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IBM Global Technology Services
October 2009




                                 Best practices for data migration
                                 Methodologies for assessing, planning, moving and
                                 validating data migration
Best practices for data migration
Page 2




                                       Executive summary
                    Contents
                                       Minimizing the effect of mainframe, UNIX®, Linux® and Microsoft®
                                       Windows® data migrations on business operations is a critical part of the data
         2   Executive summary
                                       center manager’s job. In the past, migration projects were scheduled to be
         4   Introduction to data
             migration                 performed during off-hours; however, today’s around-the-clock environment
         6   Data migration            has no application downtime window. Rather than delay the purchase or
             methodology: Assess       deployment of new storage technology because of potential migration prob-
         7   Data migration            lems, IT organizations now can employ new tools and methodologies that
             methodology: Plan
                                       minimize the risk. New software allows nondisruptive migration, meaning that
        12   Data migration
             methodology: Move         applications remain online during data movement without significant perform-
        13   Data migration            ance delays. And new methodologies that help with assessing, planning,
             methodology: Validate     migrating and validating data migrations can enable organizations to take
        14   Choosing data migration   advantage of customization, as well as help speed the process and ensure
             software
                                       data integrity.
        16   Summary
                                       To promote an understanding of what it takes to accomplish a nondisruptive
                                       migration—and how IBM Softek Transparent Data Migration Facility
                                       (TDMF®) software can help meet this need—this paper identifies five key
                                       factors to consider when choosing data migration software.
Best practices for data migration
Page 3




                      Highlights           Key data migration         Description                      Softek TDMF capability
                                           factors
       There are many challenges to con-   Performance                How quickly can data be          TDMF technology includes a
       sider when migrating data—and                                  copied from the source to        throttling, pacing capability
                                                                      the target and balanced          that can speed up or slow
       Softek TDMF software can help
                                                                      against system overhead?         down data movement
       handle them.
                                                                                                       depending on system
                                                                                                       demands in order to easily
                                                                                                       balance migration with
                                                                                                       system and network
                                                                                                       requirements.

                                           Primary volume and         If something goes wrong,         Protection can be easily
                                           source data protection     the migration can be termi-      done with the TDMF
                                                                      nated and application pro-       solution through backout
                                                                      cessing restarted or             (IBM z/OS® platform) or
                                                                      continued on the source          fallback (UNIX platform)
                                                                      data or device.                  commands.

                                           Tiered storage             Moving data to different         TDMF technology allows the
                                                                      array or to different storage    migration of data between
                                                                      media to improve price for       different disk- storage media
                                                                      performance with minimal         (for example, DASD or
                                                                      disruption.                      SATA) for optimum price for
                                                                                                       performance.

                                           Multivendor environments   Many data centers use            TDMF technology is hard-
                                                                      hardware from several ven-       ware independent, support-
                                                                      dors, which can result in        ing nondisruptive migration
                                                                      source and target hardware       in multivendor environments.
                                                                      being from different vendors.

                                           Application downtime       Applications have different      TDMF technology allows for
                                                                      levels of business criticality   nondisruptive data migra-
                                                                      and therefore have varying       tion, so applications can
                                                                      degrees of acceptable            stay online and continue to
                                                                      downtime                         process data throughout the
                                                                                                       migration process.
Best practices for data migration
Page 4




                                               Introduction to data migration
                       Highlights
                                               Data migration is the process of making an exact copy of an organization’s
                                               current data from one device and placing it on another device—preferably
                                               without disrupting or disabling active applications—and then redirecting all
                                               input and output (I/O) activity to the new device. There are a variety of
                                               circumstances that might cause an organization to undertake a data
                                               migration, including:

                                               ●   Server or storage technology replacement or upgrade
                                               ●   Server or storage consolidation
                                               ●   Relocation of the data center
                                               ●   Server or storage optimization, including workload balancing or other
                                                   performance-related maintenance


                                               These scenarios are fairly routine parts of IT operations in organizations of
       Any change in the storage               virtually any size. The majority of organizations today migrate data quarterly,
       infrastructure, whether it is a tech-   and many are even migrating data more frequently to optimize their environ-
       nology refresh, consolidation, relo-    ments and respond to business needs. However, even routine processes can
       cation or storage optimization,         cause problems for IT administrators and managers. These problems include,
       requires an organization to             but are not limited to:
       migrate data.
                                               ●   Extended or unexpected downtime
                                               ●   Data corruption, missing data or data loss
                                               ●   Application performance issues
                                               ●   Technical compatibility issues
Best practices for data migration
Page 5




                                            In order to prevent these problems from affecting business operations, the
                     Highlights             vast majority of data migration projects typically are scheduled to occur dur-
                                            ing off-hours, primarily during weekends. However, this can increase migra-
                                            tion costs as a result of staff overtime, and it can negatively impact IT staff
                                            morale. Furthermore, taking systems down for migration, even over the week-
                                            end, can severely affect business operations—especially if there are problems
                                            bringing the systems back online.

