ICTSD Presentation

Trade, Knowledge,
Participation:
Empowering
Communities for
Global Sustainable
Development

The International Centre
for Trade and Sustainable
Development
The International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development

GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Trade related policy can be a powerful driver
of sustainable development in global
policymaking if those engaged in negotiations
are able to incorporate emergent knowledge
on economic, environmental, and
developmental issues that empower them to
better understand their own interests, build
bridges to others, and advance mutually
acceptable solutions.

Bringing such knowledge-empowered
participation to bear on international policy
processes through facilitative, inclusive
approaches can generate effective solutions
for poverty reduction, greater social equity,
innovation, and conservation of—and access
to—natural resources, on which all humans
depend both now and in the future.


Values that
Guide ICTSD
ICTSD’s practice of Sustainable Development is grounded in
internationally agreed and shared global objectives (Agenda 21 and
Millennium Development Goals among others) and informed by
scholarly research in the areas of development, environment and
political economy (such as Amartya Sen and others).


ICTSD’s Theory of Change
Knowledge Empowered Capacity Leads to Engagement and
More Optimal Outcomes In International Policy Making

Terms of engagement
in international
negotiations

Leadership
Outcomes of int’l
negotiations:
Readiness
• Optimal
• Sub-optimal
Cautiousness • No-outcome
• Perverse
• Harmful
Reluctance

Level of knowledge
capabilities


A Unique Niche
and Approach
• The only global organization devoted
exclusively to advancing sustainable
development in the context of trade
related issues in global negotiations.
• Trade-related focus (WTO and regional,
but also multilateral agreements those
like UNFCCC with trade elements).
• Generative methodology ensures
ICTSD’s work is applied, strategic, and
relevant.
• Nonpartisan: a stable value base, not
clientele.
• High impact distributed globally through
knowledge-building, co-implementation
model.

Click here to find out more about ICTSD….


Effective
Programmes
• ICTSD brokers knowledge, bringing new voices and analyses to negotiations. By
reaching out to key constituencies and involving them in policy processes, ICTSD
creates new channels of interaction that support long-term capacity to participate.
• ICTSD conducts research in response to needs, sources it to top experts in relevant
fields and regions, and distributes it for use by key negotiators and influencers.
• ICTSD establishes long term partnerships and co-implements with them, giving it an
ongoing global network with access to the top thinkers and policymakers globally.


A Clearly Targeted
Change Strategy
ICTSD advances sustainable development by building knowledge communities,
supporting policy dialogue and empowering policy makers and influencers—with
particular attention to those excluded from policy processes—to act effectively on trade
policy and the trade related policy issues that impact national and global wellbeing.
Policy Makers Policy Influencers General Public

Ministries of Trade Non-Negotiating Ministries: Free Access to
Ministries of Finance - Environment ICTSD Outputs
Min. Foreign Affairs - Development
Geneva Negotiators - Agriculture, Health Better informed
MEA and other Civil Society: public elects
negotiators (e.g. - NGOs, representatives via
UNFCCC) - Academia government policy
- Private Sector makers
- Trade Unions/Sectoral
groups (e.g. farmers)
IGOs:
- UNEP, UNCTAD, ITC
ICTSD’s target
- Regional org.
audiences
Parliamentarians
Journalists


ICTSD’s Operational Strategy Works Through
Three Coordinated Pillars of Activity

ICTSD Mission:
By empowering stakeholders in trade policy through information, networking, dialogue,
well-targeted research, and capacity building, the Centre seeks to influence the
international trade system such that it advances the goal of sustainable development.

Enabling interaction: the Facilitating interaction: Supporting interaction:
information & the policy dialogue the research & capacity
communication programme building programme
programme
Facilitating dialogue by Supporting interaction
Enabling interaction among providing a space for through policy oriented
trade policy makers and relevant actors to interact ground-breaking research
influencers through the and explore common and and capacity building services
production of a consistent different interests in an by drawing on the best
flow of non-partisan informal and non human and academic
reporting and analysis negotiating setting resources.


ICTSD Ensures That it Works On
Relevant Issues with Key Participants

• By mapping issues and engaging participants to identify areas
of focus and key sticking points.

• By generating research and knowledge processes that address
the specific needs of negotiators and advocates.

• By bringing new voices into negotiations and helping them
to articulate perspectives that are essential for moving ahead.


