1. Developing Yellow Rust Resistant Winter
Wheat Germplasm
Mesut Keser, A. Morgounov, B. Akın, Z. Mert,
F. Ozdemir, K. Nazari
28 April 2014
Izmir, Turkey

2. 600
6500
4000
350
3900
800

3. IWWIP
 1986 IWWIP: Turkey and CIMMYT established
joint winter wheat breeding program for the
region based in Anatolian Plateau of Turkey.
 1990 IWWIP: Turkey/CIMMYT/ICARDA
 ICARDA Highland Wheat Breeding Program joined
IWWIP to establish a well integrated international
breeding framework.

4. Edirne
Adapazari
Ankara
Konya
Adana
Eskisehir
Erzurum
Diyarbakir
SW
WW
Research Institutes in Turkey contributing to the
IWWIP-TCI
Aleppo
Izmir
Samsun

5. Biotic Stresses in the Region
Country Biot1 Biot2 Biot3
Armenia Comm bunt Loose Sm Sr
Azerbaijan Yr Lr Comm bunt
Iran Yr Lr S Pest
Georgia Weed Cer Leaf Beet Comm bunt
S.Kazakhstan Yr Septoria Smut
Kyrgystan Yr Septoria Sunn Pest
Tajikistan Yr Sr-Lr Leaf Beetle
Turkey Yr Sr-Lr Spest-RR
Uzbekistan Lr Yr PM-Spest

6. Edirne LR
Adapazari LR
Ankara YR, SR
Konya YR
Adana YR, LR
Eskisehir YR
Erzurum YR
Diyarbakir YR
YR
LR
Wheat rust diseases in Turkey
Aleppo YR
Izmir YR, SR
Samsun SR, LR
Kastamonu SR
SR

7. IWWIP disease priority
Disease Artificial inoculation starts
 Yellow Rust F2
 Leaf Rust F2
 Soil Born Pathogens
 Nematodes F3
 Root rots F3
 Common bunt F6
 Stem rust F6
 Septoria -
 Tan spot -
 Powdery mildew -

8. Yr Haymana vs TH Aleppo
 PYT 1573 (including Checks)
 Locations Ankara, Turkey and TH, Syria
 YR evaluation under artificial inoculation

9. TH vs Haymana
Haymana Tel Hadya
Altitude 950 m 400 m
Min Temp 0C -15 -20 - 4 -6
Max Temp 0C 33-34 40-42
Precip. mm 350 340
First Yr Simp Mid May Mid April

10. Tel Hadya vs Haymana (%)
26,2
44,2
20,4
28,7
24,7
17,8
14
7,8
14,7
1,4
0
10
20
30
40
50
%
R MR MS S VS
TH
HYM

11. YR Scores of Checks (18 reps)
0
20
40
60
80
100
47
32 TH
Hym

12. Material
 163 winter and spring bread wheat
cultivars/lines
 A set of tester varieties (1-20), USA
differantial set
*B. Akın, in collaboration with Dr. Xianming Chen
Resistance Genes at WFW material*

13. Evaluated at / by
1- Seedling stage
2- Adult stage
3- Molecular markers

14. The frequency of different resistant types and resistance genes
in WFW germplasm
Type of resistance
Resistance genes
All germplasm studied
Number of entries %
Adult Plant Resistance (APR) only 44 27
Including Yr18 16 19
Major genes only 11 6
Major genes and APR 107 67
Including: unknown major gene + Yr18 40 24
Yr1 + unknown APR gene/s 5 3
Yr17 + unknown APR gene/s 3 2
Yr17+Yr18 1 0.6
Yr9 + unknown APR gene/s 4 2
Yr9 + Yr18 8 5
Yr5 or Yr10 or Yr15 0 0
Total 162 100

15. Yield gain in leaf rust resistant and susceptible winter
wheat varieties due to fungicide application*
Genotypes 24 (6 R, 6 MR, 6 MS, 6 S
Reps 6 (3 protected/3 non-protected
Place Sakarya, Turkey
Inoculation Natural
Year 2012, 2013
* A. Morgounov

16. Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2 6 18 3 13 20 5 15 14 10 4 17 25 22 21 24 1 19 12 9 16 7 8 11
%Yieldprotected/control
2012
R MR SMS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
6 20 2 3 13 18 15 14 5 17 10 4 21 25 22 24 19 1 11 9 7 12 8 16
%Yieldprotected/control
2013

17. Conclusions
 How can we capture this trait in the breeding
program?
 Combination of treated and disease exposed
generations?
 Resistance is highly needed but can be combined
with response?