                                            In fact, the potential problems with data migration cause some organizations
       When systems must be taken down      to delay the deployment of new technology, or even to delay purchasing new
       for migration, business operations   technology. Such delays can, in and of themselves, be detrimental, because
       can be seriously affected. A key     older hardware may require more hands-on maintenance, generally has lower
       way to minimize the business         performance and is more prone to failure.
       impact of data migration is to use
                                            Most organizations seek to deploy new technology to eliminate such issues;
       best practices that incorporate
                                            therefore, delays in implementing new technology present a business risk. In
       planning, technology implementa-
                                            addition, delaying deployment of a new storage device that has already been
       tion and validation.
                                            purchased or leased raises its effective cost, as the company is amortizing the
                                            cost of both the old and new devices or is paying lease fees for both old and
                                            new devices.

                                            How can organizations minimize the business impacts of data migration—
                                            downtime, data loss and increased cost? The best way is to employ a consis-
                                            tent, reliable and repeatable methodology for migrations that incorporates
                                            assessing the current environment, planning the migration, moving the
                                            data and validating the migration based on established success criteria. The
                                            rest of this paper focuses on migration best practices, as well as supporting
                                            software technologies.
Best practices for data migration
Page 6




                    Highlights

       A robust data migration              Assess                        Plan                  Move             Validate
       methodology progresses from
       assess to planning to moving
       and validation.                                                                       Software
                                           Services                   Services                 and              Services
                                                                                             services
                                        What and how much          How data is moved       Move data from     Verify data was
                                        data must be moved         from source to target   source to target   successfully moved
                                        from source environ-       environment             environment        as planned from
                                                                                                              source to target
                                        ment to target
                                                                                                              environment
                                        environment


                                      The different phases of data migration



                                      Data migration methodology: Assess
                                      The first phase in the data migration methodology is the assessment phase.
                                      During this phase in the data migration, the environment is discovered and
                                      recorded so that there is sufficient information available to perform the plan-
                                      ning phase. The results of the assessment phase consist of reports that can be
                                      used to determine the scope, cost and recommended method of performing
                                      the data migration.
Best practices for data migration
Page 7




                                              Data migration methodology: Plan
                    Highlights
                                              While the amount of planning depends on the size and scope of the migra-
                                              tion, the planning process generally should involve determining the require-
                                              ments of the migration, identifying the current and future environment, and
                                              creating and documenting the migration plan. During the planning stage,
                                              determining what hardware or software is needed to successfully perform the
                                              migration is required. The design requirements include migration architec-
                                              ture, specific hardware and software requirements, migration procedures and
                                              deployment and test plans. As necessary, the IT organization should also
                                              obtain any software licenses it needs to perform the migration.

                                              The more important the data is to business operations and the greater the
       Solid migration planning can help      complexity of the environment, the more critical migration planning is. Solid
       identify potential problems and        migration planning can help identify where potential problems might occur
       how to avoid them or, if problems      and how to avoid them, and it can help IT professionals define mitigation
       are unavoidable, help IT profession-   strategies if problems are unavoidable. Migration planning also can help
       als define migration strategies.        define which data to migrate first, whether and how long to take applications
                                              offline, and which internal and external audiences should be informed regard-
                                              ing the migration.

                                              Proper migration planning involves more than just the IT staff. The business
                                              owners of the applications and data being migrated should also be included—
                                              particularly as the IT organization determines how important a given applica-
                                              tion or set of data is to the business.
Best practices for data migration
Page 8




                                    Example migration plan

                                    Action item                            Assigned to Status   Date

                                    Establish a migration
                                    management team

                                    Gather availability and production
                                    schedules

                                    Document change control procedures
                                    so they can be incorporated into the
                                    migration procedures and plans

                                    Document the timeline for activities
                                    for both hardware changes and the
                                    data migration

                                    Announce the migration at least
                                    30 days before the intended target
                                    migration date

                                    Gather information about the storage
                                    server environment and applications
                                    (list, drawing or both)

                                    Work with the storage vendor to
                                    understand the new storage
                                    configuration
Best practices for data migration
Page 9




                                    Example migration plan (continued)

                                    Action item                                     Assigned to Status                   Date

                                    Create a technical migration team

                                    Inform the security and compliance
                                    groups about the migration

                                    Schedule a pre-migration rehearsal
                                    that includes all the members of the
                                    migration team and a data sampling
                                    that enables the application groups to
                                    appropriately conduct the pre- and
                                    post-migration verification process

                                    Follow the required change control
                                    process

                                    Establish a migration status call-in
                                    process

                                    Utilize a migration planning checklist
                                    to ensure that all the pre-migration
                                    planning steps have been executed

                                    Table 1. This table depicts a suggested list of action items for a migration plan.
Best practices for data migration
Page 10




                                           Otherwise, for example, the IT department might plan a migration of the
                    Highlights             financial system on the same weekend that the finance department is finaliz-
                                           ing quarterly numbers. While this may represent a unique situation, the point
                                           remains that keeping all interested parties in the loop about data migrations
                                           can minimize possible conflicts.

