Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Alexandra Shaw and Delia Grace at the EcoHealth 2014 conference, Montreal, Canada, 11-14 August 2014.

1. Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Integrating our understandings of zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing
Epidemiology and disease burden
Johanna Lindahl, Alexandra Shaw and Delia Grace
EcoHealth 2014 conference Montreal, Canada, 11-15 August 2014

2. Epidemiology
•The patterns, causes and effects of health and disease conditions in populations
•For many diseases we lack knowledge
•Not much research
•Much research but still not understanding
•Lack information on how to prevent

3. S
E
I
R
New population
at risk
Global trade and travelling
Increased contact with wildlife
Close contact between different species
Transfer or recruitment of new vectors
New habits,
new cultures
Migration of people or animals to new areas
New species at risk / host transfer
Decreased immunization and immunity
Markets
Urbanization
Environmental land degradation
Poverty
Undernutrition, starvation
Governmental finances and priorities
Ageing population
Compartmental epidemiological models

4. Increased risk of exposure
Habitat fragmentation
Decreased biodiversity
Increased number
of vectors
High density
Lack of knowledge
Less dilution from alternate hosts
Reduced food safety
Water scarcity
Disrupted social systems
Poverty
Urbanization
Markets
Industrialization of animal production
Littering
Irrigation
Fertilisers
Deforestation
Agricultural intensification and development
Climate changes
S
E
I
R

5. Anthropogenic action: Increased irrigation
Effect on ecosystem: Creates more larval habitats
Vector consequence: More infected vectors
Epidemiologic consequence:
More individuals exposed
Increased
disease
Most drivers are desired – and not constantly leading to disease

6. A framework to help understand costs and to model costs
•Aim is to collect the data necessary to make an assessment of the multiple burden of disease
•Using the same framework for multiple diseases helps comparison
•Economic modelling important for policy makers
•Money matters
•Priorities

7. Thank you For more information on our Consortium: www.driversofdisease.org @DDDAC_org contact@driversofdisease.org