ICTSD advances Global Mandates in Partnership

with Governments and Key Institutional Actors
• ICTSD’s network builds from the ground up through partnerships with civil
society, academia, and business organizations and extends to
intergovernmental organizations ranging from the trade, development, and
other ministries of individual governments to the WTO, UNCTAD, UNEP, ITC,
ILO, World Bank, and others.

• ICTSD helps create space outside formal negotiating settings enabling
governments and IGOs to advance dialogue and analysis.

• ICTSD focuses its work to be relevant beyond the trade system with
processes and objectives that contribute to the major commitments of
global governments such as the Millennium Development Goals; Rio+20; LDC
IV, the CSD and others.

• ICTSD also works directly and actively in current negotiations on climate
change at the UNFCCC as well as in the context of the multilateral
environmental agreements.


ICTSD’s Co-Implementation Strategy Builds Powerful
Programmes and Strengthens Regional Capacity

MAP OF ICTSD PARTNERS IN 2011

In 2011, ICTSD engaged
in formal partnerships
with 117 institutions in 35
different countries


Types of Objectives Examples of Partners in 2009
Partners
1. Short term • Tap into local partner network, • Comité National de Suivi et de Coordination des
partnerships substantive and logistical capacity Négociations APE, Cameroon
• Provide a space/exposure to • Secretaría de Estado de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social
relevant work (SESPAS), Dominican Republic
• Act as a catalyst for future work by • UN Millennium Campaign
local institutions • World Business Council for Sustainable Development
2. Issue specific / • Focal points in supporting self- • Brazilian Centre for International Relations (CEBRI), Brazil
regional sustained networks • Center for Chinese Studies (CCS) of Stellenbosch University,
partnerships • Mobilising regional expertise South Africa
• Facilitate regional interaction • Shridath Ramphal Centre for International Trade Law, Policy
among stakeholders and Services, The University of the West Indies, Barbados
• Southeast Asia START Regional Centre (SEA START), Thailand
3. Core • Jointly design and implement long • Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), Bangladesh
partnerships term programme/activities in a • Eco-Accord, Russia
developing country region • Centre Internacional de Política Económica para el
• Provide support in strengthening Desarrollo Sostenible (CINPE), Costa Rica
partner as regional centre of • Centre for WTO Studies, India
excellence • ENDA Tiers Monde, Senegal
• Empowerment (training, staff • Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa (TRALAC), South Africa
exchange, etc…)
4. Intellectual • Jointly design and implement • Department of Economics and Statistics of the University of
Partnerships medium term Mauritius, Mauritius
research/dialogue/information • Department of Economics and Statistics, University of
programmes Calabria, Italy
• Bring substantive inputs in areas • Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), the
where ICTSD has no clear Netherlands
comparative advantage • Energy Research Institute (ERI), China
• European Patent Office (EPO)
• International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), USA


Engaging Key
Constituencies

2476 different stakeholders from
144 countries participated in
ICTSD dialogues in 2009


Here is how ICTSD Connects Sustainable
Development to Trade Negotiations at the WTO
SD Trade Agenda Ag. Industrial Services Rules Development Intellectual Trade
Concerns Tariffs (GATS) Dimension Property Disputes
Rural dev., SP/SSM Ag. services Fish Subsidies Disclosure
food/livelihood Subsidies TRIPS/CBD
security Cotton GIs
Sustainable use of Green Box Forestry Env. services Fish Subsidies Disclosure
natural resources TRIPS/CBD
GIs
Essential goods & Env. goods Essential A4T package Access to
services (water, services Drugs
air, waste
disposal)
Access to markets Tariff cuts Tariff cuts Mode 1 Anti-dumping Duty free
Sens. Prod Textiles/clothing Mode 4 quota free for
Trop. Prod. LDCs
Policy space & SP-SSM Para 8 Dom. reg. SCM Article TRIMS, SVEs Transfer of
Equitable rules Subsidies safeguard XXIV Technology
TA
Supply side Pref. Erosion Pref. Erosion, Trade
constraints & e.g. Sugar e.g. T&C facilitation
trade adjustment A4T SVEs
Equity & access to Peace clause Implementati Non - WTO-DSU
justice on Violation Review
issues


The Activities and
Issues on Which
ICTSD Works


ICTSD Periodicals Provide Global Outreach that
Enables Participation Across Issues and
Cultures
• BRIDGES and sister publications recognized globally as leading sources in the field.
• 75,000 subscriptions with targeted distribution bases of 5,000 to 10,000 for each,
encompassing 15 periodicals that deliver news / analysis / events / resources.
• Editorial principles: nonpartisan, cross disciplinary, participation focus.
• Co-implemented, multilingual (English, French, Spanish, Russian, Portuguese,
Chinese); and multi-regional. Stand alone editions covering ACP countries,
biological /environmental resources, negotiation special issues.
• Paper distribution, email push, plus web 2.0 provides full spectrum engagement
• High developing country focus. In 2009 there were 344 articles on LDCs issues and
50%-80% of commissioned articles were written by developing country authors.
• Subscribe to or review the BRIDGES and related periodical series.
Click HERE.