                                           In planning a migration, it is important to understand design requirements,
                                           including migration and replication requirements, time schedule, vendors
                                           involved and the configuration of the hardware. When sizing data migrations,
                                           there are many items to consider, such as the number of servers, the operating
       Migration design requirements
                                           system levels, the amount of storage, the volume managers, types of databases
       include migration and replication
                                           and applications, network speeds and server clusters. In looking at the time
       requirements, time schedule, ven-
                                           schedule, the IT organization should create estimates for planning (planning
       dors and hardware configuration.
                                           typically accounts for 25 percent of the total schedule), installation and setup
                                           time, data copy time and production cutover.

                                           An example of a schedule for a simple data migration is shown here:

                                           ●   Planning: two days
                                           ●   Installation and setup: two hours
                                           ●   Data copy: two hours and 30 minutes for one server
                                           ●   Production cutover: minimal, performed in offline mode
                                           ●   Vendor onsite: eight hours
                                           ●   Professional services: three days
Best practices for data migration
Page 11




                                              There are a variety of software products that can be used to migrate data,
                    Highlights                including volume-management products, host- or array-based replication
                                              products and relocation utilities—as well as custom-developed scripts. Each of
                                              these has strengths and weaknesses surrounding performance, operating sys-
                                              tem support, storage-vendor platform support and whether or not application
                                              downtime is required to migrate the data. Some of these products enable
                                              online migration of data—so applications don’t need to be taken offline during
                                              the migration process. A subset of these provides nondisruptive migration,
                                              which means that applications not only remain online, but also that applica-
       IT organizations must carefully        tion processing continues without interruption or significant performance
       explore software options in order to   delays. Therefore, IT organizations should carefully explore software options.
       determine the best software tech-      Specific requirements can help determine the best software technology to use
       nology to use for each migration.      for each migration.


                                              Sample migration design requirements

                                              Server environment
                                                Server manufacturer
                                                Number of processors
                                                Number of logical partitions (LPARs) or domains
                                                Type of file system (UFS, VxFS, HFS, JFS, JFS2 [inline or outline], NFS, NTFS,
                                                FAT, FAT32)
                                                Operating system (OS) version (IBM AIX® 5.1, IBM z/OS 1.4 platform)
                                                OS addressing (31-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit)
                                                Databases to be moved (IBM DB2®, IBM Informix®, Oracle, SQL, Sybase databases)
                                                Database version
                                                Database size
                                                Availability requirements of databases (any existing service level agreements, downtime
                                                issues to consider)
                                                Cluster environment (such as MSCS, VERITAS, Sun, IBM HACMP™, and MC/Service
                                                Guard environments)
Best practices for data migration
Page 12




                                    Sample migration design requirements (continued)

                                    Storage environment
                                       Storage vendor and model
                                       Channel type (ESCON, FICON, Fibre, iSCSI, SAN) SAN HBA and Model
                                       (Qlogic, Emulex, JNI)
                                       Number of channel paths
                                       Logical to physical mapping (RAID-1 vs. RAID-5)
                                       Number of source volumes to be migrated
                                       Volume sizes
                                       Target volumes to receive source data

                                    Network environment (if applicable)
                                       Topology
                                       Speed of network

                                    Table 2. This table shows a requirements list that can be used to help simplify migrations.



                                    Data migration methodology: Move
                                    During the actual migration phase, the IT organization will need to communi-
                                    cate its plans; obtain, install and configure any necessary software; and per-
                                    form the actual data migration. A pre-migration data validation test is
                                    recommended, in addition to post-migration validation testing. These tests
                                    confirm that the data is in the same state after the migration as it was before.

                                    Clearly, the most important part of this stage is the migration itself. As out-
                                    lined earlier, software technology can simplify this process by enhancing the
                                    speed of migration, minimizing or nearly eliminating application downtime,
                                    and enabling migration during regular business hours—all of which can help
                                    the organization get back to business as quickly as possible.
Best practices for data migration
Page 13




                                              Data migration methodology: Validate
                     Highlights
                                              After the migration is complete, the IT organization should compile migration
                                              statistics and prepare a report to highlight what worked, what didn’t work and
                                              lessons learned. The report should be shared with all members of the migra-
                                              tion team. These types of reports are critical in building a repeatable and con-
                                              sistent process through continuous process improvement—building on what
                                              worked and fixing or changing what didn’t work. Further, documenting the
                                              migration process can help train staff, and simplify or streamline the next
                                              migration, reducing both expense and risk.

