28.........................                    23 Dec   1985 a   Nicaragua ...................... 17 Jul       1980   27 Oct    1981
Israel29 ........................... 17 Jul    1980    3 Oct   1991     Niger49...........................                    8 Oct    1999 a
Italy ............................... 17 Jul   1980   10 Jun   1985     Nigeria .......................... 23 Apr     1984   13 Jun    1985
Jamaica30 ....................... 17 Jul       1980   19 Oct   1984     Norway ......................... 17 Jul       1980   21 May    1981
Japan ............................. 17 Jul     1980   25 Jun   1985     Oman.............................                     7 Feb    2006 a
Jordan ............................ 3 Dec      1980    1 Jul   1992     Pakistan .........................                   12 Mar    1996 a
Kazakhstan ....................                       26 Aug   1998 a   Palau ............................. 20 Sep    2011
Kenya ............................                     9 Mar   1984 a   Panama .......................... 26 Jun      1980   29 Oct    1981
Kiribati ..........................                   17 Mar   2004 a   Papua New Guinea........                             12 Jan    1995 a
Kuwait31 ........................                      2 Sep   1994 a   Paraguay .......................                      6 Apr    1987 a
Kyrgyzstan ....................                       10 Feb   1997 a   Peru ............................... 23 Jul   1981   13 Sep    1982
Lao People's                                                            Philippines .................... 15 Jul       1980    5 Aug    1981
    Democratic                                                          Poland50......................... 29 May      1980   30 Jul    1980
    Republic .................. 17 Jul         1980   14 Aug   1981     Portugal13,51 ................... 24 Apr      1980   30 Jul    1980
Latvia ............................                   14 Apr   1992 a   Qatar .............................                  29 Apr    2009 a
Lebanon.........................                      16 Apr   1997 a   Republic of Korea52 ...... 25 May             1983   27 Dec    1984
Lesotho32 ....................... 17 Jul       1980   22 Aug   1995     Republic of Moldova ....                              1 Jul    1994 a
Liberia ...........................                   17 Jul   1984 a   Romania53 ..................... 4 Sep         1980    7 Jan    1982
Libya33...........................                    16 May   1989 a   Russian Federation54 ..... 17 Jul             1980   23 Jan    1981
Liechtenstein34 ..............                        22 Dec   1995 a   Rwanda ......................... 1 May        1980    2 Mar    1981
Lithuania .......................                     18 Jan   1994 a   Samoa ...........................                    25 Sep    1992 a
Luxembourg .................. 17 Jul           1980    2 Feb   1989     San Marino .................... 26 Sep        2003   10 Dec    2003
Madagascar ................... 17 Jul          1980   17 Mar   1989     Sao Tome and Principe . 31 Oct                1995    3 Jun    2003
Malawi35 ........................                     12 Mar   1987 a   Saudi Arabia ................. 7 Sep          2000    7 Sep    2000
Malaysia36 .....................                       5 Jul   1995 a   Senegal .......................... 29 Jul     1980    5 Feb    1985
Maldives37,38 ..................                       1 Jul   1993 a   Serbia7 ...........................                  12 Mar    2001 d
Mali ............................... 5 Feb     1985   10 Sep   1985     Seychelles .....................                      5 May    1992 a
Malta .............................                    8 Mar   1991 a   Sierra Leone .................. 21 Sep        1988   11 Nov    1988
Marshall Islands ............                          2 Mar   2006 a   Singapore55....................                       5 Oct    1995 a
Mauritania39 ..................                       10 May   2001 a

                                                                                                                        IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS    2
Ratification,                                                        Ratification,
                                                    Accession(a),                                                        Accession(a),
Participant                     Signature           Succession(d)     Participant                   Signature            Succession(d)
Slovakia17 ......................                   28 May   1993 d   Turkey ...........................                 20 Dec   1985 a
Slovenia7 .......................                    6 Jul   1992 d   Turkmenistan ................                       1 May   1997 a
Solomon Islands ............                         6 May   2002 a   Tuvalu ...........................                  6 Oct   1999 a
South Africa .................. 29 Jan       1993   15 Dec   1995     Uganda .......................... 30 Jul   1980    22 Jul   1985
Spain ............................. 17 Jul   1980    5 Jan   1984     Ukraine ......................... 17 Jul   1980    12 Mar   1981
Sri Lanka ....................... 17 Jul     1980    5 Oct   1981     United Arab Emirates60 .                            6 Oct   2004 a
St. Kitts and Nevis ........                        25 Apr   1985 a   United Kingdom of
St. Lucia ........................                   8 Oct   1982 a      Great Britain and
                                                                         Northern
St. Vincent and the
                                                                         Ireland14,61,62,63 ......... 22 Jul     1981     7 Apr   1986
    Grenadines...............                        4 Aug   1981 a
                                                                      United Republic of
Suriname .......................                     1 Mar   1993 a
                                                                         Tanzania .................. 17 Jul      1980    20 Aug 1985
Swaziland ......................                    26 Mar   2004 a
                                                                      United States of
Sweden56,57 .................... 7 Mar       1980    2 Jul   1980        America ................... 17 Jul      1980
Switzerland58 ................. 23 Jan       1987   27 Mar   1997     Uruguay ........................ 30 Mar    1981     9 Oct   1981
Syrian Arab Republic ....                           28 Mar   2003 a   Uzbekistan ....................                    19 Jul   1995 a
Tajikistan.......................                   26 Oct   1993 a   Vanuatu .........................                   8 Sep   1995 a
Thailand59 ......................                    9 Aug   1985 a   Venezuela (Bolivarian
The former Yugoslav                                                      Republic of)............. 17 Jul        1980    2 May    1983
    Republic of                                                       Viet Nam ....................... 29 Jul    1980   17 Feb    1982
    Macedonia7 ..............                       18 Jan   1994 d
                                                                      Yemen64 ........................                  30 May    1984 a
Timor-Leste...................                      16 Apr   2003 a
                                                                      Zambia .......................... 17 Jul   1980   21 Jun    1985
Togo ..............................                 26 Sep   1983 a
                                                                      Zimbabwe .....................                    13 May    1991 a
Trinidad and Tobago ..... 27 Jun             1985   12 Jan   1990
Tunisia .......................... 24 Jul    1980   20 Sep   1985


                                                   Declarations and Reservations
                              (Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made
                                            upon ratification, accession or succession.)

                                 ALGERIA65                              paragraph 1, which states that any dispute between two or
                                                                        more Parties concerning the interpretation or application
  Reservations:                                                         of the Convention which is not settled by negotiation
      Article 2:                                                        shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to
      The Government of the People's Democratic Republic                arbitration or to the International Court of Justice.
  of Algeria declares that it is prepared to apply the                     The Government of the People's Democratic Republic
  provisions of this article on condition that they do not              of Algeria holds that no such dispute can be submitted to
  conflict with the provisions of the Algerian Family Code.             arbitration or to the Court of International Justice except
      ...                                                               with the consent of all the parties to the dispute.
      Article 15, paragraph 4:                                                                   ARGENTINA
      The Government of the People's Democratic Republic
  of Algeria declares that the provisions of article 15,                Reservation:
  paragraph 4, concerning the right of women to choose                     The Government of Argentina declares that it does not
  their residence and domicile should not be interpreted in             consider itself bound by article 29, paragraph 1, of the
  such a manner as to contradict the provisions of chapter 4            Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
  (art. 37) of the Algerian Family Code.                                Discrimination against Women.
      Article 16:
      The Government of the People's Democratic Republic                                            AUSTRALIA3
  of Algeria declares that the provisions of article 16
  concerning equal rights for men and women in all matters              Reservations:
  relating to marriage, both during marriage and at its                    "The Government of Australia states that maternity
  dissolution, should not contradict the provisions of the              leave with pay is provided in respect of most women
  Algerian Family Code.                                                 employed by the Commonwealth Government and the
      Article 29:                                                       Governments of New South Wales and Victoria. Unpaid
      The Government of the People's Democratic Republic                maternity leave is provided in respect of all other women
  of Algeria does not consider itself bound by article 29,
                                                                                                                   IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS    3
employed in the State of New South Wales and elsewhere              "... Brazil does not consider itself bound by article 29,
to women employed under Federal and some State                   paragraph 1, of the above-mentioned Convention."
industrial awards. Social Security benefits subject to
income tests are available to women who are sole parents.                          BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
    "The Government of Australia advises that it is not at
present in a position to take the measures required by           Reservations:
article 11 (2) to introduce maternity leave with pay or              "The Government of Brunei Darussalam expresses its
with comparable social benefits throughout Australia.            reservations regarding those provisions of the said
    .....                                                        Convention that may be contrary to the Constitution of
Declaration:                                                     Brunei Darussalam and to the beliefs and principles of
    "Australia has a Federal Constitutional System in            Islam, the official religion of Brunei Darussalam and,
which Legislative, Executive and Judicial Powers are             without prejudice to the generality of the said
shared or distributed between the Commonwealth and the           reservations, expresses its reservations regarding
Constituent States. The implementation of the Treaty             paragraph 2 of Article 9 and paragraph 1 of Article 29 of
throughout Australia will be effected by the                     the Convention."
Commonwealth State and Territory Authorities having
regard to their respective constitutional powers and                                    BULGARIA9
arrangements concerning their exercise."
                                         30 August 2000                                  CANADA12
Reservation:                                                                               CHILE
    The Government of Australia advises that it does not
accept the application of the Convention in so far as it         Upon signature:
would require alteration of Defence Force policy which               Declaration:
excludes women from combat duties.”                                  The Government of Chile has signed this Convention
                                                                 on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
                         AUSTRIA4                                Against Women, mindful of the important step which this
                                                                 document represents, not only in terms of the elimination
Reservation:                                                     of all forms of discrimination against women, but also in
    “Austria reserves its right to apply the provision of        terms of their full and permanent integration into society
Article 11, as far as special protection of working women        in conditions of equality.
is concerned within the limits established by national               The Government is obliged to state, however, that
legislation."                                                    some of the provisions of the Convention are not entirely
                                                                 compatible with current Chilean legislation.
                                                                     At the same time, it reports the establishment of a
                        BAHAMAS66                                Commission for the Study and Reform of the Civil Code,
Reservations:                                                    which now has before it various proposals to amend,
    “The Government of the Commonwealth of the                   inter alia , those provisions which are not fully consistent
Bahamas does not consider itself bound by the provisions         with the terms of the Convention.
of article 2 (a) of the Convention.                                                         CHINA
    The Government of the Commonwealth of the
Bahamas does not consider itself bound by the provisions         Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon
of article 9, paragraph 2, of the Convention.                    ratification:
    The Government of the Commonwealth of the                        The People's Republic of China does not consider
Bahamas does not consider itself bound by the provisions         itself bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the
of article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention.”                  Convention.
                          BAHRAIN
Reservations:                                                                         COOK ISLANDS15
   ... the Kingdom of Bahrain makes reservations with                                      CUBA
respect to the following provisions of the Convention:
   -      Article 2, in order to ensure its implementation       Reservation:
within the bounds of the provisions of the Islamic                  The Government of the Republic of Cuba makes a
Shariah;                                                         specific reservation concerning the provisions of article
   -      Article 9, paragraph 2;                                29 of the Convention inasmuch as it holds that any
   -      Article 15, paragraph 4;                               disputes that may arise between States Parties should be
   -      Article 16, in so far as it is incompatible with the   resolved through direct negotiations through the
provisions of the Islamic Shariah;                               diplomatic channel.
   -      Article 29, paragraph 1.
                       BANGLADESH5                                                       CYPRUS16
   "The Government of the People's Republic of                                      CZECH REPUBLIC17
Bangladesh does not consider as binding upon itself the
provisions of article 2, [... and ...] 16 (1) (c) as they            DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA18
conflict with Sharia law based on Holy Quran and                 Reservations:
Sunna."
                                                                     “The Government of the Democratic People’s
                                                                 Republic of Korea does not consider itself bound by the
                        BELARUS54                                provisions of paragraph (f) of article 2, paragraph 2 of
                                                                 article 9 and paragraph 1 of article 29 of [the
                         BELGIUM6                                Convention].”
                          BRAZIL8
Reservation made upon signature and confirmed
upon ratification:

                                                                                                     IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS    4
EGYPT20                                preambular paragraph contains debatable elements which
                                                                are definitely out of place in this text.
Reservations made upon signature and confirmed upon                 The Government of the French Republic declares that
ratification:                                                   the term "family education" in article 5 (b) of the
    [.....]                                                     Convention must be interpreted as meaning public
    In respect of article 16                                    education concerning the family and that, in any event,
    Reservation to the text of article 16 concerning the        article 5 will be applied subject to respect for article 17 of
equality of men and women in all matters relating to            the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
marriage and family relations during the marriage and           and article 8 of the European Convention for the
upon its dissolution, without prejudice to the Islamic          Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Sharia's provisions whereby women are accorded rights               The Government of the French Republic declares that
equivalent to those of their spouses so as to ensure a just     no provision of the Convention must be interpreted as
balance between them. This is out of respect for the            prevailing over provisions of French legislation which are
sacrosanct nature of the firm religious beliefs which           more favourable to women than to men.
govern marital relations in Egypt and which may not be              Reservations:
called in question and in view of the fact that one of the          .....
most important bases of these relations is an equivalency           Article 14
of rights and duties so as to ensure complementary which            1. The Government of the French Republic declares
guarantees true equality between the spouses. The               that article 14, paragraph 2 (c), should be interpreted as
provisions of the Sharia lay down that the husband shall        guaranteeing that women who fulfil the conditions
pay bridal money to the wife and maintain her fully and         relating to family or employment required by French
shall also make a payment to her upon divorce, whereas          legislation for personal participation shall acquire their
the wife retains full rights over her property and is not       own rights within the framework of social security.
obliged to spend anything on her keep. The Sharia                   2. The Government of the French Republic declares
therefore restricts the wife's rights to divorce by making it   that article 14, paragraph 2 (h), of the Convention should
contingent on a judge's ruling, whereas no such restriction     not be interpreted as implying the actual provision, free of
is laid down in the case of the husband.                        charge, of the services mentioned in that paragraph.
    In respect of article 29                                        Article 16 1 (g)
    The Egyptian delegation also maintains the reservation          The Government of the French Republic enters a
contained in article 29, paragraph 2, concerning the right      reservation concerning the right to choose a family name
of a State signatory to the Convention to declare that it       mentioned in article 16, paragraph 1 (g), of the
does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of that           Convention.
article concerning the submission to an arbitral body of            Article 29
any dispute which may arise between States concerning               The Government of the French Republic declares, in
the interpretation or application of the Convention. This is    pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2, of the Convention,
in order to avoid being bound by the system ofarbitration       that it will not be bound by the provisions of article 29,
in this field.                                                  paragraph 1.
Reservation made upon ratification:                                                    GERMANY23,24
    General reservation on article 2
    The Arab Republic of Egypt is willing to comply with        Declaration:
the content of this article, provided that such compliance          The right of peoples to self-determination, as
does not run counter to the Islamic Sharia.                     enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and in the
                                                                International Covenants of 19 December 1966, applies to
                        EL SALVADOR                             all peoples and not only to those living 'under alien and
Upon signature:                                                 colonial domination and foreign occupation'. All peoples
    Upon ratification of the Convention, the Government         thus have the inalienable right freely to determine their
of El Salvador will make the reservation provided for in        political status and freely to pursue their economic, social
article 29.                                                     and cultural development. The Federal Republic of
                                                                Germany would be unable to recognize as legally valid an
Upon ratification:                                              interpretation of the right to self-determination which
    Reservation:                                                contradicts the unequivocal wording of the Charter of the
    With reservation as to the application of the provision     United Nations and of the two International Covenants of
of article 29, paragraph 1.                                     19 December 1966 on Civil and Political Rights and on
                         ETHIOPIA                               Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It will interpret the
                                                                11th paragraph of the Preamble accordingly.
Reservation:
   Socialist Ethiopia does not consider itself bound by                                 HUNGARY27
paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention.
                                                                                           INDIA
                                  21
                           FIJI                                 Declarations and reservations made upon signature and
                         FRANCE22                               confirmed upon ratification:
                                                                    Declarations:
Upon signature:                                                     "i) With regard to articles 5 (a) and 16 (1) of the
    The Government of the French Republic declares that         Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
article 9 of the Convention must not be interpreted as          Discrimination Against Women, the Government of the
precluding the application of the second paragraph of           Republic of India declares that it shall abide by and
article 96 of the code of French nationality.                   ensure these provisions in conformity with its policy of
     [All other declarations and reservations were              non-interference in the personal affairs of any Community
confirmed in substance upon ratification.]                      without its initiative and consent.
Upon ratification:                                                  "ii) With regard to article 16 (2) of the Convention
    Declarations:                                               on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
    The Government of the French Republic declares that         Against Women, the Government of the Republic of India
the preamble to the Convention in particular the eleventh       declares that though in principle it fully supports the
                                                                principle of compulsory registration of marriages, it is not

