Overview of livestock feed supply in ethiopia

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Presented by Adugna Tolera at the Inception workshop for the ‘Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia’ project, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012

Tecnologia Negócios

Overview of Livestock Feed Subsector in Ethiopia Presented by Adugna Tolera (Hawassa University) at the Inception meeting for the ‘ Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia ’ project ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012

Background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Feed related challenges of livestock production 1. Shortage of feeds 2. Seasonality

Potential feed resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Potential feed resources (cont…) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Natural pastures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Shrinkage of grazing land due to expansion of cropping

Grass hay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crop residues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Maize ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cultivated forages and pastures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some cultivated forages species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agro-industrial byproducts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agro-industrial byproducts (Cont…..) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Other feeds derived from cropping systems

A sandabo weed seed being harvested for feed at Hunte farm of Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise

Nutritive value of Asandabo weed seed Component Mean Range Dry matter (%) 94.7 94.4-95.1 Ash (% DM) 5.8 3.2-9.1 Crude protein (% DM) 13.3 12.1-14.1 Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) 22.1 19.1-25.6 Acid detergent fiber (% DM) 8.6 6.1-10.7 In vitro OM digestibility (%) 79.5 77.7-81.0

Feed resources used for backyard cattle fattening Wolayta Arsi-Negelle Hararghe Crop residues Areqe atella Thinning of maize and sorghum Cut-and-carry grass Wheat straw Leaf stripping of maize and sorghum Boiled maize & haricot bean grain Wheat bran Weeds and grasses from crop fields Thinning or whole crop maize Oil seed cake (esp. linseed cake) Agricultural by-products like sweet potato vines Sweet potato vines and tuber Enset Household wastes (atella & coffee residue)

Feed industries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Challenges of livestock feed supply

Feed price trends over the last few years

How can the problems be addressed? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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EVALUATION OF FEED FOR ENERGY FOR RUMINANTS AND NON-RUMINANTS Dr. Abhishek Sharma Evaluation of feeds is concerned with the assessment of the quantities in which nutrients are supplied by feeds as well as the assessment of the quantities in which they are required by different classes of farm animals. The major organic nutrients i.e. energy and protein are required by animals as materials for the construction of body tissues, the synthesis of milk and eggs and for work production. A unifying feature of these diverse functions is that they all involve a transfer of energy from chemical energy to heat energy (when nutrients are oxidized) or when chemical energy is converted from one form to another (when body fat is synthesized from carbohydrate). The ability of a feed to supply energy is therefore of great importance in determining its nutritive value EVALUATION OF FEED FOR ENERGY FORM OF ENERGY- The original source of energy, the sun, or solar energy is stored in plants in the form of carbohydrates, lipids and protein through photosynthesis. This stored chemical energy becomes available to man and animals. Definition of Energy- Energy is defined as the capacity to do work. As we know, heat is measurement in some units know as calories. According to the first law of thermodynamics all forms of energy can be quantitatively converted into heat energy. It is convenient to express heat energy in the body as heat units. Basic Terms Calorie (cal): A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water to 10C ( from 14.5°C to 15.5°C). *1 Cal= 4.184 Joule * 1 joule = 0.239 calories Kilo calorie (Kcal): A kilo calorie is the heat required to raise temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. A kilo calorie is equal to 1000 calories. Mega calorie (Mcal): A mega calorie is equivalent to 1000 Kcal or Therm. But Mcal is the preferred term. British Thermal Unit (BTU): A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise 1 lb of water by 1°F. One kilo calorie approximately equals 4 BTU. 1 Kilo Calories= 4 BTU 1 Kilo Calories = 4.184 KJ 1 KJ = 0.239 KCal Method for measuring the value of any feed is to determine the amount of digestible nutrients that is supplied to the animals following systems are used. Gross energy (GE) Digestible energy (DE) Metabolizable energy (ME) Net energy (NE) Total digestible nutrient (TDN) Starch equivalent (SE) Scandinavian feed unit Physiological fuel value (PFV) Nutritive ratio (NR)

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Overview of livestock feed supply in ethiopia

1. Overview of Livestock Feed Subsector in Ethiopia Presented by Adugna Tolera (Hawassa University) at the Inception meeting for the ‘ Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia ’ project ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012

3. Feed related challenges of livestock production 1. Shortage of feeds 2. Seasonality

7. Shrinkage of grazing land due to expansion of cropping

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16. A sandabo weed seed being harvested for feed at Hunte farm of Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise

17. Nutritive value of Asandabo weed seed Component Mean Range Dry matter (%) 94.7 94.4-95.1 Ash (% DM) 5.8 3.2-9.1 Crude protein (% DM) 13.3 12.1-14.1 Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) 22.1 19.1-25.6 Acid detergent fiber (% DM) 8.6 6.1-10.7 In vitro OM digestibility (%) 79.5 77.7-81.0

18. Feed resources used for backyard cattle fattening Wolayta Arsi-Negelle Hararghe Crop residues Areqe atella Thinning of maize and sorghum Cut-and-carry grass Wheat straw Leaf stripping of maize and sorghum Boiled maize & haricot bean grain Wheat bran Weeds and grasses from crop fields Thinning or whole crop maize Oil seed cake (esp. linseed cake) Agricultural by-products like sweet potato vines Sweet potato vines and tuber Enset Household wastes (atella & coffee residue)

19.

20.

21. Feed price trends over the last few years

22.

23. Thank you !

Overview of livestock feed supply in ethiopia

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