       Documenting the migration process
                                              Migration and validation methodology approach
       can help train staff and simplify or
                                              Based on the information gathered in the planning phase, structure the migration architec-
       streamline the next migration,
                                              ture to match the production requirements
       helping to reduce both expense
                                              Use checklists to ensure any operating patches and software are at the correct levels
       and risk.
                                              Build detailed migration procedures following the chosen architecture
                                              Put together a schedule of events with timelines to implement the migration procedures
                                              Establish an initial test plan to validate the initial installation of the Softek TDMF software
                                              Develop a cooperative deployment plan
                                              Install and configure Softek TDMF software
                                              Run the simple initial test plan that validates the software installation
                                              Implement the migration procedures and timeline built in the design phase
                                              Verify the migration completion by checking the successful completion and status of the
                                              migration jobs

                                              Table 3. Documenting the migration and methodology can help reduce expense and risk.
Best practices for data migration
Page 14




                                            Choosing data migration software
                    Highlights
                                            As discussed earlier, there are a variety of commercially available software
                                            technologies, such as IBM Softek TDMF technology, that can be used for data
                                            migration in mainframe, UNIX, Linux and Windows environments. What are
                                            some of the necessary features to consider in migration software? Clearly,
                                            the software chosen should support the operating system and source hardware
                                            platform on which the data resides, as well as support the target hardware.
                                            However, there are many capabilities beyond these that should be considered.

                                            One of these key attributes is performance—how quickly the data is copied
                                            from the source to the target. However, performance must be balanced against
       Performance must be balanced         network bandwidth and system overhead. If the data is copied at a high speed
       against network bandwidth and        but consumes too much bandwidth or I/O, production applications or systems
       system overhead.                     can be severely affected. On the other hand, if data is copied too slowly, the
                                            migration may take longer than anticipated, potentially prolonging downtime.
                                            Some migration software products, such as IBM Softek TDMF solution,
                                            include a throttling or pacing capability that minimizes impact on production
                                            applications, thus helping enable faster data movement when systems allow,
                                            and slowing down movement when I/O is required for other purposes. This
                                            capability helps IT organizations to more easily balance migration with other
                                            system demands.

                                            Another requirement to consider involves the ability to roll back the migra-
       It’s important to consider whether   tion. Essentially, if something should go wrong, can the migration be easily
       or not the migration can be easily   terminated and restarted, or can application processing continue on the
       terminated or restarted.             source data or device? This can be problematic with some technologies, such
                                            as volume managers, while it is easily done with others, including Softek
                                            TDMF technology.
Best practices for data migration
Page 15




                                             In many cases, one of the migration requirements is an increase in volume
                      Highlights             size from the source to the target. Therefore, if it is necessary to increase the
                                             volume size, the IT organization needs to be sure to select migration software,
                                             such as Softek TDMF software, that supports this capability.

                                             Another common migration situation involves unlike source and target storage
                                             hardware. While host-based products support unlike storage devices, most
       Another migration challenge is        array-based products require that the source and the target come from the
       incompatible source and target        same vendor, and may require that they be the same type or generation and
       hardware.                             the same firmware version on the storage device. Softek TDMF technology, on
                                             the other hand, is designed to be hardware independent.