18. 18
Number of Entries Tested for Yellow Rust Screening
(1995-2013)
967
2.467
5.077
7.167
5.881
7.192
6.776
7.869
7.255
6.295
6.743
6.117 5.974
4.641
6.295
8.960
12.50012.572
11.813
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009*
2010*
2011*
2012*
2013*
*Kastamonu included
* * * *

19. Percent of Resistant Entries for Yellow Rust in IWWIP Nurseries
(1995-2011) (CI 20%)
9
20
18
59
45
62
46
32
60
41
64
57
72 73
68
75
0
20
40
60
80
100
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
?*
*2007 Evaluated only PYT Nur.

20. International Nurseries
2011-12
Nursery # of
Entry
Rep # of
Sets
# of Country
19FAWWON-SA 150 1 70 35
19FAWWON-Ir 150 1 80 40
14IWWYT-SA 30 2 30 15-20
15IWWYT-Ir 40 2 30 15-20
3rdSRRN 100 1 50 30
LRRN 50 20 10
YrRN 50 20 10
SPestRN 11 10 6

21. WFW varieties originated from IWWIP and
released in the region
y = 0.218x - 436.6
R² = 0.990
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Area.mlnha
Years
Area under IWWIP originated varieties
Country Varieties
released
Afghanistan 5
Armenia 4
Azerbaijan 2
Georgia 4
Iran 6
Kazakhstan 2
Kyrgyzstan 6
Tajikistan 3
Turkey 27
Turkmenistan 1
Uzbekistan 1
Utilization of IWWIP germplasm in
Europe and USA primarily as parents

22. WFW varieties originated from IWWIP and
released in the region since 2010
Country Release
d
Variety Name Institution Cross Cross ID Selection history
Afghanistan
2013
Bamiyan-013
ARIA-MAIL
VORONA/KAUZ/4/URES/BBL//KAUZ/3/BC
N TCI971315 -0SE-0YC-0YE-…
Azerbaijan 2010 Tale-38 Azeri Res. Inst. of Farming SPN/NAC//ATTILA
CMSW92W
M00217S -0SE-0YC-1YE-0YC
Azerbaijan 2014 Gizil Bugda Azeri Res. Inst. of Farming SAULESKU41/SADOVO1 TCI950295 -3AP-0AP-0E-1YE-0YE-1YM-0YM
Georgia 2010 Lomtagora-09 Lomtagora Seed Farm SHARK/F4105W2.1 CIT925169 -0SE-0YC-6YC-0YC
Georgia 2010
Lomtagora-
123 Lomtagora Seed Farm FRTL/NEMURA
CMSW93W
M0073 -0AP-0YC-*-1YE-1YC-0YC
Georgia 2012 Sauli 9 Georgian Agrarian University SAULЕSКU#44/ТR810222
CMSW94W
M00586S -03Y-0B-0SE-3YE-0YC-2YM-0YM
Iran 2010 Zare
Seed and Plant Improvement
Institute
130L1.11//F35.70/MO73/4/YMH/TOB//MCD
/3/LIRA
CIT925080
-0SE-0YC-7YC-0YC-1YC-0YC-3YC-
0YC
Iran 2011 Rijaw
Dryland Agricultural
Research Institute
PATO/CAL/3/7C//BB/CNO/5/CAL//CNO/SN
64/4/CNO//BAD/CHR/3/KL../6/SABALAN
TCI-97-312 0AP-0MAR-0MAR-1MAR-0MAR
Iran 2013 Tak-Ab
Dryland Agricultural
Research Institute MANNING/SDV1//DOGU88 CIT90038 -0YC-0YC-0YC-12YC-0YC
Iran 2014 Baran
Dryland Agricultural
Research Institute PTZ NISKA/UT1556-170//UNKNOWN TCI97AP -037-0AP-0MA- 1MA-0MA
Kazakhstan 2011 Konditerskaya Red Fall Experimental Station
NEELY/SPN//SPN/3/SPN//63.189.66.7/BEZ
WWN86012
9
-2H-0YC-3YC-0YC
Kyrghyzstan 2011 Petr MIS Cooperative Farm SDY/ALD/3/NAI60/HN7//BUC/4/ALUCAN
CMSW90M7
8 20H-0P-1YC-0YC-4YC-0YC
Turkey 2011 AY YILDIZ
East Anatolia Agric. Res.
Inst., Erzurum
NGDA146/4/YMH/TOB//MCD/3/LIRA/5/F13
0L1.12
CIT935224
-0SE-0YC-3YE-0YC-3YM-0YM
Turkey 2012 ERAYBEY
Bahri Dagdas International
Agric. Res. Institute, Konya F10S-1/CHISHOLM TCI97AP012 -0AP-0AP-0YE-6YE-0YE-1YE-0YE

23.  Acknowledgements
 Turkey
 CIMMYT
 ICARDA
 IWWIP Cooperators
 Thank you
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