This document discusses climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in Kenya. It proposes a landscape approach called Locally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (LAMA) that recognizes the administrative, social, and environmental mosaics in the landscape. LAMA is presented as a middle path between globally mandated actions and purely local actions. The document advocates for realistic, conditional, voluntary and pro-poor climate strategies that address challenges across these aspects.

1. Sasumua: linking a landscape and
institutional mosaic to climate change
in Kenya
Meine van Noordwijk and Thomas Yatich
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
2009 Forest Day 3, Learning Event
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3. Globally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (GAMA)
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA)
Landscape
approaches to
adaptation +
mitigation
Locally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (LAMA)
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5. ¾Administrative
mosaic
¾Ethnic and social
affinity mosaic
¾Watershed hierar-
chies
¾Patchwork of ve-
getation
¾Patchwork of land
access/ forest class
rules
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6. rainfall cloud
canopy water
What matters most in a ‘forest’:
interception
evaporation
transpiration
surface
the treesevaporation
through-fall
the landscape stem-flow
surface
run-on
Stream:
surface infiltration
flow {
quick- run-off
lateral
recharge
the soil sub-
surface
base
outflow
? uptake lateral
inflow
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flow percolation

7. Myth-use of forest hydrology for
maintaining political control over land
1
4
2
3
5
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8. http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf
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9. Paradigm CES: Paradigm COS: Paradigm CIS: ‘Co-
‘Commoditized ES’ ‘Compensating investment in
or markets for Opportunities Stewardship’ and
commoditized Skipped’ or paying co-manage-ment of
environmental service land users for accepting land-scapes for redu-
procure-ment (or land man-datory or volun- cing poverty and
use proxies with tary restrictions on their enhancing ES, sharing
periodic full impact use of land risk and responsibility
study)
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11. Predictability of rainfall at gro-
wing-season scale is still low
July 2009 Forecast
of El Nino condi-
tions: above-average
rainfall in Kenya
In fact: late start of
rains, below-average
total as yet; water
rationing in Nairobi
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http://portal.iri.columbia.edu/portal/server.pt

12. +
Dam & spillway
under repair
Chania river intake
~ 50 NTU 5-10 NTU
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13. Lesson 2
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15. http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf
Stakeholders
• Local farmers organizations
• Nairobi City Water and
Sewerage Company
• Water Resources
Management Authority
• Athi River Water Services
Board
• Kenya Forestry Service
• Ministry of Livestock.
Research Partners
• World Agroforestry Centre
(ICRAF);
• National Environment
Management Authority (NEMA)
of
Kenya
• Jomo Kenyatta University of
Agriculture and Technology
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Nairobi

16. Rapid/replicable Hydrological Appraisal (RHA: 6
months, 5k$) integrates 3 types of knowledge
Public/Policy
Ecological
Knowledge
Local Hydrologist
Ecological Ecological
Knowledge Knowledge
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19. Lesson 3
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20. performance
new components & indicators
technologies
Landscape
actors,
mosaic
Plots (land use s.s.)
stake-holders
Matrix (filter) resource
interactions
Roads/streams (channel)
agreed Negotiation
changes process
spontaneous
change
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Negotiation Support System: tool + process

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22. Lesson 4
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26. Conclusions:
1. NAMA between LAMA and GAMA
2. LAMA: Mosaic of mosaics
• Administrative mosaic
• Ethnic and social affinity mosaic
• Watershed hierarchies
• Patchwork of vegetation
• Patchwork of land access/ forest class
rules
3. Realistic, Conditional, Voluntary &
Pro-poor: equally large challenges in
all 4 aspects
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