                                             One of the primary reasons that data migrations occur during off-hours is to
                                             avoid application downtime during peak periods. Depending on the type of
                                             data and applications being migrated, only a narrow downtime window may be
                                             available. For example, if the human resources system is offline for 24 hours
       Softek TDMF software supports         over a weekend, there would have less of a business impact than if the online
       nondisruptive migration, which        commerce system were offline for the same period. Some systems may be so
       means the application can stay        critical to business operations that a few hours or even minutes of downtime—
       online and continue to process data   even during off-hours—may be unacceptable. A significant upgrade of
       and transactions throughout the       such a system requires that the IT organization makes sure to minimize any
       migration process. Host-based         downtime—and using that downtime for data migration is not feasible. Softek
       migration technologies—such as        TDMF software enables nondisruptive migration—meaning that the applica-
       this IBM solution—generally pro-      tion can stay online and continue to process data and transactions throughout
       vide more flexibility than do array-   the migration process.
       based technologies.
                                             Overall, host-based migration technologies generally provide more flexibility
                                             than do array-based technologies. In addition, they provide advantages over
       Softek TDMF software enables the      volume management products in that they are optimized for migration and
       nondisruptive data migration that     may include capabilities such as throttling or rollback. Also, host-based migra-
       today’s around-the-clock data cen-    tion products, such as Softek TDMF software, do not rely upon proprietary
       ters demand.                          volume managers. Finally, host-based technologies can be lightweight enough
to remain installed in the storage environment to assist with day-to-day migra-   © Copyright IBM Corporation 2009
                                                                                    IBM Global Services
tion activities. For example, many IBM clients purchase Softek TDMF tech-
                                                                                    Route 100
nology for a specific migration project, and then extend their license and           Somers, NY 10589
                                                                                    U.S.A.
continue to use it for additional routine migration tasks.
                                                                                    Produced in the United States of America
Summary                                                                             October 2009
                                                                                    All Rights Reserved
Data migration is a routine part of IT operations in today’s business environ-      IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, AIX, DB2, HACMP,
ment. Even so, it often causes major disruptions as a result of downtime or         Informix, Softek, TDMF and z/OS are
                                                                                    trademarks or registered trademarks of
application performance problems, and it can severely impact budgets. To pre-       International Business Machines Corporation in
vent these problems, organizations need a consistent and reliable methodology       the United States, other countries, or both. If
                                                                                    these and other IBM trademarked terms are
that enables them to access, plan, move and validate the migration. Further,        marked on their first occurrence in this
they need migration software that supports their specific migration require-         information with a trademark symbol (® or ™),
                                                                                    these symbols indicate U.S. registered or
ments, including operating systems, storage platforms and performance. In           common law trademarks owned by IBM at the
addition, migration products that maintain continuous data availability during      time this information was published. Such
                                                                                    trademarks may also be registered or common
the migration without affecting performance are desirable. IBM Softek TDMF          law trademarks in other countries. A current list
data migration software provides a variety of capabilities to support such          of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at
                                                                                    “Copyright and trademark information” at
requirements in mainframe, UNIX, Linux and Windows environments—and                 ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml
Softek TDMF software is designed to be storage vendor independent.                  Linux is a registered trademark of Linus
                                                                                    Torvalds.
For more information                                                                Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of
To learn more about IBM Softek TDMF data migration software, visit:                 Microsoft Corporation in the United States,
                                                                                    other countries, or both.
ibm.com/services/datamobility
                                                                                    UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open
                                                                                    Group in the United States and other countries.
                                                                                    Other product, company or service names may
                                                                                    be trademarks or service marks of others.
                                                                                    References in this publication to IBM products
                                                                                    or services do not imply that IBM intends to
                                                                                    make them available in all countries in which
                                                                                    IBM operates.




                                                                                    SDW03011-USEN-00

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Best Practices for Migration