                                                                                                     IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS     5
practical in a vast country like India with its variety of     the extent that the laws on personal status which are
customs, religions and level of literacy."                     binding on the various religious communities in Israel do
    Reservation:                                               not conform with the provisions of that article."
    "With regard to article 29 of the Convention on the        Declaration:
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against                 "3. In accordance with paragraph 2 of article 29 of
Women, the Government of the Republic of India                 the Convention, the State of Israel hereby declares that it
declares that it does not consider itself bound by             does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of that
paragraph 1 of this article."                                  article."
                          INDONESIA
    "The Government of the Republic of Indonesia does                                    ITALY
not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29,     Upon signature:
paragraph 1 of this Convention and takes the position that         Reservation:
any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of       Italy reserves the right to exercise, when depositing
the Convention may only be submitted to arbitration or to      the instrument of ratification, the option provided for in
the International Court of Justice with the agreement of       article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of
all the parties to the dispute."                               Treaties of 23 May 1969.
                          IRAQ29                                                      JAMAICA30
Reservations:                                                     The Government of Jamaica declares that it does not
    1.              Approval of and accession to this          consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29,
Convention shall not mean that the Republic of Iraq is         paragraph 1, of the Convention."
bound by the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (f) and
(g), of article 9, paragraphs 1 and 2, nor of article 16 of
the Convention. The reservation to this last-mentioned                                 JORDAN67
article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of the    Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon
Islamic Shariah according women rights equivalent to
the rights of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance     ratification:
between them. Iraq also enters a reservation to article 29,        Jordan does not consider itself bound by the following
paragraph 1, of this Convention with regard to the             provisions:
principle of international arbitration in connection with          1. Article 9, paragraph 2;
the interpretation or application of this Convention.              2. ...
    2.              This approval in no way implies                3. Article 16, paragraph (1) (c), relating to the
recognition of or entry into any relations with Israel.        rights arising upon the dissolution of marriage with regard
                                                               to maintenance and compensation;
                                                                   4. Article 16, paragraph (1) (d) and (g).
                        IRELAND28
                                                                                       KUWAIT31,68
Reservations:
    ....                                                       Reservations:
Articles 16, 1 (d) and (f)                                         ...
    Ireland is of the view that the attainment in Ireland of   2. Article 9, paragraph 2
the objectives of the Convention does not necessitate the          The Government of Kuwait reserves its right not to
extension to men of rights identical to those accorded by      implement the provision contained in article 9, paragraph
law to women in respect of the guardianship, adoption          2, of the Convention, inasmuch as it runs counter to the
and custody of children born out of wedlock and reserves       Kuwaiti Nationality Act, which stipulates that a child's
the right to implement the Convention subject to that          nationality shall be determined by that of his father.
understanding.                                                 3. Article 16 (f)
Articles 11 (1) and 13 (a)                                         The Government of the State of Kuwait declares that it
    Ireland reserves the right to regard the Anti-             does not consider itself bound by the provision contained
Discrimination (Pay) Act, 1974 and the Employment              in article 16 (f) inasmuch as it conflicts with the
Equality Act 1977 and other measures taken in                  provisions of the Islamic Shariah , Islam being the
implementation of the European Economic Community              official religion of the State.
standards concerning employment opportunities and pay              4. The Government of Kuwait declares that it is not
as sufficient implementation of articles 11,1 (b), (c) and     bound by the provision contained in article 29, paragraph
(d).                                                           1.
    Ireland reserves the right for the time being to
maintain provisions of Irish legislation in the area of                               LEBANON19
social security which are more favourable to women than
men.                                                           Reservations:
                                                                  The Government of the Lebanese Republic enters
                          ISRAEL                               reservations regarding article 9 (2), and article 16 (1) (c)
                                                               (d) (f) and (g) (regarding the right to choose a family
Reservations:                                                  name).
    "1. The State of Israel hereby expresses its                  In accordance with paragraph 2 of article 29, the
reservation with regard to article 7 (b) of the Convention     Government of the Lebanese Republic declares that it
concerning the appointment of women to serve as judges         does not consider itself bound by the provisions of
of religious courts where this is prohibited by the laws of    paragraph 1 of that article.
any of the religious communities in Israel. Otherwise, the
said article is fully implemented in Israel, in view of the                          LESOTHO31,32
fact that women take a prominent part in all aspect of
public life.                                                   Reservation:
    "2. The State of Israel hereby expresses its                  "The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho declares
reservation with regard to article 16 of the Convention, to    that it does not consider itself bound by article 2 to the

                                                                                                   IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS    6
extent that it conflicts with Lesotho's constitutional          circumstances, the income of a married woman to be the
stipulations relative to succession to the throne of the        income of her husband and taxable as such.
Kingdom of Lesotho and law relating to succession to                (ii) The Government of Malta reserves the right to
chieftainship.”                                                 continue to apply its social security legislation which in
                                                                certain circumstances makes certain benefits payable to
                          LIBYA33                               the head of the household which is, by such legislation,
                                                                presumed to be the husband.
Reservation:                                                        "C. Articles 13, 15, 16
    1. Article 2 of the Convention shall be                         While the Government of Malta is committed to
implemented with due regard for the peremptory norms of         remove, in as far as possible, all aspects of family and
the Islamic Shariah relating to determination of the            property law which may be considered as discriminatory
inheritance portions of the estate of a deceased person,        to females, it reserves the right to continue to apply
whether female or male.                                         present legislation in that regard until such time as the law
    2. The implementation of paragraph 16 (c) and (d)           is reformed and during such transitory period until those
of the Convention shall be without prejudice to any of the      laws are completely superseded.
rights guaranteed to women by the Islamic Shariah .                 "D. Article 16
                                                                    The Government of Malta does not consider itself
                                                                bound by sub-paragraph (e) of paragraph (1) of article 16
                    LIECHTENSTEIN34                             in so far as the same may be interpreted as imposing an
Reservation concerning article 1:                               obligation on Malta to legalize abortion."
    "In the light of the definition given in article 1 of the                          MAURITANIA39
Convention, the Principality of Liechtenstein reserves the
right to apply, with respect to all the obligations of the      Reservation:
Convention, article 3 of the Liechtenstein Constitution."          Having seen and examined the United Nations
                                                                Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
                                                                Discrimination against Women, adopted by the United
                     LUXEMBOURG69                               Nations General Assembly on 18 December 1979, have
                        MALAWI35                                approved and do approve it in each and every one of its
                                                                parts which are not contrary to Islamic Sharia and are in
                     MALAYSIA31,36,56,70                        accordance with our Constitution.
    <title>Reservations:</title>     ...     The
Government of Malaysia declares that Malaysia’s                                        MAURITIUS40
accession is subject to the understanding that the              Reservation:
provisions of the Convention do not conflict with the              "The Government of Mauritius does not consider itself
provisions of the Islamic Sharia’ law and the Federal           bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention, in
Constitution of Malaysia. With regard thereto, further,         pursuance of paragraph 2 of article 29."
the Government of Malaysia does not consider itself
bound by the provisions of articles 9 (2), 16 (1) (a), 16 (1)
(f) and 16 (1) (g) of the aforesaid Convention.                                          MEXICO
    <title>Declaration :</title>In relation to
article 11 of the Convention, Malaysia interprets the           Upon signature:
provisions of this article as a reference to the prohibition        Declaration:
of discrimination on the basis of equality between men              In signing ad referendum the Convention on the
and women only.”                                                Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against
                                                                Women, which the General Assembly opened for
                       MALDIVES31,37,38                         signature by States on 18 December 1979, the
                                             23 June 1999       Government of the United Mexican States wishes to place
                                                                on record that it is doing so on the understanding that the
Reservations:                                                   provisions of the said Convention, which agree in all
    “... 2. The Government of the Republic of Maldives          essentials with the provisions of Mexican legislation, will
reserves its right to apply article 16 of the Convention        be applied in Mexico in accordance with the modalities
concerning the equality of men and women in all matters         and procedures prescribed by Mexican legislation and that
relating to marriage and family relations without               the granting of material benefits in pursuance of the
prejudice to the provisions of the Islamic Sharia, which        Convention will be as generous as the resources available
govern all marital and family relations of the 100 percent      to the Mexican State permit.
Muslim population of the Maldives."
                                                                        MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF)71
                          MALTA
                                                                Reservations:
Reservations:                                                       "1. The Government of the Federated States of
    "A. Article 11                                              Micronesia advises that it is not at present in a position to
    The Government of Malta interprets paragraph 1 of           take the measures either required by Article 11 (1) (d) of
article II, in the light of provisions of paragraph 2 of        the Convention to enact comparable worth legislation, or
article 4, as not precluding prohibitions, restrictions, or     by Article 11 (2) (b) to enact maternity leave with pay or
conditions on the employment of women in certain areas,         with comparable social benefits throughout the nation;
or the work done by them, where this is considered                  2. The Government of the Federated States of
necessary or desirable to protect the health and safety of      Micronesia, in its capacity as trustee of the heritage of
women or the human foetus, including such prohibitions,         diversity within its States under Article V of its
restrictions or conditions imposed in consequence of other      Constitution, reserves the right not to apply the provisions
international obligations of Malta.                             of Articles 2 (f), 5, and 16 to the succession of certain
    "B. Article 13                                              well-established traditional titles, and to marital customs
    (i) The Government of Malta reserves the right,             that divide tasks or decision-making in purely voluntary
notwithstanding anything in the Convention, to continue         or consensual private conduct; and
to apply its tax legislation which deems, in certain

                                                                                                    IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS     7
3. The Government of the Federated States of                    The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco declares
Micronesia does not consider itself bound by the                 that it can only be bound by the provisions of this
provisions of Article 29 (1) of the Convention, and takes        paragraph, in particular those relating to the right of
the position that any dispute relating to the interpretation     women to choose their residence and domicile, to the
or application of the Convention may only be submitted           extent that they are not incompatible with articles 34 and
to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice with     36 of the Moroccan Code of Personal Status.
the agreement of all parties to the dispute."                    Reservations:
                                                                    3. With regard to article 29:
                         MONACO                                     The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco does not
                                                                 consider itself bound by the first paragraph of this article,
Declarations:                                                    which provides that any dispute between two or more
    1. The implementation of the Convention on the               States Parties concerning the interpretation or application
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against               of the present Convention which is not settled by
Women does not affect the validity of conventions                negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be
concluded with France.                                           submitted to arbitration.
    2. The Principality of Monaco deems that the aims               The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco is of the
of the Convention are to eliminate all forms of                  view that any dispute of this kind can only be referred to
discrimination against women and to guarantee every              arbitration by agreement of all the parties to the dispute.
individual, irrespective of gender, equality before the law,
when the aforementioned aims are in line with the                                        MYANMAR
principles stipulated in the Constitution.
    3. The Principality of Monaco declares that no               Reservation:
provision in the Convention can be interpreted as                Article 29
impeding the provisions of the laws and regulations of               "[The Government of Myanmar] does not consider
Monaco that are more favourable to women than to men.            itself bound by the provision set forth in the said article."
Reservations:
    1. The ratification of the Convention by the
Principality of Monaco shall have no effect on the                                     NETHERLANDS
constitutional provisions governing the succession to the        Declaration:
throne.
    2. The Principality of Monaco reserves the right not             "During the preparatory stages of the present
to apply the provisions of Article 7, paragraph b, of the        Convention and in the course of debates on it in the
Convention regarding recruitment to the police force.            General Assembly the position of the Government of the
    3. The Principality of Monaco does not consider              Kingdom of the Netherlands was that it was not desirable
itself bound by the provisions of Article 9 which are not        to introduce political considerations such as those
compatible with its nationality laws.                            contained in paragraphs 10 and 11 of the preamble in a
    4. The Principality of Monaco does not consider              legal instrument of this nature. Moreover, the
itself bound by Article 16, paragraph 1 (g), regarding the       considerations are not directly related to the achievement
right to choose one's surname.                                   of total equality between men and women. The
    5. The Principality of Monaco does not consider              Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands considers
itself bound by Article 16, paragraph 1 (e), to the extent       that it must recall its objections to the said paragraphs in
that the latter can be interpreted as forcing the legalization   the preamble at this occasion."
of abortion or sterilization.                                                        NEW ZEALAND44,45,46
    6. The Principality of Monaco reserves the right to
continue to apply its social security laws which, in certain     Reservation:
circumstances, envisage the payment of certain benefits to           ...
the head of the household who, according to this                     "The Government of the Cook Islands reserves the
legislation, is presumed to be the husband.                      right not to apply article 2 (f) and article 5 (a) to the
    7. The Principality of Monaco declares, in                   extent that the customs governing the inheritance of
conformity with the provisions of Article 29, paragraph 2,       certain Cook Islands chief titles may be inconsistent with
that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of      those provisions."
the first paragraph of this article.
                                                                                           NIGER49
                       MONGOLIA41                                Reservations:
                        MOROCCO72                                   Article 2, paragraphs (d) and (f)
                                                                    The Government of the Republic of the Niger
Declarations:                                                    expresses reservations with regard to article 2, paragraphs
    1. With regard to article 2:                                 (d) and (f), concerning the taking of all appropriate
    The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco express             measures to abolish all customs and practices which
its readiness to apply the provisions of this article            constitute discrimination against women, particularly in
provided that:                                                   respect of succession.
    -    They are without prejudice to the constitutional           Article 5, paragraph (a)
requirement that regulate the rules of succession to the            The Government of the Republic of the Niger
throne of the Kingdom of Morocco;                                expresses reservations with regard to the modification of
    -    They do not conflict with the provisions of the         social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and
Islamic Shariah. It should be noted that certain of the          women.
provisions contained in the Moroccan Code of Personal               Article 15, paragraph 4
Status according women rights that differ from the rights           The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares
conferred on men may not be infringed upon or abrogated          that it can be bound by the provisions of this paragraph,
because they derive primarily from the Islamic Shariah,          particularly those concerning the right of women to
which strives, among its other objectives, to strike a           choose their residence and domicile, only to the extent
balance between the spouses in order to preserve the             that these provisions refer only to unmarried women.
coherence of family life.                                           Article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (e) and (g)
    2. With regard to article 15, paragraph 4:

                                                                                                     IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS     8
The Government of the Republic of the Niger                    1. Article 2 (a) in connection with the rules of the
expresses reservations concerning the above-referenced         hereditary transmission of authority, as it is inconsistent
provisions of article 16, particularly those concerning the    with the provisions of article 8 of the Constitution.
same rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its        2. Article 9, paragraph 2, as it is inconsistent with
dissolution, the same rights to decide freely and              Qatar’s law on citizenship.
responsibly on the number and spacing of their children,           3. Article 15, paragraph 1, in connection with matters
and the right to choose a family name.                         of inheritance and testimony, as it is inconsistent with the
    The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares       provisions of Islamic law.
that the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (d) and (f),          4. Article 15, paragraph 4, as it is inconsistent with the
article 5, paragraphs (a) and (b), article 15, paragraph 4,    provisions of family law and established practice.
and article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (e) and (g), concerning           5. Article 16, paragraph 1 (a) and (c), as they are
family relations, cannot be applied immediately, as they       inconsistent with the provisions of Islamic law.
are contrary to existing customs and practices which, by           6. Article 16, paragraph 1 (f), as it is inconsistent with
their nature, can be modified only with the passage of         the provisions of Islamic law and family law. The State of
time and the evolution of society and cannot, therefore, be    Qatar declares that all of its relevant national legislation is
abolished by an act of authority.                              conducive to the interest of promoting social solidarity.
    Article 29                                                     ...
    The Government of the Republic of the Niger                    3. In accordance with article 29, paragraph 2, of the
expresses a reservation concerning article 29, paragraph       Convention, the State of Qatar declares, under the terms
1, which provides that any dispute between two or more         of that text, that it does not consider itself bound by
States concerning the interpretation or application of the     paragraph 1 of that article.
present Convention which is not settled by negotiation             Declaration:
shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to              1. The Government of the State of Qatar accepts the
arbitration.                                                   text of article 1 of the Convention provided that, in
    In the view of the Government of the Niger, a dispute      accordance with the provisions of Islamic law and Qatari
of this nature can be submitted to arbitration only with the   legislation, the phrase “irrespective of their marital status”
consent of all the parties to the dispute.                     is not intended to encourage family relationships outside
Declaration                                                    legitimate marriage. It reserves the right to implement the
    The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares       Convention in accordance with this understanding.
that the term "family education" which appears in article          2. The State of Qatar declares that the question of the
5, paragraph (b), of the Convention should be interpreted      modification of “patterns” referred to in article 5 (a) must
as referring to public education concerning the family,        not be understood as encouraging women to abandon their
and that in any event, article 5 would be applied in           role as mothers and their role in child-rearing, thereby
compliance with article 17 of the International Covenant       undermining the structure of the family.
on Civil and Political Rights.                                                    REPUBLIC OF KOREA52
                            OMAN                               Upon signature:
Reservations:                                                      Reservation:
    1. All provisions of the Convention not in                     "1. The Government of the Republic of Korea does not
accordance with the provisions of the Islamic sharia and       consider itself bound by the provisions of article 9 of the
legislation in force in the Sultanate of Oman;                 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
    2. Article 9, paragraph 2, which provides that States      Discrimination against Women of 1979.
Parties shall grant women equal rights with men with               "2. Bearing in mind the fundamental principles as
respect to the nationality of their children;                  embodied in the said Convention, the Government of the
    3. Article 15, paragraph 4, which provides that            Republic of Korea has recently established the Korea
States Parties shall accord to men and women the same          Women's welfare and social activities. A committee under
rights with regard to the law relating to the movement of      the chairmanship of the prime minister will shortly be set
persons and the freedom to choose their residence and          up to consider and coordinate overall policies on women.
domicile;                                                          "3. The Government of the Republic of Korea will
    4. Article 16, regarding the equality of men and           make continued efforts to take further measures in line
women, and in particular subparagraphs (a), (c), and (f)       with the provisions stipulated in the Convention."
(regarding adoption).                                          Upon ratification:
    5. The Sultanate is not bound by article 29,                   Reservation:
paragraph 1, regarding arbitration and the referral to the         "The Government of the Republic of Korea, having
International Court of Justice of any dispute between two      examined the said Convention, hereby ratifies the
or more States which is not settled by negotiation.            Convention considering itself not bound by the provisions
                                                               of [...] sub-paragraph [...] (g) of paragraph 1 of Article 16
                     PAKISTAN31,51,57                          of the Convention."
                                                                                        ROMANIA53
Declaration:
   "The accession by [the] Government of the Islamic                             RUSSIAN FEDERATION54
Republic of Pakistan to the [said Convention] is subject to
the provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic                            SAUDI ARABIA
of Pakistan."                                                  Reservations:
Reservation:                                                       “1. In case of contradiction between any term of the
   "The Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan         Convention and the norms of islamic law, the Kingdom is
declares that it does not consider itself bound by             not under obligation to observe the contradictory terms of
paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention."                  the Convention.
                                                                   2. The Kingdom does not consider itself bound by
                        POLAND50                               paragraphe 2 of article 9 of the Convention and
                                                               paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention.”
                         QATAR73
Reservations:

                                                                                                     IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS     9
SINGAPORE31,55,57,74                                                THAILAND59
Reservations:                                                  Declaration:
    (1) In the context of Singapore's multiracial and              The Royal Thai Government wishes to express its
multi-religious society and the need to respect the            understanding that the purposes of the Convention are to
freedom of minorities to practice their religious and          eliminate discrimination against women and to accord to
personal laws, the Republic of Singapore reserves the          every person, men and women alike, equality before the
right not to apply the provisions of articles 2, paragraphs    law, and are in accordance with the principles prescribed
(a) to (f), and article 16, paragraphs 1(a), 1(c), 1(h), and   by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand.
article 16, paragraph 2, where compliance with these           Reservations:
provisions would be contrary to their religious or personal        .....
laws.                                                              3. The Royal Thai Government does not consider
    (2) [...]                                                  itself bound by the provisions of [...] article 16 and article
    (3) Singapore interprets article 11, paragraph 1 in        29, paragraph 1, of the Convention.
the light of the provisions of article 4, paragraph 2 as not
precluding prohibitions, restrictions or conditions on the
employment of women in certain areas, or on work done                           TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
by them where this is considered necessary or desirable to     Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon
protect the health and safety of women or the human
foetus, including such prohibitions, restrictions or           ratification:
conditions imposed in consequence of other international           "The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago declares that it
obligations of Singapore and considers that legislation in     does not consider itself bound by article 29 (1) of the said
respect of article 11 is unnecessary for the minority of       Convention, relating to the settlement of disputes."
women who do not fall within the ambit of Singapore's
employmentlegislation.                                                                   TUNISIA
    (4) The Republic of Singapore declares, in
pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention         1. General declaration:
that it will not be bound by the provisions of article 29,          The Tunisian Government declares that it shall not
paragraph 1.                                                   take any organizational or legislative decision in
                         SLOVAKIA17                            conformity with the requirements of this Convention
                                                               where such a decision would conflict with the provisions
                          SPAIN                                of chapter I of the Tunisian Constitution.
                                                               2. Reservation concerning article 9, paragraph 2:
Declaration:                                                        The Tunisian Government expresses its reservation
    The ratification of the Convention by Spain shall not      with regard to the provisions in article 9, paragraph 2 of
affect the constitutional provisions concerning succession     the Convention, which must not conflict with the
to the Spanish crown.                                          provisions of chapter VI of the Tunisian Nationality
                                                               Code.
                     SWITZERLAND58                             3. Reservation concerning article 16, paragraphs (c), (d),
    .....                                                      (f), (g) and (h):
(b) Reservation concerning article 16, paragraph 1 (g):             The Tunisian Government considers itself not bound
    Said provision shall be applied subject to the             by article 16, paragraphs (c), (d) and (f) of the Convention
regulations on family name (Civil Code, article 160 and        and declares that paragraphs (g) and (h) of that article
article 8 (a), final section);                                 must not conflict with the provisions of the Personal
                                                               Status Code concerning the granting of family names to
(c) Reservation concerning article 15, paragraph 2, and        children and the acquisition of property through
article 16, paragraph 1 (h):                                   inheritance.
    Said provisions shall be applied subject to several        4. Reservation concerning article 29, paragraph 1:
interim provisions of the matrimonial regime (Civil Code,           The Tunisian Government declares, in conformity
articles 9 (e) and 10, final section).                         with the requirements of article 29, paragraph 2 of the
                                                               Convention, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of
                SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC                           paragraph 1 of that article which specify that any dispute
                                                               between two or more States Parties concerning the
Reservation:                                                   interpretation or application of the present Convention
    ..... subject to reservations to article 2; article 9,     which is not settled by negotiation shall be referred to the
paragraph 2, concerning the grant of a woman's                 International Court of Justice at the request of any one of
nationality to her children; article 15, paragraph 4,          those parties.
concerning freedom of movement and of residence and                 The Tunisian Government considers that such disputes
domicile; article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (d), (f) and (g),       should be submitted for arbitration or consideration by the
concerning equal rights and responsibilities during            International Court of Justice only with the consent of all
marriage and at its dissolution with regard to                 parties to the dispute.
guardianship, the right to choose a family name,               5. Declaration concerning article 15, paragraph4:
maintenance and adoption; article 16, paragraph 2,                  In accordance with the provisions of the Vienna
concerning the legal effect of the betrothal and the           Convention on the Law of Treaties, dated 23 May 1969,
marriage of a child, inasmuch as this provision is             the Tunisian Government emphasizes that the
incompatible with the provisions of the Islamic Shariah;       requirements of article 15, paragraph 4, of the Convention
and article 29, paragraph 1, concerning arbitration            on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against
between States in the event of a dispute.                      Women, and particularly that part relating to the right of
    The accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to this          women to choose their residence and domicile, must not
Convention shall in no way signify recognition of Israel       be interpreted in a manner which conflicts with the
or entail entry into any dealings with Israel in the context   provisions of the Personal Status Code on this subject, as
of the provisions of the Convention..                          set forth in chapters 23 and 61 of the Code.


                                                                                                   IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS     10
TURKEY75                                intention to make certain reservations and declarations
                                                                 upon ratification of the Convention.
Reservations:                                                    Upon ratification:
   " With respect to article 29, paragraph 1                         "A. On behalf of the United Kingdom of Great
   In pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2 of the                Britain and Northern Ireland:
Convention, the Government of the Republic of Turkey                 (a) The United Kingdom understands the main
declares that it does not consider itself bound by               purpose of the Convention, in the light of the definition
paragraph 1 of this article."                                    contained in Article 1, to be the reduction, in accordance
   [.....]                                                       with its terms, of discrimination against women, and does
                         UKRAINE54                               not therefore regard the Convention as imposing any
                                                                 requirement to repeal or modify any existing laws,
                UNITED ARAB EMIRATES60                           regulations, customs or practices which provide for
                                                                 women to be treated more favourably than men, whether
Reservations:                                                    temporarily or in the longer term; the United Kingdom's
    The United Arab Emirates makes reservations to               undertakings under Article 4, paragraph 1, and other
articles 2 (f), 9, 15 (2), 16 and 29 (1) of the Convention,      provisions of the Convention are to be construed
as follows:                                                      accordingly."
    Article 2 (f)                                                    ...
    The United Arab Emirates, being of the opinion that              (c) In the light of the definition contained in Article
this paragraph violates the rules of inheritance established     1, the United Kingdom's ratification is subject to the
in accordance with the precepts of the Shariah, makes a          understanding that none of its obligations under the
reservation thereto and does not consider itself bound by        Convention shall be treated as extending to the succession
the provisions thereof.                                          to, or possession and enjoyment of, the Throne, the
    Article 9                                                    peerage, titles of honour, social precedence or armorial
    The United Arab Emirates, considering the acquisition        bearings, or as extending to the affairs of religious
of nationality an internal matter which is governed, and         denominations or orders or any act done for the purpose
the conditions and controls of which are established, by         of ensuring the combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces
national legislation makes a reservation to this article and     of the Crown."
does not consider itself bound by the provisions thereof.            ...
    Article 15 (2)                                                   "Article 9
    The United Arab Emirates, considering this paragraph             The British Nationality Act 1981, which was brought
in conflict with the precepts of the Shariah regarding legal     into force with effect from January 1983, is based on
capacity, testimony and the right to conclude contracts,         principles which do not allow of any discrimination
makes a reservation to the said paragraph of the said            against women within the meaning of Article 1 as regards
article and does not consider itself bound by the                acquisition, change or retention of their nationality or as
provisions thereof.                                              regards the nationality of theirchildren. The United
    Article 16                                                   Kingdom's acceptance of Article 9 shall not, how ever, be
    The United Arab Emirates will abide by the provisions        taken to invalidate the continuation of certain temporary
of this article insofar as they are not in conflict with the     or transitional provisions which will ctinue in force
principles of the Shariah. The United Arab Emirates              beyond that date."
considers that the payment of a dower and of support after           ...
divorce is an obligation of the husband, and the husband             "Article 11
has the right to divorce, just as the wife has her                   ...
independent financial security and her full rights to her            "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply all
property and is not required to pay her husband's or her         United Kingdom legislation and the rules of pension
own expenses out of her own property. The Shariah                schemes affecting retirement pensions, survivors' benefits
makes a woman's right to divorce conditional on a judicial       and other benefits in relation to death or retirement
decision, in a case in which she has been harmed.                (including retirement on grounds of redundancy), whether
    Article 29 (1)                                               or not derived from a Social Security scheme."
    The United Arab Emirates appreciates and respects the            "This reservation will apply equally to any future
functions of this article, which provides:                       legislation which may modify or replace such legislation,
    "Any dispute between two or more States Parties              or the rules of pension schemes, on the understanding that
concerning the interpretation or application of the present      the terms of such legislation will be compatible with the
Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at         United Kingdom's obligations under the Convention."
the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If          "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply the
within six months...the parties are unable..." [any one of       following provisions of United Kingdom legislation
those parties] "may refer the dispute to the International       concerning the benefits specified:
Court of Justice..." This article, however, violates the             ...
general principle that matters are submitted to an                   b) increases of benefits for adult dependants under
arbitration panel by agreement between the parties. In           sections 44 to 47, 49 and 66 of the Social Security Act
addition, it might provide an opening for certain States to      1975 and under sections 44 to 47, 49 and 66 of the Social
bring other States to trial in defence of their nationals; the   Security (Northern Ireland) Act 1975;
case might then be referred to the committee charged with            ...
discussing the State reports required by the Convention              The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply any
and a decision might be handed down against the State in         non-discriminatory requirement for a qualifying period of
question for violating the provisions of the Convention.         employment or insurance for the application of the
For these reasons the United Arab Emirates makes a               provisions contained in Article 11 (2)."
reservation to this article and does not consider itself             "Article 15
bound by the provisions thereof.                                     ...
 UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN                        "In relation to Article 15, paragraph 3, the United
                         IRELAND61,62                            Kingdom understands the intention of this provision to be
                                                                 that only those terms or elements of a contract or other
Upon signature:                                                  private instrument which are discriminatory in the sense
   "The Government of the United Kingdom of Great                described are to be deemed null and void, but not
Britain and Northern Ireland declare that it is their            necessarily the contract or instrument as a whole."