Poverty and Vulnerability

• ICTSD has focused on advancing African sustainable development through Special and Differential Treatment
provisions that are included in current negotiations. Groupings such as ECOWAS and WAEMU (in Africa) have
used ICTSD’s expertise and knowledge to design their market access proposals in Economic Partnership
Agreements (EPAs); and ICTSD’s work has been used in expanding duty-free market access for Least
Developed Countries; and building capacity on trade related climate change issues for vulnerable economies.
• Currently, ICTSD works to ensure that trade rules make appropriate provision for the needs of countries at
different stages of development; it provides greatly needed technical analysis in areas such as market
access, agriculture, fisheries, services, aid for trade and IPRs in multilateral and regional trade negotiations;
and it provides analysis in the area of trade, adaptation to climate change, economic vulnerability and
resilience in LDCs, Small Vulnerable Economies (SVEs), and Small Islands Developing States (SIDS).
• Ongoing work focuses on assessment of Duty Free / Quota Free (DFQF) schemes for LDCs provided by
emerging economies; further integration of LDCs in the international economy and design of trade policy and
rules to support structural transformation in LDCs. LDCs graduation. At this purpose, ICTSD and a group of
think tanks, NGOs and international organizations recently established the LDC IV Monitor, a partnership to
assess the implementation of Istanbul Plan of Action for the LDCs.


Climate Change

• Since its inception in 2008, ICTSD’s Global Platform (GP) on Climate
Change, Trade and Sustainable Energy has generated a global policy
knowledge community on the existing opportunities and risks of using
trade measures and tools in responding to climate change (such as
intellectual property rights, climate-friendly goods and services, and
carbon labeling and standards).

• Through strategic research and analysis and policy dialogues on five key
areas (including technology transfer and IP; trade in climate-friendly
goods and services; and adaptation), the GP provides stakeholders with
a critical mechanism for policy coherence on trade and climate change.

• The GP is advancing the analytical capacity of stakeholders, supporting
their interaction with policy makers, and building effective cross-
disciplinary understanding so that solutions can be built and agreed by
the international community in the climate change and trade policy
processes. This will be essential for progress in the context of the
COP16 and COP18 of the UNFCCC in Qatar and the mandate to reach a
comprehensive agreement on climate change by 2015 in particular.


Agriculture & Food Security

• Achievements: research informed govt policies and
proposed international rules on:
- livelihood and food security exceptions in new WTO rules
on market opening
- additional safeguard duties to protect poor farmers from
price volatility
- caps on high farm duties and distorting subsidies faced by
developing country farmers
- poor countries' exports of bananas, sugar and cotton.

• Work focus:
- poor countries food security and farmers' livelihoods;
reforming farm subsidies; improving poor farmers' access to
markets; evaluating the draft WTO farm deal; climate
change.

• Future Objective:
- promoting food security, equity and environmental
sustainability in agricultural trade, through providing
information, conducting research and facilitating dialogue
between different interest groups and trade policy actors.


Innovation and
Intellectual Property
•Since 1997, ICTSD has been instrumental in efforts to achieve a more
balanced and development oriented global IP regime, providing stakeholders
with options that balance private rights and public interests, and lead to a
better understanding of the impact of IP rules on development policies in areas
such as public health, climate change, biodiversity, food security and more
broadly access to knowledge and technology.

•Landmark outputs include: Resource Book on TRIPS and Development (2005);
Bellagio Dialogues on IP and development (2001 – 2007); IP Need Assessment
for LDCs (Uganda, Sierra Leone and Rwanda, 2007-2010) and the UNEP-EPO-
ICTSD Report on Patents and Clean Energy (2010).
•
•Current focus is on facilitating pro-development and pro-competitive
outcomes in international trade and IP negotiations and promoting an evidence
based approach to IP deliberations at the global level.