  • 1. IBM Global Technology Services October 2009 Best practices for data migration Methodologies for assessing, planning, moving and validating data migration
  • 2. Best practices for data migration Page 2 Executive summary Contents Minimizing the effect of mainframe, UNIX®, Linux® and Microsoft® Windows® data migrations on business operations is a critical part of the data 2 Executive summary center manager’s job. In the past, migration projects were scheduled to be 4 Introduction to data migration performed during off-hours; however, today’s around-the-clock environment 6 Data migration has no application downtime window. Rather than delay the purchase or methodology: Assess deployment of new storage technology because of potential migration prob- 7 Data migration lems, IT organizations now can employ new tools and methodologies that methodology: Plan minimize the risk. New software allows nondisruptive migration, meaning that 12 Data migration methodology: Move applications remain online during data movement without significant perform- 13 Data migration ance delays. And new methodologies that help with assessing, planning, methodology: Validate migrating and validating data migrations can enable organizations to take 14 Choosing data migration advantage of customization, as well as help speed the process and ensure software data integrity. 16 Summary To promote an understanding of what it takes to accomplish a nondisruptive migration—and how IBM Softek Transparent Data Migration Facility (TDMF®) software can help meet this need—this paper identifies five key factors to consider when choosing data migration software.
  • 3. Best practices for data migration Page 3 Highlights Key data migration Description Softek TDMF capability factors There are many challenges to con- Performance How quickly can data be TDMF technology includes a sider when migrating data—and copied from the source to throttling, pacing capability the target and balanced that can speed up or slow Softek TDMF software can help against system overhead? down data movement handle them. depending on system demands in order to easily balance migration with system and network requirements. Primary volume and If something goes wrong, Protection can be easily source data protection the migration can be termi- done with the TDMF nated and application pro- solution through backout cessing restarted or (IBM z/OS® platform) or continued on the source fallback (UNIX platform) data or device. commands. Tiered storage Moving data to different TDMF technology allows the array or to different storage migration of data between media to improve price for different disk- storage media performance with minimal (for example, DASD or disruption. SATA) for optimum price for performance. Multivendor environments Many data centers use TDMF technology is hard- hardware from several ven- ware independent, support- dors, which can result in ing nondisruptive migration source and target hardware in multivendor environments. being from different vendors. Application downtime Applications have different TDMF technology allows for levels of business criticality nondisruptive data migra- and therefore have varying tion, so applications can degrees of acceptable stay online and continue to downtime process data throughout the migration process.
  • 4. Best practices for data migration Page 4 Introduction to data migration Highlights Data migration is the process of making an exact copy of an organization’s current data from one device and placing it on another device—preferably without disrupting or disabling active applications—and then redirecting all input and output (I/O) activity to the new device. There are a variety of circumstances that might cause an organization to undertake a data migration, including: ● Server or storage technology replacement or upgrade ● Server or storage consolidation ● Relocation of the data center ● Server or storage optimization, including workload balancing or other performance-related maintenance These scenarios are fairly routine parts of IT operations in organizations of Any change in the storage virtually any size. The majority of organizations today migrate data quarterly, infrastructure, whether it is a tech- and many are even migrating data more frequently to optimize their environ- nology refresh, consolidation, relo- ments and respond to business needs. However, even routine processes can cation or storage optimization, cause problems for IT administrators and managers. These problems include, requires an organization to but are not limited to: migrate data. ● Extended or unexpected downtime ● Data corruption, missing data or data loss ● Application performance issues ● Technical compatibility issues
  • 5. Best practices for data migration Page 5 In order to prevent these problems from affecting business operations, the Highlights vast majority of data migration projects typically are scheduled to occur dur- ing off-hours, primarily during weekends. However, this can increase migra- tion costs as a result of staff overtime, and it can negatively impact IT staff morale. Furthermore, taking systems down for migration, even over the week- end, can severely affect business operations—especially if there are problems bringing the systems back online. In fact, the potential problems with data migration cause some organizations When systems must be taken down to delay the deployment of new technology, or even to delay purchasing new for migration, business operations technology. Such delays can, in and of themselves, be detrimental, because can be seriously affected. A key older hardware may require more hands-on maintenance, generally has lower way to minimize the business performance and is more prone to failure. impact of data migration is to use Most organizations seek to deploy new technology to eliminate such issues; best practices that incorporate therefore, delays in implementing new technology present a business risk. In planning, technology implementa- addition, delaying deployment of a new storage device that has already been tion and validation. purchased or leased raises its effective cost, as the company is amortizing the cost of both the old and new devices or is paying lease fees for both old and new devices. How can organizations minimize the business impacts of data migration— downtime, data loss and increased cost? The best way is to employ a consis- tent, reliable and repeatable methodology for migrations that incorporates assessing the current environment, planning the migration, moving the data and validating the migration based on established success criteria. The rest of this paper focuses on migration best practices, as well as supporting software technologies.
  • 6. Best practices for data migration Page 6 Highlights A robust data migration Assess Plan Move Validate methodology progresses from assess to planning to moving and validation. Software Services Services and Services services What and how much How data is moved Move data from Verify data was data must be moved from source to target source to target successfully moved from source environ- environment environment as planned from source to target ment to target environment environment The different phases of data migration Data migration methodology: Assess The first phase in the data migration methodology is the assessment phase. During this phase in the data migration, the environment is discovered and recorded so that there is sufficient information available to perform the plan- ning phase. The results of the assessment phase consist of reports that can be used to determine the scope, cost and recommended method of performing the data migration.