                                                                                                   IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS    11
"Article 16                                                       b) increases of benefit for adult dependants;
    As regards sub-paragraph 1 (f) of Article 16, the                 c) retirement pensions and survivors' benefits;
United Kingdom does not regard the reference to the                   d) family income supplements.
paramountcy of the interests of the children as being                 "This reservation will apply equally to any future
directly relevant to the elimination of discrimination            legislation which may modify or replace any of the
against women, and declares in this connection that the           provisions specified in sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) above, on
legislation of the United Kingdom regulating adoption,            the understanding that the terms of such legislation will
while giving a principal position to the promotion of the         be compatible with the United Kingdom's obligations
children's welfare, does not give to the child's interests the    under the Convention."
same paramount place as in issues concerning custody                  "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply any
over children."                                                   non-discriminatory requirement for a qualifying period of
    ...                                                           employment or insurance for the application of the
    "B. On behalf of the Isle of Man, the British Virgin          provisions contained in Article 11 (2)."
Islands, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the                  Article 13, 15 and 16
South Sandwich Islands, and the Turks and Caicos                      [Same reservations as those made on behalf the United
Islands:                                                                                   Kingdom.]
      [Same reservations as the one made on behalf of the                  VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)
   United Kingdom under paragraphs A (a), (c), and (d)
except that in the of case d) it applies to the territories and   Reservation made upon ratification confirming in
                            their laws).]                         substance the reservation made upon signature:
    Article 1                                                         Venezuela makes a formal reservation with regard to
       [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the        article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention, since it does
  United Kingdom except with regard to the absence of a           not accept arbitration or the jurisdiction of the
           reference to United Kingdom legislation.]              International Court of Justice for the settlement of
    Article 2                                                     disputes concerning the interpretation or application of
       [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the        this Convention.
United Kingdom except that reference is made to the laws
        of the territories, and not the laws of the United
                             Kingdom.]                                                    VIET NAM
    Article 9
       [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the        Reservation:
                         United Kingdom.]                             In implementing this Convention, the Socialist
    Article 11                                                    Republic of Viet Nam will not be bound by the provisions
         [Same reservation as those made in respect of the        of paragraph 1 article 29.
  United Kingdom except that a reference is made to the
  laws of the territories, and not to the laws of the United                                YEMEN64
                             Kingdom.]
    "Also, as far as the territories are concerned, the               The Government of the People's Democratic Republic
specific benefits listed and which may be applied under           of Yemen declares that it does not consider itself bound
the provisions of these territories' legislation are as           by article 29, paragraph 1, of the said Convention, relating
follows:                                                          to the settlement of disputes which may arise concerning
    a) social security benefits for persons engaged in            the application or interpretation of the Convention.
caring for a severely disabled person;


                                                       Objections
                                  (Unless otherwise indicated, the objections were made
                                       upon ratification, accession or succession.)

                          AUSTRIA                                 Convention, essential for the fulfillment of its object and
                                                                  purpose.
                                            26 October 1994           It is in the common interests of States that treaties to
With regard to the reservations made by Maldives upon             which they have chosen to become Parties are respected,
                                                                  as to their object and purpose, by all Parties and that
accession:                                                        States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes
    "The reservation made by the Maldives is                      necessary to comply with their obligations under the
incompatible with the object and purpose of the                   treaties.
Convention and is therefore inadmissible under article 19             Austria is further of the view that a general reservation
(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and           of the kind made by the Government of the Islamic
shall not be permitted, in accordance with article 28 (2) of      Republic of Pakistan, which does not clearly specify the
the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of                 provisions of the Convention to which it applies and the
Discrimination Against Women. Austria therefore states            extent of the derogation therefrom, contributes to
that this reservation cannot alter or modify in any respect       undermining the basis of international treaty law.
the obligations arising from the Convention for any State             Given the general character of this reservation a final
Party thereto."                                                   assessment as to its admissibility under international law
                                                5 June 1997       cannot be made without further clarification.
With regard to the declaration made by Pakistan upon                  According to international law a reservation is
                                                                  inadmissible to the extent as its application negatively
accession:                                                        affects the compliance by a State with its obligations
    "Austria is of the view that a reservation by which a         under the Convention essential for the fulfillment of its
State limits its responsibilities under the Convention in a       object and purpose.
general and unspecified manner by invoking internal law               Therefore, Austria cannot consider the reservation
creates doubts as to the commitment of the Islamic                made by the Government of the Islamic Republic of
Republic of Pakistan with its obligations under the               Pakistan as admissible unless the Government of the

                                                                                                     IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS     12
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, by providing additional                This position, however, does not preclude the entry
information or through subsequent practice, ensures that         into force in its entirety of the Convention between the
the reservation is compatible with the provisions essential      Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Austria."
for the implementation of the object and purpose of the                                                    13 February 2002
Convention.                                                      With regard to the reservation made by Mauritania upon
    This view by Austria would not preclude the entry into
force in its entirety of the Convention between Pakistan         accession:
and Austria."                                                        "The Government of Austria has examined the
                                           20 February 1998      reservation to the Convention on the Elimination of all
                                                                 Forms of Discrimination against Women made by the
With regard to reservations made by Lebanon upon                 Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania in its
accession:                                                       note to the Secretary-General of 5 June 2001.
     [Same objection, mutatis mutandis, as the one made              The Government of Austria considers that, in the
for Pakistan.]                                                   absence of further clarification, this reservation raises
                                             21 August 2001      doubts as to the degree of commitment assumed by
With regard to reservations made by Saudi Arabia upon            Mauritania in becoming a party to the Convention since it
                                                                 refers to the contents of Islamic Sharia and to existing
ratification:                                                    national legislation in Mauritania. The Government of
    "Austria has examined the reservations to the                Austria would like to recall that, according to art. 28 (2)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of                    of the Convention as well as customary international law
Discrimination against Women made by the Government              as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of
of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in its note to the                Treaties, a reservation incompatible with the object and
Secretary-General of 7 September 2000.                           purpose of a treaty shall not be permitted.
    The fact that the reservation concerning any                     It is in the common interest of States that treaties to
interpretation of the provisions of the Convention that is       which they have chosen to become parties are respected
incompatible with the norms of Islamic law does not              as to their object and purpose, by all parties, and that
clearly specify the provisions of the Convention to which        States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes
it applies and the extent of the derogation therefrom raises     necessary to comply with their obligations under the
doubts as to the commitment of the Kingdom of Saudi              treaties.
Arabia to the Convention.                                            For these reasons, the Government of Austria objects
    Given the general character of this reservation a final      to this reservation made by the Government of
assessment as to its admissibility under international law       Mauritania.
cannot be made without further clarification. Until the              This position, however, does not preclude the entry
scope of the legal effects of this reservation is sufficiently   into force in its entirety of the Convention between
specified by the Government of Saudi Arabia, Austria             Mauritania and Austria."
considers the reservation as not affecting any provision                                                      31 March 2003
the implementation of which is essential to fulfilling the
object and purpose of the Convention. In Austria's view,         With regard to the reservation made by Bahrain upon
however, the reservation in question is inadmissible to the      accession:
extent that its application negatively affects the                   "The Government of Austria has examined the
compliance by Saudi Arabia with its obligations under the        reservation to the Convention on the Elimination of all
Convention essential for the fulfilment of its object and        forms of Discrimination against Women made by the
purpose. Austria does not consider the reservation made          Government of the Kingdom of Bahrain in its note to the
by the Government of Saudi Arabia as admissible unless           Secretary-General of 18 June 2002, regarding articles 2,
the Government of Saudi Arabia, by providing additional          9(2), 15(4) and 16.
information or through subsequent practice, ensures that             The reservation to articles 9(2) and 15(4), if put into
the reservation is compatible with the provisions essential      practice, would inevitably result in discrimination against
for the implementation of the object and purpose of the          women on the basis of sex. This is contrary to the object
Convention.                                                      and purpose of the Convention.
    As to the reservation to Paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the         The Government of Austria further considers that, in
Convention Austria is of the view that the exclusion of          the absence of further clarification, the reservation to
such an important provision of non-discrimination is not         articles 2 and 16 which does not clearly specify the extent
compatible with object and purpose of the Convention.            of Bahrain's derogation from the provisions in question
Austria therefore objects to this reservation.                   raises doubts as to the degree of commitment assumed by
    This position, however, does not preclude the entry          Bahrain in becoming a party to the Convention since it
into force in its entirety of the Convention between Saudi       refers to the contents of Islamic Sharia.
Arabia and Austria."                                                 The Government of Austria would like to recall that,
With regard to reservations made by the Democcratic              according to art. 28(2) of the Convention as well as
Republic of Korea upon accession:                                customary international law as codified in the Vienna
    "Austria has examined the reservations to the                Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of                    incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty shall
Discrimination against Women made by the Government              not be permitted.
of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in its note             It is in the common interest of States that treaties to
to the Secretary General of 27 February 2001.                    which they have chosen to become parties are respected
    Taking into consideration that according to Paragraph        as to their object and purpose, by all parties, and that
2 of Article 28 of the Convention, reservations which are        States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes
incompatible with the objective and purpose of the               necessary to comply with their obligations under the
Convention are not acceptable, Austria objects to the            treaties.
reservations in respect of Paragraph f of Article 2 and              For these reasons, the Government of Austria objects
Paragraph 2 of Article 9.                                        to this reservation made by the Government of Bahrain.
    Both Paragraphs refer to basic aspects of the                    This position, however, does not preclude the entry
Convention, that are legislation to abolish existing             into force in its entirety of the Convention between
discrimination against women and a specific form of              Bahrain and Austria."
discrimination, such as the nationality of children.                                                         14 August 2003


                                                                                                   IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS    13
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW
CEDAW

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Destaque

Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the ChildImplementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the ChildHAQ: Centre for Child Rights
 
CEDAW Fact Sheet
CEDAW Fact Sheet CEDAW Fact Sheet
CEDAW Fact Sheet IMPOWR
 
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Taxation
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and TaxationThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Taxation
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Taxationriyasvpmyas
 
1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rights
1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rights1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rights
1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rightsthereal_mthorn
 
Political, civil,social and economics rights of citizens
Political, civil,social and economics  rights of citizensPolitical, civil,social and economics  rights of citizens
Political, civil,social and economics rights of citizensiamnotangelica
 
Civil & political rights
Civil & political rightsCivil & political rights
Civil & political rightsanamika18
 
An evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedaw
An evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedawAn evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedaw
An evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedawSaeed Anwar
 
German cuisine
German cuisineGerman cuisine
German cuisineCM
 
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)UNICEF Europe & Central Asia
 
Women equality and the constitution of india
Women equality and the constitution of indiaWomen equality and the constitution of india
Women equality and the constitution of indiaDhruv Tripathi
 
Women's rights
Women's rightsWomen's rights
Women's rightsomimo
 
Women's Rights
Women's RightsWomen's Rights
Women's RightsMrsHeller
 
Women's rights powerpoint
Women's rights powerpointWomen's rights powerpoint
Women's rights powerpointjhnicoll59
 
Women’s rights
Women’s rightsWomen’s rights
Women’s rightscmfrierman
 

Destaque (20)

Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the ChildImplementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the Child
 
CEDAW Fact Sheet
CEDAW Fact Sheet CEDAW Fact Sheet
CEDAW Fact Sheet
 
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Taxation
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and TaxationThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Taxation
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Taxation
 
Definition of cedaw
Definition of cedawDefinition of cedaw
Definition of cedaw
 
Child Rights Art.22-41
Child Rights  Art.22-41Child Rights  Art.22-41
Child Rights Art.22-41
 
1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rights
1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rights1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rights
1966 Covenant on Civil & Political Rights
 
Political, civil,social and economics rights of citizens
Political, civil,social and economics  rights of citizensPolitical, civil,social and economics  rights of citizens
Political, civil,social and economics rights of citizens
 
Civil & political rights
Civil & political rightsCivil & political rights
Civil & political rights
 
An evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedaw
An evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedawAn evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedaw
An evaluation of women status after thirty years of cedaw
 
Convention on the rights of the child
Convention on the rights of the childConvention on the rights of the child
Convention on the rights of the child
 
German cuisine
German cuisineGerman cuisine
German cuisine
 
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - child-friendly version (English)
 
UNCRC
UNCRCUNCRC
UNCRC
 
Women equality and the constitution of india
Women equality and the constitution of indiaWomen equality and the constitution of india
Women equality and the constitution of india
 
Women's rights
Women's rightsWomen's rights
Women's rights
 
Ugnayang Bayan 2015 - Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against...
Ugnayang Bayan 2015 - Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against...Ugnayang Bayan 2015 - Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against...
Ugnayang Bayan 2015 - Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against...
 
