Presented by Philip Osano at the BEST Project Policy Maker, Practitioner, Community User and Researcher Workshop, Nairobi, 13 August 2013

1. Pastoralism, payments for ecosystem
services (PES) and ecosystem-based
adaptation
Philip Osano
BEST Project Policy Maker, Practitioner, Community User and Researcher
Workshop, Nairobi, 13 August 2013

2. Presentation Outline
1.Background – Analytical Framework
2.Study Sites in southern Kenya Drylands
3.Drought Assessment
4.PES Effect in relation to 2008-09
Drought: Coping Strategies
5. Synergies and Trade-offs

3. Conservancy effects and Coping and Risk
mitigation
1.AnalyitcalFramework

4. 2.StudySites

5. 2.StudySites
Site Kitengela Mara Ol Kiramatian
Conservancy/
PES program
The Wildlife
Conservation
Lease (WLP)
Olare Orok and
Naboisho
Conservancies
Ol Kiramatian
Conservancy
Conservancy area
(ha, 2010)
16,700 30,666a 21,612
Protected area Maasai Mara
National Reserve
n/a
Rainfall (mm.yr-1) 370-800
(bimodal)
877 - 1341
(bimodal)
350-600 (bimodal)
Land Tenure Private Private Communal
PES Landuse
regulations
Restrictions on
land sale,
subdivision,
fencing and
cropping
Restriction on land
sales, settlements,
livestock grazing
Land use zonation
(irrigated crops,
wildlife and grazing)
Conservancy
funding model
Public funding
(Direct
payments)
Market (Direct
payment)
Market (Indirect
payment)
Characterisation of Study Sites

6. 3.DroughtAssessment
Findings in 3 study sites
• Differences in the occurrence, frequency and intensity of
droughts in the two study sites
• Extreme and severe droughts are increasing but are
localised in the two study sites
• The 2008-2009 drought was Severe in both study sites

7. 3.DroughtAssessment
Kitengela

8. 3.DroughtAssessment
Maasai Mara

9. 3.DroughtAssessment
Ol Kiramatian

10. 4.PESEffectsinrelationto2008-09
Drought Olare Orok and Kitengela PES Schemes

11. 4.PESEffectsinrelationto2008-09
Drought Olare Orok and Kitengela PES Schemes
8
1 2
80
2 1
3 2
37
0
11
19 17
15
1 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Basic
needs
Purchase
of water
Human
health
Education Veterinary
expenses
Purchase
of livestock
Hay/lease
of grazing
land
Other
expenses
ExpenditureonPESIncome(%)
WLP 2009
OOC 2009
37%
30%
33% Basic Needs
Human Capital
Livestock and Products
OOC
BASIC
NEEDS
HUMAN
CAPITAL
LIVESTOCK
AND
PRODUCTS

12. 5.SynergiesandTrade-Offs
Interactions in PES rules and Coping
Strategies
Conservancy effect Income Land Management Ecosystem Services
Wildlife Biomass
Site/Coping
strategy
Mara
Mobility +/- +/- ++
Diversification +/- +/- ++ ++
Water infrastructure ++
Land markets +/- +/-
Kitengela
Mobility ++ +/- ++
Diversification +/- +/- ++ ++
Water infrastructurea ++
Land markets +/- +/-
Ol Kiramatian
Mobility ++ +/- ++
Diversification ++ ++ ++ ++
Water infrastructure ++
Land markets ++ +/-
Notes: ++: synergies; +/-: synergy and trade-offs; --: trade-offs

13. 5.SynergiesandTrade-Offs
Synergy: Fencing and mobility

14. Thank YOU ALL