  • 7. Best practices for data migration Page 7 Data migration methodology: Plan Highlights While the amount of planning depends on the size and scope of the migra- tion, the planning process generally should involve determining the require- ments of the migration, identifying the current and future environment, and creating and documenting the migration plan. During the planning stage, determining what hardware or software is needed to successfully perform the migration is required. The design requirements include migration architec- ture, specific hardware and software requirements, migration procedures and deployment and test plans. As necessary, the IT organization should also obtain any software licenses it needs to perform the migration. The more important the data is to business operations and the greater the Solid migration planning can help complexity of the environment, the more critical migration planning is. Solid identify potential problems and migration planning can help identify where potential problems might occur how to avoid them or, if problems and how to avoid them, and it can help IT professionals define mitigation are unavoidable, help IT profession- strategies if problems are unavoidable. Migration planning also can help als define migration strategies. define which data to migrate first, whether and how long to take applications offline, and which internal and external audiences should be informed regard- ing the migration. Proper migration planning involves more than just the IT staff. The business owners of the applications and data being migrated should also be included— particularly as the IT organization determines how important a given applica- tion or set of data is to the business.
  • 8. Best practices for data migration Page 8 Example migration plan Action item Assigned to Status Date Establish a migration management team Gather availability and production schedules Document change control procedures so they can be incorporated into the migration procedures and plans Document the timeline for activities for both hardware changes and the data migration Announce the migration at least 30 days before the intended target migration date Gather information about the storage server environment and applications (list, drawing or both) Work with the storage vendor to understand the new storage configuration
  • 9. Best practices for data migration Page 9 Example migration plan (continued) Action item Assigned to Status Date Create a technical migration team Inform the security and compliance groups about the migration Schedule a pre-migration rehearsal that includes all the members of the migration team and a data sampling that enables the application groups to appropriately conduct the pre- and post-migration verification process Follow the required change control process Establish a migration status call-in process Utilize a migration planning checklist to ensure that all the pre-migration planning steps have been executed Table 1. This table depicts a suggested list of action items for a migration plan.
  • 10. Best practices for data migration Page 10 Otherwise, for example, the IT department might plan a migration of the Highlights financial system on the same weekend that the finance department is finaliz- ing quarterly numbers. While this may represent a unique situation, the point remains that keeping all interested parties in the loop about data migrations can minimize possible conflicts. In planning a migration, it is important to understand design requirements, including migration and replication requirements, time schedule, vendors involved and the configuration of the hardware. When sizing data migrations, there are many items to consider, such as the number of servers, the operating Migration design requirements system levels, the amount of storage, the volume managers, types of databases include migration and replication and applications, network speeds and server clusters. In looking at the time requirements, time schedule, ven- schedule, the IT organization should create estimates for planning (planning dors and hardware configuration. typically accounts for 25 percent of the total schedule), installation and setup time, data copy time and production cutover. An example of a schedule for a simple data migration is shown here: ● Planning: two days ● Installation and setup: two hours ● Data copy: two hours and 30 minutes for one server ● Production cutover: minimal, performed in offline mode ● Vendor onsite: eight hours ● Professional services: three days
  • 11. Best practices for data migration Page 11 There are a variety of software products that can be used to migrate data, Highlights including volume-management products, host- or array-based replication products and relocation utilities—as well as custom-developed scripts. Each of these has strengths and weaknesses surrounding performance, operating sys- tem support, storage-vendor platform support and whether or not application downtime is required to migrate the data. Some of these products enable online migration of data—so applications don’t need to be taken offline during the migration process. A subset of these provides nondisruptive migration, which means that applications not only remain online, but also that applica- IT organizations must carefully tion processing continues without interruption or significant performance explore software options in order to delays. Therefore, IT organizations should carefully explore software options. determine the best software tech- Specific requirements can help determine the best software technology to use nology to use for each migration. for each migration. Sample migration design requirements Server environment Server manufacturer Number of processors Number of logical partitions (LPARs) or domains Type of file system (UFS, VxFS, HFS, JFS, JFS2 [inline or outline], NFS, NTFS, FAT, FAT32) Operating system (OS) version (IBM AIX® 5.1, IBM z/OS 1.4 platform) OS addressing (31-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit) Databases to be moved (IBM DB2®, IBM Informix®, Oracle, SQL, Sybase databases) Database version Database size Availability requirements of databases (any existing service level agreements, downtime issues to consider) Cluster environment (such as MSCS, VERITAS, Sun, IBM HACMP™, and MC/Service Guard environments)
  • 12. Best practices for data migration Page 12 Sample migration design requirements (continued) Storage environment Storage vendor and model Channel type (ESCON, FICON, Fibre, iSCSI, SAN) SAN HBA and Model (Qlogic, Emulex, JNI) Number of channel paths Logical to physical mapping (RAID-1 vs. RAID-5) Number of source volumes to be migrated Volume sizes Target volumes to receive source data Network environment (if applicable) Topology Speed of network Table 2. This table shows a requirements list that can be used to help simplify migrations. Data migration methodology: Move During the actual migration phase, the IT organization will need to communi- cate its plans; obtain, install and configure any necessary software; and per- form the actual data migration. A pre-migration data validation test is recommended, in addition to post-migration validation testing. These tests confirm that the data is in the same state after the migration as it was before. Clearly, the most important part of this stage is the migration itself. As out- lined earlier, software technology can simplify this process by enhancing the speed of migration, minimizing or nearly eliminating application downtime, and enabling migration during regular business hours—all of which can help the organization get back to business as quickly as possible.
  • 13. Best practices for data migration Page 13 Data migration methodology: Validate Highlights After the migration is complete, the IT organization should compile migration statistics and prepare a report to highlight what worked, what didn’t work and lessons learned. The report should be shared with all members of the migra- tion team. These types of reports are critical in building a repeatable and con- sistent process through continuous process improvement—building on what worked and fixing or changing what didn’t work. Further, documenting the migration process can help train staff, and simplify or streamline the next migration, reducing both expense and risk. Documenting the migration process Migration and validation methodology approach can help train staff and simplify or Based on the information gathered in the planning phase, structure the migration architec- streamline the next migration, ture to match the production requirements helping to reduce both expense Use checklists to ensure any operating patches and software are at the correct levels and risk. Build detailed migration procedures following the chosen architecture Put together a schedule of events with timelines to implement the migration procedures Establish an initial test plan to validate the initial installation of the Softek TDMF software Develop a cooperative deployment plan Install and configure Softek TDMF software Run the simple initial test plan that validates the software installation Implement the migration procedures and timeline built in the design phase Verify the migration completion by checking the successful completion and status of the migration jobs Table 3. Documenting the migration and methodology can help reduce expense and risk.