•Upcoming work focuses on the future of global IP reform
efforts, enhancing diffusion of climate friendly technologies and policies to
harness innovation in order to provide solutions to global policy challenges in
areas such as health, biodiversity and climate change.


Environment and natural resources

•ICTSD has pioneered work in facilitating the active engagement of
developing countries on trade, environment and natural resources;

• Through its BioRes periodical, ICTSD maintains a critical link
between the trade and environment communities, engaging
with environmental multilateral agreements with trade-related
implications and continually tracking developments under
the UNFCCC, CBD, CITES, Montreal Protocol and other MEAs.

•ICTSD is currently focusing on the trade aspects related to efforts
to reform economies in order to put them on a more sustainable
footing. In this context, ICTSD - with its partners - are delivering
multiperspective research and dialogues that engage highly diverse
constituencies in the Rio+20 process and beyond.
• Regarding natural resources, ICTSD will be working along several
fronts: focusing on export restrictions and their implications in terms
of conservation, environmental protection, food security, jobs and
industrial policy. The sectors covered will include rare earths,
timber, fisheries and agricultural commodities.


Regional Activities

• ICTSD's annual Bridges China Dialogue in Geneva has become
an influential forum to discuss China-related trade and
sustainability issues. By engaging relevant stakeholders
including policy- and decision-makers at the right levels from
China, the Dialogue will continue to leverage China's role in
global economic governance for sustainable development.

• ICTSD periodicals in China, Brazil, and Russia are building
new networks in these regions and their trading partners.

• ICTSD’s ongoing analysis and reporting on EPA agreements
with Europe and Africa, and in other regions enable
participants to manage multiple levels of negotiations.

• Strengthened partnerships in South Asia will support ICTSD to
work in the region and to focus on relations with less-
developed trading partners.

• Future work will continue on these tracks and will expand to
examine rules of origin and will examine transparency in
regional trade agreements.


Global Governance

• Since 1996 ICTSD has played a defining role in opening and developing dialogue between civil
society and the global trade system and advancing the capacity of developing countries to
participate in negotiations in Geneva and regionally. ICTSD’s ‘Strengthening Multilateralism
Initiative’ was launched in early 2009, and has engaged WTO members and the relevant trade
stakeholders.

• As part of this initiative, ICTSD published Rebuilding Global Trade: Proposals for a Fairer, More
Sustainable Future; and Strengthening Multilateralism: A Mapping of proposals on WTO Reform
and Global Trade Governance, November 2009.

• Since 2009 ICTSD has conducted informal consultations with ambassadors, policymakers,
opinion leaders and researchers, both in Geneva and at different meetings and dialogues around
the world on strengthening the WTO and global trade system; including events such
‘Strengthening Multilateralism’, into our Geneva Trade and Development Symposium, which was
held alongside the WTO’s Ministerial Conference.

• Ongoing work focuses on advancing WTO member discussions on strengthening the WTO
framework and increasing collaboration with key external actors such as World Economic
Forum; to create additional platforms for strengthening the global trade system at WTO and
regionally.


What works?

• Consistent, long term engagement and
cross fertilization of ideas has led to
effective global networks on many
issues.

• Engaging stakeholders is essential to
making research work.

• Linking realities in developing countries
with international processes enables
coherent, effective negotiating
processes.

• Responding to concrete needs in
negotiating processes allows
stakeholders to advance issues or put
them aside, clearing the way for
productive interaction.


Getting the Job Done: A Diverse Staff
and an Active Human Resource Strategy
• Thirty-five full time staff posted in Geneva with various backgrounds
including legal, economic, political and experience in public, private and
NGOs. This includes two former ministers (Canada / Venezuela), senior
officials; and noted issue experts, all of whom give ICTSD unprecedented
access to knowledge and networks.

• Highly diverse and skilled with nearly half of the staff from developing
countries including: Egypt, Ghana, Philippines, Argentina, China,
Senegal, Venezuela, Colombia, Kenya, Chile, India, Brazil, and South
Africa. Ten long term consultants posted in core partner offices globally.

• ICTSD’s knowledge network consists of Hundreds of top level researchers
around the globe who conduct the majority of ICTSD research.

• Work with students and universities to engage interns and volunteers
from developing and developed countries.

• Active outsource strategy ensures high cost effectiveness. This includes
printing, mailing and design of periodicals; web development and select
IT functions; back office accounting and HR functions; legal and audit
services.