Women's Rights
Women's RightsWomen's Rights
Women's Rights
 
Women's rights powerpoint
Women's rights powerpointWomen's rights powerpoint
Women's rights powerpoint
 
Women’s rights
Women’s rightsWomen’s rights
Women’s rights
 
Right of children
Right of childrenRight of children
Right of children
 

Semelhante a CEDAW

Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docxBerkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docxikirkton
 
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage CBerkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage CChantellPantoja184
 
Berkshire hathaway2012
Berkshire hathaway2012Berkshire hathaway2012
Berkshire hathaway2012JavierAlfayate
 
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docxBerkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docxtangyechloe
 
Buffett 2010ltr
Buffett 2010ltrBuffett 2010ltr
Buffett 2010ltrTIPBlog
 
Minority rights in the middle east this page in
   Minority rights in the middle east this page in   Minority rights in the middle east this page in
Minority rights in the middle east this page inSALU18
 
Minority rights in the middle east this page in
   Minority rights in the middle east this page in   Minority rights in the middle east this page in
Minority rights in the middle east this page inabhi353063
 
Berkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docx
Berkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docxBerkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docx
Berkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docxikirkton
 

Semelhante a CEDAW (9)

Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docxBerkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
 
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage CBerkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C
 
Berkshire hathaway2012
Berkshire hathaway2012Berkshire hathaway2012
Berkshire hathaway2012
 
Warren buffett's annual letter 2017
Warren buffett's annual letter 2017Warren buffett's annual letter 2017
Warren buffett's annual letter 2017
 
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docxBerkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
Berkshire’s Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Percentage C.docx
 
Buffett 2010ltr
Buffett 2010ltrBuffett 2010ltr
Buffett 2010ltr
 
Minority rights in the middle east this page in
   Minority rights in the middle east this page in   Minority rights in the middle east this page in
Minority rights in the middle east this page in
 
Minority rights in the middle east this page in
   Minority rights in the middle east this page in   Minority rights in the middle east this page in
Minority rights in the middle east this page in
 
Berkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docx
Berkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docxBerkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docx
Berkshire’s Corporate Performance vs. the S&P 500Annual Pe.docx
 

Mais de IMPOWR

Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation
Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation
Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation IMPOWR
 
Women, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender Equality
Women, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender EqualityWomen, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender Equality
Women, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender EqualityIMPOWR
 
Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)
Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)
Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)IMPOWR
 
UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)
UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)
UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)IMPOWR
 
CEDAW Ratification Scorecard
CEDAW Ratification Scorecard CEDAW Ratification Scorecard
CEDAW Ratification Scorecard IMPOWR
 
Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion 2012
Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion  2012Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion  2012
Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion 2012IMPOWR
 
CEDAW Works!
CEDAW Works!CEDAW Works!
CEDAW Works!IMPOWR
 
Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)
Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)
Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)IMPOWR
 
Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1)
Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1) Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1)
Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1) IMPOWR
 
FGM Legislative Reform Support (2010)
FGM Legislative Reform Support  (2010)FGM Legislative Reform Support  (2010)
FGM Legislative Reform Support (2010)IMPOWR
 
Human Rights Calendar 2012
Human Rights Calendar 2012Human Rights Calendar 2012
Human Rights Calendar 2012IMPOWR
 

Mais de IMPOWR (11)

Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation
Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation
Global Slavery Index 2013 | Walk Free Foundation
 
Women, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender Equality
Women, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender EqualityWomen, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender Equality
Women, Business & Law: Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender Equality
 
Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)
Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)
Girls on the Move: Adolescent Girls & Migration in the Developing World (2013)
 
UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)
UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)
UNFPA: Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health (2012)
 
CEDAW Ratification Scorecard
CEDAW Ratification Scorecard CEDAW Ratification Scorecard
CEDAW Ratification Scorecard
 
Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion 2012
Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion  2012Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion  2012
Women, Business and the Law: Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion 2012
 
CEDAW Works!
CEDAW Works!CEDAW Works!
CEDAW Works!
 
Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)
Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)
Women in U.S. Congress (1917 2012)
 
Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1)
Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1) Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1)
Trafficking in Person 2012 (Part 1)
 
FGM Legislative Reform Support (2010)
FGM Legislative Reform Support  (2010)FGM Legislative Reform Support  (2010)
FGM Legislative Reform Support (2010)
 
Human Rights Calendar 2012
Human Rights Calendar 2012Human Rights Calendar 2012
Human Rights Calendar 2012
 

Último

How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 

Último (20)