  • 14. Best practices for data migration Page 14 Choosing data migration software Highlights As discussed earlier, there are a variety of commercially available software technologies, such as IBM Softek TDMF technology, that can be used for data migration in mainframe, UNIX, Linux and Windows environments. What are some of the necessary features to consider in migration software? Clearly, the software chosen should support the operating system and source hardware platform on which the data resides, as well as support the target hardware. However, there are many capabilities beyond these that should be considered. One of these key attributes is performance—how quickly the data is copied from the source to the target. However, performance must be balanced against Performance must be balanced network bandwidth and system overhead. If the data is copied at a high speed against network bandwidth and but consumes too much bandwidth or I/O, production applications or systems system overhead. can be severely affected. On the other hand, if data is copied too slowly, the migration may take longer than anticipated, potentially prolonging downtime. Some migration software products, such as IBM Softek TDMF solution, include a throttling or pacing capability that minimizes impact on production applications, thus helping enable faster data movement when systems allow, and slowing down movement when I/O is required for other purposes. This capability helps IT organizations to more easily balance migration with other system demands. Another requirement to consider involves the ability to roll back the migra- It’s important to consider whether tion. Essentially, if something should go wrong, can the migration be easily or not the migration can be easily terminated and restarted, or can application processing continue on the terminated or restarted. source data or device? This can be problematic with some technologies, such as volume managers, while it is easily done with others, including Softek TDMF technology.
  • 15. Best practices for data migration Page 15 In many cases, one of the migration requirements is an increase in volume Highlights size from the source to the target. Therefore, if it is necessary to increase the volume size, the IT organization needs to be sure to select migration software, such as Softek TDMF software, that supports this capability. Another common migration situation involves unlike source and target storage hardware. While host-based products support unlike storage devices, most Another migration challenge is array-based products require that the source and the target come from the incompatible source and target same vendor, and may require that they be the same type or generation and hardware. the same firmware version on the storage device. Softek TDMF technology, on the other hand, is designed to be hardware independent. One of the primary reasons that data migrations occur during off-hours is to avoid application downtime during peak periods. Depending on the type of data and applications being migrated, only a narrow downtime window may be available. For example, if the human resources system is offline for 24 hours Softek TDMF software supports over a weekend, there would have less of a business impact than if the online nondisruptive migration, which commerce system were offline for the same period. Some systems may be so means the application can stay critical to business operations that a few hours or even minutes of downtime— online and continue to process data even during off-hours—may be unacceptable. A significant upgrade of and transactions throughout the such a system requires that the IT organization makes sure to minimize any migration process. Host-based downtime—and using that downtime for data migration is not feasible. Softek migration technologies—such as TDMF software enables nondisruptive migration—meaning that the applica- this IBM solution—generally pro- tion can stay online and continue to process data and transactions throughout vide more flexibility than do array- the migration process. based technologies. Overall, host-based migration technologies generally provide more flexibility than do array-based technologies. In addition, they provide advantages over Softek TDMF software enables the volume management products in that they are optimized for migration and nondisruptive data migration that may include capabilities such as throttling or rollback. Also, host-based migra- today’s around-the-clock data cen- tion products, such as Softek TDMF software, do not rely upon proprietary ters demand. volume managers. Finally, host-based technologies can be lightweight enough
  • 16. to remain installed in the storage environment to assist with day-to-day migra- © Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 IBM Global Services tion activities. For example, many IBM clients purchase Softek TDMF tech- Route 100 nology for a specific migration project, and then extend their license and Somers, NY 10589 U.S.A. continue to use it for additional routine migration tasks. Produced in the United States of America Summary October 2009 All Rights Reserved Data migration is a routine part of IT operations in today’s business environ- IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, AIX, DB2, HACMP, ment. Even so, it often causes major disruptions as a result of downtime or Informix, Softek, TDMF and z/OS are trademarks or registered trademarks of application performance problems, and it can severely impact budgets. To pre- International Business Machines Corporation in vent these problems, organizations need a consistent and reliable methodology the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are that enables them to access, plan, move and validate the migration. Further, marked on their first occurrence in this they need migration software that supports their specific migration require- information with a trademark symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or ments, including operating systems, storage platforms and performance. In common law trademarks owned by IBM at the addition, migration products that maintain continuous data availability during time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common the migration without affecting performance are desirable. IBM Softek TDMF law trademarks in other countries. A current list data migration software provides a variety of capabilities to support such of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at “Copyright and trademark information” at requirements in mainframe, UNIX, Linux and Windows environments—and ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml Softek TDMF software is designed to be storage vendor independent. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. For more information Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of To learn more about IBM Softek TDMF data migration software, visit: Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. ibm.com/services/datamobility UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Other product, company or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. References in this publication to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in all countries in which IBM operates. SDW03011-USEN-00