Governance / Accountability

• Annual reporting includes audited 2010 Governing Board Origin
financial statements; extensive impact
reporting against logframe objectives; Henry Birt** Switzerland
internal efficiency and benchmarking. Aimee Christensen United States
– Audit, PricewaterhouseCoopers
Jose Manuel Salazar- Costa Rica
– Legal Counsel, Baker & Mc Kenzie
Xirnachs
– HR Mgmt Services,
– Tax Advisory Services: KPMG Mia Horn Sweden
Simon Zadek United Kingdom
• Annual donor meetings and frequent
consultation. David Runnalls* Canada
KY Amoako Ghana
• An independent governing board Eveline Herfkens Netherlands
comprised of 10 eminent individuals
from around the globe. Balances: *Chair **Treasurer
geographical, gender, trade and other
disciplines, sectoral backgrounds (e.g.
NGO, Donor, Government, Business).


Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz
ICTSD Chief Executive

Ricardo MELÉNDEZ-ORTIZ is ICTSD’s co-founder and its Chief
Executive Officer since 1996.
Previously Mr. Meléndez-Ortiz co-founded and acted as General
Director of Fundación Futuro Latinoamericano (Quito). He also
represented Colombia as a negotiator in several multilateral fora,
including as permanent delegate of Colombia in Geneva and as a
negotiator in GATT’s Uruguay Round, the Rio’92 UN Conference
process, UNCTAD VIII, the Climate Change Convention, the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the
Montreal Protocol.
Mr. Meléndez-Ortiz is a graduate of Harvard University, has
authored and co-authored numerous works including Envisioning a
Sustainable Development Agenda for Trade and Environment ;
Rebuilding Global Trade: Proposals for A Fairer, More Sustainable
Future; and Agricultural Subsidies In The WTO Green Box: Ensuring
Coherence With Sustainable Development Goals.
He holds Colombian and Belgian nationalities.


Financing

Some 50 donors have
contributed more than $70
million to ICTSD’s work since
its inception as a project in
1996. Since 2005 growth has
leveled and the Centre has
attracted new multiyear
agreements and support from
developing countries.
Funder diversification and
coordination are major goals,
along with the development
of income generating
activities.


Financial / Institutional Support

• ICTSD is located at the Maison internationale de Startup Funders 1996-1997
l'environnement in premises provided at a subsidized •Denmark’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
rate by the Swiss federal Fondation des Immeubles through its Development Cooperation
pour les Organisations Internationales (FIPOI); Agency DANIDA;
•The Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
• ICTSD also receives valuable support from visiting (Michigan, U.S.);
scholars, interns and associate fellows. In 2009-10 •Swedish International development
these numbered over thirty people many of whom Agency (SIDA);
were sponsored through cooperative arrangements. •Government of Switzerland;
•Chistian Aid;
• Start-up of ICTSD was made possible by an original •Misereor;
grant from the City of Geneva for the Centre’s •NOVIB;
feasibility study, and in-kind and time contributions •OXFAM;
from its founding organizations. Through a number of •National Wildlife Federation;
highlevel elected and civil service officials, the City •Swiss Coalition of Development
and Canton de Geneve as well as the then- Organizations;
denominated, Swiss Federal Office for Foreign •Fundacion Futuro Latinoamericano;
Economic Affairs (BAWI) and the Swiss Federal
Department of Foreign Affairs, including the Swiss For a full list of ICTSD’s current funders
Permanent Mission in Geneva, were all instrumental see its website www.ictsd.org
in ICTSD’s establishment.


Major Supporters 1996-2011

Donor CHF
DFID, UK Department for International Development 23, 254,713
Ministry of Foreign Affairs the Netherlands 14 148 901
SIDA, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Sweden 14 534 796
Danish International Development Agency and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark 7 353 942
SECO State Secretariat for Economic Affairs and SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation 3, 579 731
Rockefeller Foundation 2,785,710
Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland 2,560 242
William and & Flora Hewlett Foundation 2,025,763
Various Funders Through Joint Ventures with International Institute for Sustainable Development 987,827
MacArthur Foundation 757,826
C. S. Mott Foundation 741,308
Various UN Agencies 686 956
NZAid New Zealand Agency for International Development and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, New Zealand 607,558
NOVIB 589 165
Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Grande-Duché de Luxembourg 462,570
AusAID Australian Agency for International Development 360,000
Consult www.ictsd.ch for a full list of ICTSD donors from 1996-Present


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