How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 

CEDAW

  • 1. 8. CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN New York, 18 December 19791 . ENTRY INTO FORCE: 3 September 1981, in accordance with article 27(1). REGISTRATION: 3 September 1981, No. 20378. STATUS: Signatories: 99. Parties: 187. TEXT: United Nations, Treaty Series , vol. 1249, p. 13. Note: The Convention was opened for signature at the United Nations Headquarters on 1 March 1980. . Ratification, Ratification, Accession(a), Accession(a), Participant Signature Succession(d) Participant Signature Succession(d) Afghanistan ................... 14 Aug 1980 5 Mar 2003 Republic .................. Albania .......................... 11 May 1994 a Chad .............................. 9 Jun 1995 a Algeria2 ......................... 22 May 1996 a Chile .............................. 17 Jul 1980 7 Dec 1989 Andorra ......................... 15 Jan 1997 a China13,14 ....................... 17 Jul 1980 4 Nov 1980 Angola ........................... 17 Sep 1986 a Colombia....................... 17 Jul 1980 19 Jan 1982 Antigua and Barbuda .... 1 Aug 1989 a Comoros ........................ 31 Oct 1994 a Argentina....................... 17 Jul 1980 15 Jul 1985 Congo ............................ 29 Jul 1980 26 Jul 1982 Armenia......................... 13 Sep 1993 a Cook Islands15 ............... 11 Aug 2006 a Australia3....................... 17 Jul 1980 28 Jul 1983 Costa Rica ..................... 17 Jul 1980 4 Apr 1986 Austria4 ......................... 17 Jul 1980 31 Mar 1982 Côte d'Ivoire.................. 17 Jul 1980 18 Dec 1995 Azerbaijan ..................... 10 Jul 1995 a Croatia7 ......................... 9 Sep 1992 d Bahamas ........................ 6 Oct 1993 a Cuba .............................. 6 Mar 1980 17 Jul 1980 Bahrain .......................... 18 Jun 2002 a Cyprus16 ........................ 23 Jul 1985 a Bangladesh5................... 6 Nov 1984 a Czech Republic17 .......... 22 Feb 1993 d Barbados ....................... 24 Jul 1980 16 Oct 1980 Democratic People's Belarus .......................... 17 Jul 1980 4 Feb 1981 Republic of Korea18. 27 Feb 2001 a Belgium6 ....................... 17 Jul 1980 10 Jul 1985 Democratic Republic of the Congo ................ 17 Jul 1980 17 Oct 1986 Belize ............................ 7 Mar 1990 16 May 1990 Denmark19 ..................... 17 Jul 1980 21 Apr 1983 Benin ............................. 11 Nov 1981 12 Mar 1992 Djibouti ......................... 2 Dec 1998 a Bhutan ........................... 17 Jul 1980 31 Aug 1981 Dominica....................... 15 Sep 1980 15 Sep 1980 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ................... 30 May 1980 8 Jun 1990 Dominican Republic ..... 17 Jul 1980 2 Sep 1982 Bosnia and Ecuador ......................... 17 Jul 1980 9 Nov 1981 Herzegovina7 ........... 1 Sep 1993 d Egypt20 .......................... 16 Jul 1980 18 Sep 1981 Botswana ....................... 13 Aug 1996 a El Salvador.................... 14 Nov 1980 19 Aug 1981 Brazil8 ........................... 31 Mar 1981 1 Feb 1984 Equatorial Guinea ......... 23 Oct 1984 a Brunei Darussalam ........ 24 May 2006 a Eritrea ........................... 5 Sep 1995 a Bulgaria9 ....................... 17 Jul 1980 8 Feb 1982 Estonia .......................... 21 Oct 1991 a Burkina Faso ................. 14 Oct 1987 a Ethiopia ......................... 8 Jul 1980 10 Sep 1981 Burundi ......................... 17 Jul 1980 8 Jan 1992 Fiji21 .............................. 28 Aug 1995 a Cambodia10,11 ................ 17 Oct 1980 15 Oct 1992 a Finland .......................... 17 Jul 1980 4 Sep 1986 Cameroon ...................... 6 Jun 1983 23 Aug 1994 France22 ......................... 17 Jul 1980 14 Dec 1983 Canada12 ........................ 17 Jul 1980 10 Dec 1981 Gabon ............................ 17 Jul 1980 21 Jan 1983 Cape Verde.................... 5 Dec 1980 a Gambia .......................... 29 Jul 1980 16 Apr 1993 Central African 21 Jun 1991 a Georgia ......................... 26 Oct 1994 a IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 1
  • 2. Ratification, Ratification, Accession(a), Accession(a), Participant Signature Succession(d) Participant Signature Succession(d) Germany23,24,25............... 17 Jul 1980 10 Jul 1985 Mauritius40 .................... 9 Jul 1984 a Ghana ............................ 17 Jul 1980 2 Jan 1986 Mexico .......................... 17 Jul 1980 23 Mar 1981 Greece ........................... 2 Mar 1982 7 Jun 1983 Micronesia (Federated Grenada ......................... 17 Jul 1980 30 Aug 1990 States of) ................. 1 Sep 2004 a Guatemala ..................... 8 Jun 1981 12 Aug 1982 Monaco ......................... 18 Mar 2005 a Guinea26 ........................ 17 Jul 1980 9 Aug 1982 Mongolia41 .................... 17 Jul 1980 20 Jul 1981 Guinea-Bissau ............... 17 Jul 1980 23 Aug 1985 Montenegro42 ................ 23 Oct 2006 d Guyana .......................... 17 Jul 1980 17 Jul 1980 Morocco ........................ 21 Jun 1993 a Haiti .............................. 17 Jul 1980 20 Jul 1981 Mozambique ................. 21 Apr 1997 a Honduras ....................... 11 Jun 1980 3 Mar 1983 Myanmar ....................... 22 Jul 1997 a Hungary27 ...................... 6 Jun 1980 22 Dec 1980 Namibia......................... 23 Nov 1992 a Iceland ........................... 24 Jul 1980 18 Jun 1985 Nauru ............................ 23 Jun 2011 a India .............................. 30 Jul 1980 9 Jul 1993 Nepal ............................. 5 Feb 1991 22 Apr 1991 Indonesia ....................... 29 Jul 1980 13 Sep 1984 Netherlands43 ................ 17 Jul 1980 23 Jul 1991 Iraq ................................ 13 Aug 1986 a New Zealand44,45,46,47,48.. 17 Jul 1980 10 Jan 1985 Ireland28......................... 23 Dec 1985 a Nicaragua ...................... 17 Jul 1980 27 Oct 1981 Israel29 ........................... 17 Jul 1980 3 Oct 1991 Niger49........................... 8 Oct 1999 a Italy ............................... 17 Jul 1980 10 Jun 1985 Nigeria .......................... 23 Apr 1984 13 Jun 1985 Jamaica30 ....................... 17 Jul 1980 19 Oct 1984 Norway ......................... 17 Jul 1980 21 May 1981 Japan ............................. 17 Jul 1980 25 Jun 1985 Oman............................. 7 Feb 2006 a Jordan ............................ 3 Dec 1980 1 Jul 1992 Pakistan ......................... 12 Mar 1996 a Kazakhstan .................... 26 Aug 1998 a Palau ............................. 20 Sep 2011 Kenya ............................ 9 Mar 1984 a Panama .......................... 26 Jun 1980 29 Oct 1981 Kiribati .......................... 17 Mar 2004 a Papua New Guinea........ 12 Jan 1995 a Kuwait31 ........................ 2 Sep 1994 a Paraguay ....................... 6 Apr 1987 a Kyrgyzstan .................... 10 Feb 1997 a Peru ............................... 23 Jul 1981 13 Sep 1982 Lao People's Philippines .................... 15 Jul 1980 5 Aug 1981 Democratic Poland50......................... 29 May 1980 30 Jul 1980 Republic .................. 17 Jul 1980 14 Aug 1981 Portugal13,51 ................... 24 Apr 1980 30 Jul 1980 Latvia ............................ 14 Apr 1992 a Qatar ............................. 29 Apr 2009 a Lebanon......................... 16 Apr 1997 a Republic of Korea52 ...... 25 May 1983 27 Dec 1984 Lesotho32 ....................... 17 Jul 1980 22 Aug 1995 Republic of Moldova .... 1 Jul 1994 a Liberia ........................... 17 Jul 1984 a Romania53 ..................... 4 Sep 1980 7 Jan 1982 Libya33........................... 16 May 1989 a Russian Federation54 ..... 17 Jul 1980 23 Jan 1981 Liechtenstein34 .............. 22 Dec 1995 a Rwanda ......................... 1 May 1980 2 Mar 1981 Lithuania ....................... 18 Jan 1994 a Samoa ........................... 25 Sep 1992 a Luxembourg .................. 17 Jul 1980 2 Feb 1989 San Marino .................... 26 Sep 2003 10 Dec 2003 Madagascar ................... 17 Jul 1980 17 Mar 1989 Sao Tome and Principe . 31 Oct 1995 3 Jun 2003 Malawi35 ........................ 12 Mar 1987 a Saudi Arabia ................. 7 Sep 2000 7 Sep 2000 Malaysia36 ..................... 5 Jul 1995 a Senegal .......................... 29 Jul 1980 5 Feb 1985 Maldives37,38 .................. 1 Jul 1993 a Serbia7 ........................... 12 Mar 2001 d Mali ............................... 5 Feb 1985 10 Sep 1985 Seychelles ..................... 5 May 1992 a Malta ............................. 8 Mar 1991 a Sierra Leone .................. 21 Sep 1988 11 Nov 1988 Marshall Islands ............ 2 Mar 2006 a Singapore55.................... 5 Oct 1995 a Mauritania39 .................. 10 May 2001 a IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 2
  • 3. Ratification, Ratification, Accession(a), Accession(a), Participant Signature Succession(d) Participant Signature Succession(d) Slovakia17 ...................... 28 May 1993 d Turkey ........................... 20 Dec 1985 a Slovenia7 ....................... 6 Jul 1992 d Turkmenistan ................ 1 May 1997 a Solomon Islands ............ 6 May 2002 a Tuvalu ........................... 6 Oct 1999 a South Africa .................. 29 Jan 1993 15 Dec 1995 Uganda .......................... 30 Jul 1980 22 Jul 1985 Spain ............................. 17 Jul 1980 5 Jan 1984 Ukraine ......................... 17 Jul 1980 12 Mar 1981 Sri Lanka ....................... 17 Jul 1980 5 Oct 1981 United Arab Emirates60 . 6 Oct 2004 a St. Kitts and Nevis ........ 25 Apr 1985 a United Kingdom of St. Lucia ........................ 8 Oct 1982 a Great Britain and Northern St. Vincent and the Ireland14,61,62,63 ......... 22 Jul 1981 7 Apr 1986 Grenadines............... 4 Aug 1981 a United Republic of Suriname ....................... 1 Mar 1993 a Tanzania .................. 17 Jul 1980 20 Aug 1985 Swaziland ...................... 26 Mar 2004 a United States of Sweden56,57 .................... 7 Mar 1980 2 Jul 1980 America ................... 17 Jul 1980 Switzerland58 ................. 23 Jan 1987 27 Mar 1997 Uruguay ........................ 30 Mar 1981 9 Oct 1981 Syrian Arab Republic .... 28 Mar 2003 a Uzbekistan .................... 19 Jul 1995 a Tajikistan....................... 26 Oct 1993 a Vanuatu ......................... 8 Sep 1995 a Thailand59 ...................... 9 Aug 1985 a Venezuela (Bolivarian The former Yugoslav Republic of)............. 17 Jul 1980 2 May 1983 Republic of Viet Nam ....................... 29 Jul 1980 17 Feb 1982 Macedonia7 .............. 18 Jan 1994 d Yemen64 ........................ 30 May 1984 a Timor-Leste................... 16 Apr 2003 a Zambia .......................... 17 Jul 1980 21 Jun 1985 Togo .............................. 26 Sep 1983 a Zimbabwe ..................... 13 May 1991 a Trinidad and Tobago ..... 27 Jun 1985 12 Jan 1990 Tunisia .......................... 24 Jul 1980 20 Sep 1985 Declarations and Reservations (Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification, accession or succession.) ALGERIA65 paragraph 1, which states that any dispute between two or more Parties concerning the interpretation or application Reservations: of the Convention which is not settled by negotiation Article 2: shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to The Government of the People's Democratic Republic arbitration or to the International Court of Justice. of Algeria declares that it is prepared to apply the The Government of the People's Democratic Republic provisions of this article on condition that they do not of Algeria holds that no such dispute can be submitted to conflict with the provisions of the Algerian Family Code. arbitration or to the Court of International Justice except ... with the consent of all the parties to the dispute. Article 15, paragraph 4: ARGENTINA The Government of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that the provisions of article 15, Reservation: paragraph 4, concerning the right of women to choose The Government of Argentina declares that it does not their residence and domicile should not be interpreted in consider itself bound by article 29, paragraph 1, of the such a manner as to contradict the provisions of chapter 4 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of (art. 37) of the Algerian Family Code. Discrimination against Women. Article 16: The Government of the People's Democratic Republic AUSTRALIA3 of Algeria declares that the provisions of article 16 concerning equal rights for men and women in all matters Reservations: relating to marriage, both during marriage and at its "The Government of Australia states that maternity dissolution, should not contradict the provisions of the leave with pay is provided in respect of most women Algerian Family Code. employed by the Commonwealth Government and the Article 29: Governments of New South Wales and Victoria. Unpaid The Government of the People's Democratic Republic maternity leave is provided in respect of all other women of Algeria does not consider itself bound by article 29, IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 3
  • 4. employed in the State of New South Wales and elsewhere "... Brazil does not consider itself bound by article 29, to women employed under Federal and some State paragraph 1, of the above-mentioned Convention." industrial awards. Social Security benefits subject to income tests are available to women who are sole parents. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM "The Government of Australia advises that it is not at present in a position to take the measures required by Reservations: article 11 (2) to introduce maternity leave with pay or "The Government of Brunei Darussalam expresses its with comparable social benefits throughout Australia. reservations regarding those provisions of the said ..... Convention that may be contrary to the Constitution of Declaration: Brunei Darussalam and to the beliefs and principles of "Australia has a Federal Constitutional System in Islam, the official religion of Brunei Darussalam and, which Legislative, Executive and Judicial Powers are without prejudice to the generality of the said shared or distributed between the Commonwealth and the reservations, expresses its reservations regarding Constituent States. The implementation of the Treaty paragraph 2 of Article 9 and paragraph 1 of Article 29 of throughout Australia will be effected by the the Convention." Commonwealth State and Territory Authorities having regard to their respective constitutional powers and BULGARIA9 arrangements concerning their exercise." 30 August 2000 CANADA12 Reservation: CHILE The Government of Australia advises that it does not accept the application of the Convention in so far as it Upon signature: would require alteration of Defence Force policy which Declaration: excludes women from combat duties.” The Government of Chile has signed this Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination AUSTRIA4 Against Women, mindful of the important step which this document represents, not only in terms of the elimination Reservation: of all forms of discrimination against women, but also in “Austria reserves its right to apply the provision of terms of their full and permanent integration into society Article 11, as far as special protection of working women in conditions of equality. is concerned within the limits established by national The Government is obliged to state, however, that legislation." some of the provisions of the Convention are not entirely compatible with current Chilean legislation. At the same time, it reports the establishment of a BAHAMAS66 Commission for the Study and Reform of the Civil Code, Reservations: which now has before it various proposals to amend, “The Government of the Commonwealth of the inter alia , those provisions which are not fully consistent Bahamas does not consider itself bound by the provisions with the terms of the Convention. of article 2 (a) of the Convention. CHINA The Government of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas does not consider itself bound by the provisions Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon of article 9, paragraph 2, of the Convention. ratification: The Government of the Commonwealth of the The People's Republic of China does not consider Bahamas does not consider itself bound by the provisions itself bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the of article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention.” Convention. BAHRAIN Reservations: COOK ISLANDS15 ... the Kingdom of Bahrain makes reservations with CUBA respect to the following provisions of the Convention: - Article 2, in order to ensure its implementation Reservation: within the bounds of the provisions of the Islamic The Government of the Republic of Cuba makes a Shariah; specific reservation concerning the provisions of article - Article 9, paragraph 2; 29 of the Convention inasmuch as it holds that any - Article 15, paragraph 4; disputes that may arise between States Parties should be - Article 16, in so far as it is incompatible with the resolved through direct negotiations through the provisions of the Islamic Shariah; diplomatic channel. - Article 29, paragraph 1. BANGLADESH5 CYPRUS16 "The Government of the People's Republic of CZECH REPUBLIC17 Bangladesh does not consider as binding upon itself the provisions of article 2, [... and ...] 16 (1) (c) as they DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA18 conflict with Sharia law based on Holy Quran and Reservations: Sunna." “The Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea does not consider itself bound by the BELARUS54 provisions of paragraph (f) of article 2, paragraph 2 of article 9 and paragraph 1 of article 29 of [the BELGIUM6 Convention].” BRAZIL8 Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification: IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 4
  • 5. EGYPT20 preambular paragraph contains debatable elements which are definitely out of place in this text. Reservations made upon signature and confirmed upon The Government of the French Republic declares that ratification: the term "family education" in article 5 (b) of the [.....] Convention must be interpreted as meaning public In respect of article 16 education concerning the family and that, in any event, Reservation to the text of article 16 concerning the article 5 will be applied subject to respect for article 17 of equality of men and women in all matters relating to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights marriage and family relations during the marriage and and article 8 of the European Convention for the upon its dissolution, without prejudice to the Islamic Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Sharia's provisions whereby women are accorded rights The Government of the French Republic declares that equivalent to those of their spouses so as to ensure a just no provision of the Convention must be interpreted as balance between them. This is out of respect for the prevailing over provisions of French legislation which are sacrosanct nature of the firm religious beliefs which more favourable to women than to men. govern marital relations in Egypt and which may not be Reservations: called in question and in view of the fact that one of the ..... most important bases of these relations is an equivalency Article 14 of rights and duties so as to ensure complementary which 1. The Government of the French Republic declares guarantees true equality between the spouses. The that article 14, paragraph 2 (c), should be interpreted as provisions of the Sharia lay down that the husband shall guaranteeing that women who fulfil the conditions pay bridal money to the wife and maintain her fully and relating to family or employment required by French shall also make a payment to her upon divorce, whereas legislation for personal participation shall acquire their the wife retains full rights over her property and is not own rights within the framework of social security. obliged to spend anything on her keep. The Sharia 2. The Government of the French Republic declares therefore restricts the wife's rights to divorce by making it that article 14, paragraph 2 (h), of the Convention should contingent on a judge's ruling, whereas no such restriction not be interpreted as implying the actual provision, free of is laid down in the case of the husband. charge, of the services mentioned in that paragraph. In respect of article 29 Article 16 1 (g) The Egyptian delegation also maintains the reservation The Government of the French Republic enters a contained in article 29, paragraph 2, concerning the right reservation concerning the right to choose a family name of a State signatory to the Convention to declare that it mentioned in article 16, paragraph 1 (g), of the does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of that Convention. article concerning the submission to an arbitral body of Article 29 any dispute which may arise between States concerning The Government of the French Republic declares, in the interpretation or application of the Convention. This is pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in order to avoid being bound by the system ofarbitration that it will not be bound by the provisions of article 29, in this field. paragraph 1. Reservation made upon ratification: GERMANY23,24 General reservation on article 2 The Arab Republic of Egypt is willing to comply with Declaration: the content of this article, provided that such compliance The right of peoples to self-determination, as does not run counter to the Islamic Sharia. enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and in the International Covenants of 19 December 1966, applies to EL SALVADOR all peoples and not only to those living 'under alien and Upon signature: colonial domination and foreign occupation'. All peoples Upon ratification of the Convention, the Government thus have the inalienable right freely to determine their of El Salvador will make the reservation provided for in political status and freely to pursue their economic, social article 29. and cultural development. The Federal Republic of Germany would be unable to recognize as legally valid an Upon ratification: interpretation of the right to self-determination which Reservation: contradicts the unequivocal wording of the Charter of the With reservation as to the application of the provision United Nations and of the two International Covenants of of article 29, paragraph 1. 19 December 1966 on Civil and Political Rights and on ETHIOPIA Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It will interpret the 11th paragraph of the Preamble accordingly. Reservation: Socialist Ethiopia does not consider itself bound by HUNGARY27 paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention. INDIA 21 FIJI Declarations and reservations made upon signature and FRANCE22 confirmed upon ratification: Declarations: Upon signature: "i) With regard to articles 5 (a) and 16 (1) of the The Government of the French Republic declares that Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of article 9 of the Convention must not be interpreted as Discrimination Against Women, the Government of the precluding the application of the second paragraph of Republic of India declares that it shall abide by and article 96 of the code of French nationality. ensure these provisions in conformity with its policy of [All other declarations and reservations were non-interference in the personal affairs of any Community confirmed in substance upon ratification.] without its initiative and consent. Upon ratification: "ii) With regard to article 16 (2) of the Convention Declarations: on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination The Government of the French Republic declares that Against Women, the Government of the Republic of India the preamble to the Convention in particular the eleventh declares that though in principle it fully supports the principle of compulsory registration of marriages, it is not IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 5
  • 6. practical in a vast country like India with its variety of the extent that the laws on personal status which are customs, religions and level of literacy." binding on the various religious communities in Israel do Reservation: not conform with the provisions of that article." "With regard to article 29 of the Convention on the Declaration: Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against "3. In accordance with paragraph 2 of article 29 of Women, the Government of the Republic of India the Convention, the State of Israel hereby declares that it declares that it does not consider itself bound by does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of that paragraph 1 of this article." article." INDONESIA "The Government of the Republic of Indonesia does ITALY not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29, Upon signature: paragraph 1 of this Convention and takes the position that Reservation: any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of Italy reserves the right to exercise, when depositing the Convention may only be submitted to arbitration or to the instrument of ratification, the option provided for in the International Court of Justice with the agreement of article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of all the parties to the dispute." Treaties of 23 May 1969. IRAQ29 JAMAICA30 Reservations: The Government of Jamaica declares that it does not 1. Approval of and accession to this consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29, Convention shall not mean that the Republic of Iraq is paragraph 1, of the Convention." bound by the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (f) and (g), of article 9, paragraphs 1 and 2, nor of article 16 of the Convention. The reservation to this last-mentioned JORDAN67 article shall be without prejudice to the provisions of the Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon Islamic Shariah according women rights equivalent to the rights of their spouses so as to ensure a just balance ratification: between them. Iraq also enters a reservation to article 29, Jordan does not consider itself bound by the following paragraph 1, of this Convention with regard to the provisions: principle of international arbitration in connection with 1. Article 9, paragraph 2; the interpretation or application of this Convention. 2. ... 2. This approval in no way implies 3. Article 16, paragraph (1) (c), relating to the recognition of or entry into any relations with Israel. rights arising upon the dissolution of marriage with regard to maintenance and compensation; 4. Article 16, paragraph (1) (d) and (g). IRELAND28 KUWAIT31,68 Reservations: .... Reservations: Articles 16, 1 (d) and (f) ... Ireland is of the view that the attainment in Ireland of 2. Article 9, paragraph 2 the objectives of the Convention does not necessitate the The Government of Kuwait reserves its right not to extension to men of rights identical to those accorded by implement the provision contained in article 9, paragraph law to women in respect of the guardianship, adoption 2, of the Convention, inasmuch as it runs counter to the and custody of children born out of wedlock and reserves Kuwaiti Nationality Act, which stipulates that a child's the right to implement the Convention subject to that nationality shall be determined by that of his father. understanding. 3. Article 16 (f) Articles 11 (1) and 13 (a) The Government of the State of Kuwait declares that it Ireland reserves the right to regard the Anti- does not consider itself bound by the provision contained Discrimination (Pay) Act, 1974 and the Employment in article 16 (f) inasmuch as it conflicts with the Equality Act 1977 and other measures taken in provisions of the Islamic Shariah , Islam being the implementation of the European Economic Community official religion of the State. standards concerning employment opportunities and pay 4. The Government of Kuwait declares that it is not as sufficient implementation of articles 11,1 (b), (c) and bound by the provision contained in article 29, paragraph (d). 1. Ireland reserves the right for the time being to maintain provisions of Irish legislation in the area of LEBANON19 social security which are more favourable to women than men. Reservations: The Government of the Lebanese Republic enters ISRAEL reservations regarding article 9 (2), and article 16 (1) (c) (d) (f) and (g) (regarding the right to choose a family Reservations: name). "1. The State of Israel hereby expresses its In accordance with paragraph 2 of article 29, the reservation with regard to article 7 (b) of the Convention Government of the Lebanese Republic declares that it concerning the appointment of women to serve as judges does not consider itself bound by the provisions of of religious courts where this is prohibited by the laws of paragraph 1 of that article. any of the religious communities in Israel. Otherwise, the said article is fully implemented in Israel, in view of the LESOTHO31,32 fact that women take a prominent part in all aspect of public life. Reservation: "2. The State of Israel hereby expresses its "The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho declares reservation with regard to article 16 of the Convention, to that it does not consider itself bound by article 2 to the IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 6
  • 7. extent that it conflicts with Lesotho's constitutional circumstances, the income of a married woman to be the stipulations relative to succession to the throne of the income of her husband and taxable as such. Kingdom of Lesotho and law relating to succession to (ii) The Government of Malta reserves the right to chieftainship.” continue to apply its social security legislation which in certain circumstances makes certain benefits payable to LIBYA33 the head of the household which is, by such legislation, presumed to be the husband. Reservation: "C. Articles 13, 15, 16 1. Article 2 of the Convention shall be While the Government of Malta is committed to implemented with due regard for the peremptory norms of remove, in as far as possible, all aspects of family and the Islamic Shariah relating to determination of the property law which may be considered as discriminatory inheritance portions of the estate of a deceased person, to females, it reserves the right to continue to apply whether female or male. present legislation in that regard until such time as the law 2. The implementation of paragraph 16 (c) and (d) is reformed and during such transitory period until those of the Convention shall be without prejudice to any of the laws are completely superseded. rights guaranteed to women by the Islamic Shariah . "D. Article 16 The Government of Malta does not consider itself bound by sub-paragraph (e) of paragraph (1) of article 16 LIECHTENSTEIN34 in so far as the same may be interpreted as imposing an Reservation concerning article 1: obligation on Malta to legalize abortion." "In the light of the definition given in article 1 of the MAURITANIA39 Convention, the Principality of Liechtenstein reserves the right to apply, with respect to all the obligations of the Reservation: Convention, article 3 of the Liechtenstein Constitution." Having seen and examined the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, adopted by the United LUXEMBOURG69 Nations General Assembly on 18 December 1979, have MALAWI35 approved and do approve it in each and every one of its parts which are not contrary to Islamic Sharia and are in MALAYSIA31,36,56,70 accordance with our Constitution. <title>Reservations:</title> ... The Government of Malaysia declares that Malaysia’s MAURITIUS40 accession is subject to the understanding that the Reservation: provisions of the Convention do not conflict with the "The Government of Mauritius does not consider itself provisions of the Islamic Sharia’ law and the Federal bound by paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention, in Constitution of Malaysia. With regard thereto, further, pursuance of paragraph 2 of article 29." the Government of Malaysia does not consider itself bound by the provisions of articles 9 (2), 16 (1) (a), 16 (1) (f) and 16 (1) (g) of the aforesaid Convention. MEXICO <title>Declaration :</title>In relation to article 11 of the Convention, Malaysia interprets the Upon signature: provisions of this article as a reference to the prohibition Declaration: of discrimination on the basis of equality between men In signing ad referendum the Convention on the and women only.” Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which the General Assembly opened for MALDIVES31,37,38 signature by States on 18 December 1979, the 23 June 1999 Government of the United Mexican States wishes to place on record that it is doing so on the understanding that the Reservations: provisions of the said Convention, which agree in all “... 2. The Government of the Republic of Maldives essentials with the provisions of Mexican legislation, will reserves its right to apply article 16 of the Convention be applied in Mexico in accordance with the modalities concerning the equality of men and women in all matters and procedures prescribed by Mexican legislation and that relating to marriage and family relations without the granting of material benefits in pursuance of the prejudice to the provisions of the Islamic Sharia, which Convention will be as generous as the resources available govern all marital and family relations of the 100 percent to the Mexican State permit. Muslim population of the Maldives." MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF)71 MALTA Reservations: Reservations: "1. The Government of the Federated States of "A. Article 11 Micronesia advises that it is not at present in a position to The Government of Malta interprets paragraph 1 of take the measures either required by Article 11 (1) (d) of article II, in the light of provisions of paragraph 2 of the Convention to enact comparable worth legislation, or article 4, as not precluding prohibitions, restrictions, or by Article 11 (2) (b) to enact maternity leave with pay or conditions on the employment of women in certain areas, with comparable social benefits throughout the nation; or the work done by them, where this is considered 2. The Government of the Federated States of necessary or desirable to protect the health and safety of Micronesia, in its capacity as trustee of the heritage of women or the human foetus, including such prohibitions, diversity within its States under Article V of its restrictions or conditions imposed in consequence of other Constitution, reserves the right not to apply the provisions international obligations of Malta. of Articles 2 (f), 5, and 16 to the succession of certain "B. Article 13 well-established traditional titles, and to marital customs (i) The Government of Malta reserves the right, that divide tasks or decision-making in purely voluntary notwithstanding anything in the Convention, to continue or consensual private conduct; and to apply its tax legislation which deems, in certain IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 7
  • 8. 3. The Government of the Federated States of The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco declares Micronesia does not consider itself bound by the that it can only be bound by the provisions of this provisions of Article 29 (1) of the Convention, and takes paragraph, in particular those relating to the right of the position that any dispute relating to the interpretation women to choose their residence and domicile, to the or application of the Convention may only be submitted extent that they are not incompatible with articles 34 and to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice with 36 of the Moroccan Code of Personal Status. the agreement of all parties to the dispute." Reservations: 3. With regard to article 29: MONACO The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco does not consider itself bound by the first paragraph of this article, Declarations: which provides that any dispute between two or more 1. The implementation of the Convention on the States Parties concerning the interpretation or application Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against of the present Convention which is not settled by Women does not affect the validity of conventions negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be concluded with France. submitted to arbitration. 2. The Principality of Monaco deems that the aims The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco is of the of the Convention are to eliminate all forms of view that any dispute of this kind can only be referred to discrimination against women and to guarantee every arbitration by agreement of all the parties to the dispute. individual, irrespective of gender, equality before the law, when the aforementioned aims are in line with the MYANMAR principles stipulated in the Constitution. 3. The Principality of Monaco declares that no Reservation: provision in the Convention can be interpreted as Article 29 impeding the provisions of the laws and regulations of "[The Government of Myanmar] does not consider Monaco that are more favourable to women than to men. itself bound by the provision set forth in the said article." Reservations: 1. The ratification of the Convention by the Principality of Monaco shall have no effect on the NETHERLANDS constitutional provisions governing the succession to the Declaration: throne. 2. The Principality of Monaco reserves the right not "During the preparatory stages of the present to apply the provisions of Article 7, paragraph b, of the Convention and in the course of debates on it in the Convention regarding recruitment to the police force. General Assembly the position of the Government of the 3. The Principality of Monaco does not consider Kingdom of the Netherlands was that it was not desirable itself bound by the provisions of Article 9 which are not to introduce political considerations such as those compatible with its nationality laws. contained in paragraphs 10 and 11 of the preamble in a 4. The Principality of Monaco does not consider legal instrument of this nature. Moreover, the itself bound by Article 16, paragraph 1 (g), regarding the considerations are not directly related to the achievement right to choose one's surname. of total equality between men and women. The 5. The Principality of Monaco does not consider Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands considers itself bound by Article 16, paragraph 1 (e), to the extent that it must recall its objections to the said paragraphs in that the latter can be interpreted as forcing the legalization the preamble at this occasion." of abortion or sterilization. NEW ZEALAND44,45,46 6. The Principality of Monaco reserves the right to continue to apply its social security laws which, in certain Reservation: circumstances, envisage the payment of certain benefits to ... the head of the household who, according to this "The Government of the Cook Islands reserves the legislation, is presumed to be the husband. right not to apply article 2 (f) and article 5 (a) to the 7. The Principality of Monaco declares, in extent that the customs governing the inheritance of conformity with the provisions of Article 29, paragraph 2, certain Cook Islands chief titles may be inconsistent with that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of those provisions." the first paragraph of this article. NIGER49 MONGOLIA41 Reservations: MOROCCO72 Article 2, paragraphs (d) and (f) The Government of the Republic of the Niger Declarations: expresses reservations with regard to article 2, paragraphs 1. With regard to article 2: (d) and (f), concerning the taking of all appropriate The Government of the Kingdom of Morocco express measures to abolish all customs and practices which its readiness to apply the provisions of this article constitute discrimination against women, particularly in provided that: respect of succession. - They are without prejudice to the constitutional Article 5, paragraph (a) requirement that regulate the rules of succession to the The Government of the Republic of the Niger throne of the Kingdom of Morocco; expresses reservations with regard to the modification of - They do not conflict with the provisions of the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and Islamic Shariah. It should be noted that certain of the women. provisions contained in the Moroccan Code of Personal Article 15, paragraph 4 Status according women rights that differ from the rights The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares conferred on men may not be infringed upon or abrogated that it can be bound by the provisions of this paragraph, because they derive primarily from the Islamic Shariah, particularly those concerning the right of women to which strives, among its other objectives, to strike a choose their residence and domicile, only to the extent balance between the spouses in order to preserve the that these provisions refer only to unmarried women. coherence of family life. Article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (e) and (g) 2. With regard to article 15, paragraph 4: IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 8
  • 9. The Government of the Republic of the Niger 1. Article 2 (a) in connection with the rules of the expresses reservations concerning the above-referenced hereditary transmission of authority, as it is inconsistent provisions of article 16, particularly those concerning the with the provisions of article 8 of the Constitution. same rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its 2. Article 9, paragraph 2, as it is inconsistent with dissolution, the same rights to decide freely and Qatar’s law on citizenship. responsibly on the number and spacing of their children, 3. Article 15, paragraph 1, in connection with matters and the right to choose a family name. of inheritance and testimony, as it is inconsistent with the The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares provisions of Islamic law. that the provisions of article 2, paragraphs (d) and (f), 4. Article 15, paragraph 4, as it is inconsistent with the article 5, paragraphs (a) and (b), article 15, paragraph 4, provisions of family law and established practice. and article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (e) and (g), concerning 5. Article 16, paragraph 1 (a) and (c), as they are family relations, cannot be applied immediately, as they inconsistent with the provisions of Islamic law. are contrary to existing customs and practices which, by 6. Article 16, paragraph 1 (f), as it is inconsistent with their nature, can be modified only with the passage of the provisions of Islamic law and family law. The State of time and the evolution of society and cannot, therefore, be Qatar declares that all of its relevant national legislation is abolished by an act of authority. conducive to the interest of promoting social solidarity. Article 29 ... The Government of the Republic of the Niger 3. In accordance with article 29, paragraph 2, of the expresses a reservation concerning article 29, paragraph Convention, the State of Qatar declares, under the terms 1, which provides that any dispute between two or more of that text, that it does not consider itself bound by States concerning the interpretation or application of the paragraph 1 of that article. present Convention which is not settled by negotiation Declaration: shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to 1. The Government of the State of Qatar accepts the arbitration. text of article 1 of the Convention provided that, in In the view of the Government of the Niger, a dispute accordance with the provisions of Islamic law and Qatari of this nature can be submitted to arbitration only with the legislation, the phrase “irrespective of their marital status” consent of all the parties to the dispute. is not intended to encourage family relationships outside Declaration legitimate marriage. It reserves the right to implement the The Government of the Republic of the Niger declares Convention in accordance with this understanding. that the term "family education" which appears in article 2. The State of Qatar declares that the question of the 5, paragraph (b), of the Convention should be interpreted modification of “patterns” referred to in article 5 (a) must as referring to public education concerning the family, not be understood as encouraging women to abandon their and that in any event, article 5 would be applied in role as mothers and their role in child-rearing, thereby compliance with article 17 of the International Covenant undermining the structure of the family. on Civil and Political Rights. REPUBLIC OF KOREA52 OMAN Upon signature: Reservations: Reservation: 1. All provisions of the Convention not in "1. The Government of the Republic of Korea does not accordance with the provisions of the Islamic sharia and consider itself bound by the provisions of article 9 of the legislation in force in the Sultanate of Oman; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of 2. Article 9, paragraph 2, which provides that States Discrimination against Women of 1979. Parties shall grant women equal rights with men with "2. Bearing in mind the fundamental principles as respect to the nationality of their children; embodied in the said Convention, the Government of the 3. Article 15, paragraph 4, which provides that Republic of Korea has recently established the Korea States Parties shall accord to men and women the same Women's welfare and social activities. A committee under rights with regard to the law relating to the movement of the chairmanship of the prime minister will shortly be set persons and the freedom to choose their residence and up to consider and coordinate overall policies on women. domicile; "3. The Government of the Republic of Korea will 4. Article 16, regarding the equality of men and make continued efforts to take further measures in line women, and in particular subparagraphs (a), (c), and (f) with the provisions stipulated in the Convention." (regarding adoption). Upon ratification: 5. The Sultanate is not bound by article 29, Reservation: paragraph 1, regarding arbitration and the referral to the "The Government of the Republic of Korea, having International Court of Justice of any dispute between two examined the said Convention, hereby ratifies the or more States which is not settled by negotiation. Convention considering itself not bound by the provisions of [...] sub-paragraph [...] (g) of paragraph 1 of Article 16 PAKISTAN31,51,57 of the Convention." ROMANIA53 Declaration: "The accession by [the] Government of the Islamic RUSSIAN FEDERATION54 Republic of Pakistan to the [said Convention] is subject to the provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic SAUDI ARABIA of Pakistan." Reservations: Reservation: “1. In case of contradiction between any term of the "The Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Convention and the norms of islamic law, the Kingdom is declares that it does not consider itself bound by not under obligation to observe the contradictory terms of paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention." the Convention. 2. The Kingdom does not consider itself bound by POLAND50 paragraphe 2 of article 9 of the Convention and paragraph 1 of article 29 of the Convention.” QATAR73 Reservations: IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 9
  • 10. SINGAPORE31,55,57,74 THAILAND59 Reservations: Declaration: (1) In the context of Singapore's multiracial and The Royal Thai Government wishes to express its multi-religious society and the need to respect the understanding that the purposes of the Convention are to freedom of minorities to practice their religious and eliminate discrimination against women and to accord to personal laws, the Republic of Singapore reserves the every person, men and women alike, equality before the right not to apply the provisions of articles 2, paragraphs law, and are in accordance with the principles prescribed (a) to (f), and article 16, paragraphs 1(a), 1(c), 1(h), and by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand. article 16, paragraph 2, where compliance with these Reservations: provisions would be contrary to their religious or personal ..... laws. 3. The Royal Thai Government does not consider (2) [...] itself bound by the provisions of [...] article 16 and article (3) Singapore interprets article 11, paragraph 1 in 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention. the light of the provisions of article 4, paragraph 2 as not precluding prohibitions, restrictions or conditions on the employment of women in certain areas, or on work done TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO by them where this is considered necessary or desirable to Reservation made upon signature and confirmed upon protect the health and safety of women or the human foetus, including such prohibitions, restrictions or ratification: conditions imposed in consequence of other international "The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago declares that it obligations of Singapore and considers that legislation in does not consider itself bound by article 29 (1) of the said respect of article 11 is unnecessary for the minority of Convention, relating to the settlement of disputes." women who do not fall within the ambit of Singapore's employmentlegislation. TUNISIA (4) The Republic of Singapore declares, in pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention 1. General declaration: that it will not be bound by the provisions of article 29, The Tunisian Government declares that it shall not paragraph 1. take any organizational or legislative decision in SLOVAKIA17 conformity with the requirements of this Convention where such a decision would conflict with the provisions SPAIN of chapter I of the Tunisian Constitution. 2. Reservation concerning article 9, paragraph 2: Declaration: The Tunisian Government expresses its reservation The ratification of the Convention by Spain shall not with regard to the provisions in article 9, paragraph 2 of affect the constitutional provisions concerning succession the Convention, which must not conflict with the to the Spanish crown. provisions of chapter VI of the Tunisian Nationality Code. SWITZERLAND58 3. Reservation concerning article 16, paragraphs (c), (d), ..... (f), (g) and (h): (b) Reservation concerning article 16, paragraph 1 (g): The Tunisian Government considers itself not bound Said provision shall be applied subject to the by article 16, paragraphs (c), (d) and (f) of the Convention regulations on family name (Civil Code, article 160 and and declares that paragraphs (g) and (h) of that article article 8 (a), final section); must not conflict with the provisions of the Personal Status Code concerning the granting of family names to (c) Reservation concerning article 15, paragraph 2, and children and the acquisition of property through article 16, paragraph 1 (h): inheritance. Said provisions shall be applied subject to several 4. Reservation concerning article 29, paragraph 1: interim provisions of the matrimonial regime (Civil Code, The Tunisian Government declares, in conformity articles 9 (e) and 10, final section). with the requirements of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Convention, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC paragraph 1 of that article which specify that any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the Reservation: interpretation or application of the present Convention ..... subject to reservations to article 2; article 9, which is not settled by negotiation shall be referred to the paragraph 2, concerning the grant of a woman's International Court of Justice at the request of any one of nationality to her children; article 15, paragraph 4, those parties. concerning freedom of movement and of residence and The Tunisian Government considers that such disputes domicile; article 16, paragraph 1 (c), (d), (f) and (g), should be submitted for arbitration or consideration by the concerning equal rights and responsibilities during International Court of Justice only with the consent of all marriage and at its dissolution with regard to parties to the dispute. guardianship, the right to choose a family name, 5. Declaration concerning article 15, paragraph4: maintenance and adoption; article 16, paragraph 2, In accordance with the provisions of the Vienna concerning the legal effect of the betrothal and the Convention on the Law of Treaties, dated 23 May 1969, marriage of a child, inasmuch as this provision is the Tunisian Government emphasizes that the incompatible with the provisions of the Islamic Shariah; requirements of article 15, paragraph 4, of the Convention and article 29, paragraph 1, concerning arbitration on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against between States in the event of a dispute. Women, and particularly that part relating to the right of The accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to this women to choose their residence and domicile, must not Convention shall in no way signify recognition of Israel be interpreted in a manner which conflicts with the or entail entry into any dealings with Israel in the context provisions of the Personal Status Code on this subject, as of the provisions of the Convention.. set forth in chapters 23 and 61 of the Code. IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 10
  • 11. TURKEY75 intention to make certain reservations and declarations upon ratification of the Convention. Reservations: Upon ratification: " With respect to article 29, paragraph 1 "A. On behalf of the United Kingdom of Great In pursuance of article 29, paragraph 2 of the Britain and Northern Ireland: Convention, the Government of the Republic of Turkey (a) The United Kingdom understands the main declares that it does not consider itself bound by purpose of the Convention, in the light of the definition paragraph 1 of this article." contained in Article 1, to be the reduction, in accordance [.....] with its terms, of discrimination against women, and does UKRAINE54 not therefore regard the Convention as imposing any requirement to repeal or modify any existing laws, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES60 regulations, customs or practices which provide for women to be treated more favourably than men, whether Reservations: temporarily or in the longer term; the United Kingdom's The United Arab Emirates makes reservations to undertakings under Article 4, paragraph 1, and other articles 2 (f), 9, 15 (2), 16 and 29 (1) of the Convention, provisions of the Convention are to be construed as follows: accordingly." Article 2 (f) ... The United Arab Emirates, being of the opinion that (c) In the light of the definition contained in Article this paragraph violates the rules of inheritance established 1, the United Kingdom's ratification is subject to the in accordance with the precepts of the Shariah, makes a understanding that none of its obligations under the reservation thereto and does not consider itself bound by Convention shall be treated as extending to the succession the provisions thereof. to, or possession and enjoyment of, the Throne, the Article 9 peerage, titles of honour, social precedence or armorial The United Arab Emirates, considering the acquisition bearings, or as extending to the affairs of religious of nationality an internal matter which is governed, and denominations or orders or any act done for the purpose the conditions and controls of which are established, by of ensuring the combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces national legislation makes a reservation to this article and of the Crown." does not consider itself bound by the provisions thereof. ... Article 15 (2) "Article 9 The United Arab Emirates, considering this paragraph The British Nationality Act 1981, which was brought in conflict with the precepts of the Shariah regarding legal into force with effect from January 1983, is based on capacity, testimony and the right to conclude contracts, principles which do not allow of any discrimination makes a reservation to the said paragraph of the said against women within the meaning of Article 1 as regards article and does not consider itself bound by the acquisition, change or retention of their nationality or as provisions thereof. regards the nationality of theirchildren. The United Article 16 Kingdom's acceptance of Article 9 shall not, how ever, be The United Arab Emirates will abide by the provisions taken to invalidate the continuation of certain temporary of this article insofar as they are not in conflict with the or transitional provisions which will ctinue in force principles of the Shariah. The United Arab Emirates beyond that date." considers that the payment of a dower and of support after ... divorce is an obligation of the husband, and the husband "Article 11 has the right to divorce, just as the wife has her ... independent financial security and her full rights to her "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply all property and is not required to pay her husband's or her United Kingdom legislation and the rules of pension own expenses out of her own property. The Shariah schemes affecting retirement pensions, survivors' benefits makes a woman's right to divorce conditional on a judicial and other benefits in relation to death or retirement decision, in a case in which she has been harmed. (including retirement on grounds of redundancy), whether Article 29 (1) or not derived from a Social Security scheme." The United Arab Emirates appreciates and respects the "This reservation will apply equally to any future functions of this article, which provides: legislation which may modify or replace such legislation, "Any dispute between two or more States Parties or the rules of pension schemes, on the understanding that concerning the interpretation or application of the present the terms of such legislation will be compatible with the Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at United Kingdom's obligations under the Convention." the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply the within six months...the parties are unable..." [any one of following provisions of United Kingdom legislation those parties] "may refer the dispute to the International concerning the benefits specified: Court of Justice..." This article, however, violates the ... general principle that matters are submitted to an b) increases of benefits for adult dependants under arbitration panel by agreement between the parties. In sections 44 to 47, 49 and 66 of the Social Security Act addition, it might provide an opening for certain States to 1975 and under sections 44 to 47, 49 and 66 of the Social bring other States to trial in defence of their nationals; the Security (Northern Ireland) Act 1975; case might then be referred to the committee charged with ... discussing the State reports required by the Convention The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply any and a decision might be handed down against the State in non-discriminatory requirement for a qualifying period of question for violating the provisions of the Convention. employment or insurance for the application of the For these reasons the United Arab Emirates makes a provisions contained in Article 11 (2)." reservation to this article and does not consider itself "Article 15 bound by the provisions thereof. ... UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN "In relation to Article 15, paragraph 3, the United IRELAND61,62 Kingdom understands the intention of this provision to be that only those terms or elements of a contract or other Upon signature: private instrument which are discriminatory in the sense "The Government of the United Kingdom of Great described are to be deemed null and void, but not Britain and Northern Ireland declare that it is their necessarily the contract or instrument as a whole." IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 11
  • 12. "Article 16 b) increases of benefit for adult dependants; As regards sub-paragraph 1 (f) of Article 16, the c) retirement pensions and survivors' benefits; United Kingdom does not regard the reference to the d) family income supplements. paramountcy of the interests of the children as being "This reservation will apply equally to any future directly relevant to the elimination of discrimination legislation which may modify or replace any of the against women, and declares in this connection that the provisions specified in sub-paragraphs (a) to (d) above, on legislation of the United Kingdom regulating adoption, the understanding that the terms of such legislation will while giving a principal position to the promotion of the be compatible with the United Kingdom's obligations children's welfare, does not give to the child's interests the under the Convention." same paramount place as in issues concerning custody "The United Kingdom reserves the right to apply any over children." non-discriminatory requirement for a qualifying period of ... employment or insurance for the application of the "B. On behalf of the Isle of Man, the British Virgin provisions contained in Article 11 (2)." Islands, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the Article 13, 15 and 16 South Sandwich Islands, and the Turks and Caicos [Same reservations as those made on behalf the United Islands: Kingdom.] [Same reservations as the one made on behalf of the VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF) United Kingdom under paragraphs A (a), (c), and (d) except that in the of case d) it applies to the territories and Reservation made upon ratification confirming in their laws).] substance the reservation made upon signature: Article 1 Venezuela makes a formal reservation with regard to [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the article 29, paragraph 1, of the Convention, since it does United Kingdom except with regard to the absence of a not accept arbitration or the jurisdiction of the reference to United Kingdom legislation.] International Court of Justice for the settlement of Article 2 disputes concerning the interpretation or application of [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the this Convention. United Kingdom except that reference is made to the laws of the territories, and not the laws of the United Kingdom.] VIET NAM Article 9 [Same reservation as the one made in respect of the Reservation: United Kingdom.] In implementing this Convention, the Socialist Article 11 Republic of Viet Nam will not be bound by the provisions [Same reservation as those made in respect of the of paragraph 1 article 29. United Kingdom except that a reference is made to the laws of the territories, and not to the laws of the United YEMEN64 Kingdom.] "Also, as far as the territories are concerned, the The Government of the People's Democratic Republic specific benefits listed and which may be applied under of Yemen declares that it does not consider itself bound the provisions of these territories' legislation are as by article 29, paragraph 1, of the said Convention, relating follows: to the settlement of disputes which may arise concerning a) social security benefits for persons engaged in the application or interpretation of the Convention. caring for a severely disabled person; Objections (Unless otherwise indicated, the objections were made upon ratification, accession or succession.) AUSTRIA Convention, essential for the fulfillment of its object and purpose. 26 October 1994 It is in the common interests of States that treaties to With regard to the reservations made by Maldives upon which they have chosen to become Parties are respected, as to their object and purpose, by all Parties and that accession: States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes "The reservation made by the Maldives is necessary to comply with their obligations under the incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaties. Convention and is therefore inadmissible under article 19 Austria is further of the view that a general reservation (c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and of the kind made by the Government of the Islamic shall not be permitted, in accordance with article 28 (2) of Republic of Pakistan, which does not clearly specify the the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of provisions of the Convention to which it applies and the Discrimination Against Women. Austria therefore states extent of the derogation therefrom, contributes to that this reservation cannot alter or modify in any respect undermining the basis of international treaty law. the obligations arising from the Convention for any State Given the general character of this reservation a final Party thereto." assessment as to its admissibility under international law 5 June 1997 cannot be made without further clarification. With regard to the declaration made by Pakistan upon According to international law a reservation is inadmissible to the extent as its application negatively accession: affects the compliance by a State with its obligations "Austria is of the view that a reservation by which a under the Convention essential for the fulfillment of its State limits its responsibilities under the Convention in a object and purpose. general and unspecified manner by invoking internal law Therefore, Austria cannot consider the reservation creates doubts as to the commitment of the Islamic made by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Republic of Pakistan with its obligations under the Pakistan as admissible unless the Government of the IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 12
  • 13. Islamic Republic of Pakistan, by providing additional This position, however, does not preclude the entry information or through subsequent practice, ensures that into force in its entirety of the Convention between the the reservation is compatible with the provisions essential Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Austria." for the implementation of the object and purpose of the 13 February 2002 Convention. With regard to the reservation made by Mauritania upon This view by Austria would not preclude the entry into force in its entirety of the Convention between Pakistan accession: and Austria." "The Government of Austria has examined the 20 February 1998 reservation to the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women made by the With regard to reservations made by Lebanon upon Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania in its accession: note to the Secretary-General of 5 June 2001. [Same objection, mutatis mutandis, as the one made The Government of Austria considers that, in the for Pakistan.] absence of further clarification, this reservation raises 21 August 2001 doubts as to the degree of commitment assumed by With regard to reservations made by Saudi Arabia upon Mauritania in becoming a party to the Convention since it refers to the contents of Islamic Sharia and to existing ratification: national legislation in Mauritania. The Government of "Austria has examined the reservations to the Austria would like to recall that, according to art. 28 (2) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of of the Convention as well as customary international law Discrimination against Women made by the Government as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in its note to the Treaties, a reservation incompatible with the object and Secretary-General of 7 September 2000. purpose of a treaty shall not be permitted. The fact that the reservation concerning any It is in the common interest of States that treaties to interpretation of the provisions of the Convention that is which they have chosen to become parties are respected incompatible with the norms of Islamic law does not as to their object and purpose, by all parties, and that clearly specify the provisions of the Convention to which States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes it applies and the extent of the derogation therefrom raises necessary to comply with their obligations under the doubts as to the commitment of the Kingdom of Saudi treaties. Arabia to the Convention. For these reasons, the Government of Austria objects Given the general character of this reservation a final to this reservation made by the Government of assessment as to its admissibility under international law Mauritania. cannot be made without further clarification. Until the This position, however, does not preclude the entry scope of the legal effects of this reservation is sufficiently into force in its entirety of the Convention between specified by the Government of Saudi Arabia, Austria Mauritania and Austria." considers the reservation as not affecting any provision 31 March 2003 the implementation of which is essential to fulfilling the object and purpose of the Convention. In Austria's view, With regard to the reservation made by Bahrain upon however, the reservation in question is inadmissible to the accession: extent that its application negatively affects the "The Government of Austria has examined the compliance by Saudi Arabia with its obligations under the reservation to the Convention on the Elimination of all Convention essential for the fulfilment of its object and forms of Discrimination against Women made by the purpose. Austria does not consider the reservation made Government of the Kingdom of Bahrain in its note to the by the Government of Saudi Arabia as admissible unless Secretary-General of 18 June 2002, regarding articles 2, the Government of Saudi Arabia, by providing additional 9(2), 15(4) and 16. information or through subsequent practice, ensures that The reservation to articles 9(2) and 15(4), if put into the reservation is compatible with the provisions essential practice, would inevitably result in discrimination against for the implementation of the object and purpose of the women on the basis of sex. This is contrary to the object Convention. and purpose of the Convention. As to the reservation to Paragraph 2 of Article 9 of the The Government of Austria further considers that, in Convention Austria is of the view that the exclusion of the absence of further clarification, the reservation to such an important provision of non-discrimination is not articles 2 and 16 which does not clearly specify the extent compatible with object and purpose of the Convention. of Bahrain's derogation from the provisions in question Austria therefore objects to this reservation. raises doubts as to the degree of commitment assumed by This position, however, does not preclude the entry Bahrain in becoming a party to the Convention since it into force in its entirety of the Convention between Saudi refers to the contents of Islamic Sharia. Arabia and Austria." The Government of Austria would like to recall that, With regard to reservations made by the Democcratic according to art. 28(2) of the Convention as well as Republic of Korea upon accession: customary international law as codified in the Vienna "Austria has examined the reservations to the Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty shall Discrimination against Women made by the Government not be permitted. of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in its note It is in the common interest of States that treaties to to the Secretary General of 27 February 2001. which they have chosen to become parties are respected Taking into consideration that according to Paragraph as to their object and purpose, by all parties, and that 2 of Article 28 of the Convention, reservations which are States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes incompatible with the objective and purpose of the necessary to comply with their obligations under the Convention are not acceptable, Austria objects to the treaties. reservations in respect of Paragraph f of Article 2 and For these reasons, the Government of Austria objects Paragraph 2 of Article 9. to this reservation made by the Government of Bahrain. Both Paragraphs refer to basic aspects of the This position, however, does not preclude the entry Convention, that are legislation to abolish existing into force in its entirety of the Convention between discrimination against women and a specific form of Bahrain and Austria." discrimination, such as the nationality of children. 14 August 2003 IV 8. HUMAN RIGHTS 13