1. Supplementary Training Modules on
Good Manufacturing Practice
Validation
WHO Technical Report Series,
No. 937, 2006. Annex 4.
Validation | Slide 1 of 48 August 2006
2. Validation
Part 1. General overview on qualification and validation
Part 2. Qualification of HVAC and water systems
Part 3. Cleaning validation
Part 4. Analytical method validation
Part 5. Computerized system validation
Part 6. Qualification of systems and equipment
Part 7. Non sterile product process validation
Validation | Slide 2 of 48 August 2006
3. Supplementary Training Modules on
Good Manufacturing Practice
Qualification of HVAC
and water systems
Part 2
WHO Technical Report Series, No. 937,
2006. Annex 4. Appendix 1 and 2
Validation | Slide 3 of 48 August 2006
4. HVAC
Objectives
To understand key issues in
– commissioning,
– qualification and
– maintenance of
HVAC and Water systems
8.
Validation | Slide 4 of 48 August 2006
5. HVAC
Documentation requirements to assist in commissioning,
qualification and maintenance
Description of design, installation and functions
Specifications, requirements
Manuals
Operating procedures
Instructions for performance control, monitoring and records
Maintenance instructions and records
Training of personnel
― programme and records
Validation | Slide 5 of 48 August 2006
6. HVAC
Commissioning
Precursor to qualification
Includes setting up, balancing, adjustment and testing of entire
HVAC system to ensure it meets requirements in URS and
capacity
Acceptable tolerances for parameters
Training of personnel
8.1.1, 8.1.4, 8.1.5
Validation | Slide 6 of 48 August 2006
7. HVAC
Commissioning (2)
Records and data maintained include:
Installation records – documented evidence of measure
capacities of the system
Data: design and measurement for, e.g. air flow, system
pressures
O&M manuals, schematic drawings, protocols, reports
8.1.2, 8.1.3, 8.1.6
Validation | Slide 7 of 48 August 2006
8. HVAC
Qualification
Validation is an extensive exercise
Qualification of the HVAC system is one component in the
overall approach that covers premises, systems/utilities,
equipment, processes, etc.
See also full guidelines on "Validation" in WHO TRS, No. 937,
2005, Annex 4
Risk based approach for HVAC qualification
8.2.1
Validation | Slide 8 of 48 August 2006
9. HVAC
Qualification (2)
Described in a Validation Master Plan (VMP)
VMP to include the nature and extent of tests, and protocols
DQ, IQ, OQ, and PQ
Risk analysis to determine critical and non-critical parameters,
components, subsystems and controls
8.2.2 – 8.2.5
Validation | Slide 9 of 48 August 2006
10. HVAC
Qualification (3)
Direct impact components and critical parameters should be
included
Non-critical systems and components are subjected to Good
Engineering Practices (GEP)
Acceptance criteria and limits defined in design stage
Design conditions, normal operating ranges, operating
ranges, alert and action limits
8.2.5 – 8.2.11
Validation | Slide 10 of 48 August 2006
11. HVAC
Design A C T IO N L IM IT A C T IO N L IM IT
conditions A L E R T L IM IT A L E R T L IM IT
and normal
operating
ranges set to
achievable
limits
OOS results D e s ig n C o n d itio n
recorded
N o r m a l O p e r a tin g R a n g e
O p e r a tin g R a n g e - V a lid a te d A c c e p ta n c e C r ite r ia
8.2.12 – 8.2.15
Validation | Slide 11 of 48 August 2006
12. HVAC
Qualification – examples of aspects to consider
DQ – Design of the system, URS
– (e.g. components, type of air treatment needed, materials
of construction)
IQ – Verify installation
– E.g. relevant components, ducting, filters, controls,
monitors, sensors, etc.
– Includes calibration where relevant
Validation | Slide 12 of 48 August 2006
13. HVAC
Qualification (4)
Typical parameters to be included in qualification (based on risk
assessment):
Temperature
Relative humidity
Supply, return and exhaust air quantities
Room air change rates
Room pressures (pressure differentials)
8.2.17
Validation | Slide 13 of 48 August 2006
14. HVAC
Qualification (5)
Typical parameters to be included in qualification (based on risk
assessment) (2):
Room clean-up rate
Particulate matter, microbial matter (viable and non-viable)
HEPA filter penetration tests
Containment system velocity
Warning/alarm systems
8.2.17
Validation | Slide 14 of 48 August 2006
15. HVAC
Qualification (6)
Conduct of the tests:
Time intervals and procedure to be defined by the manufacturer
Influenced by the type of facility and level of protection
See also ISO 14644 for methods of testing
Requalification, and change control
8.2.18 – 8.2.20, 8.2.9
Validation | Slide 15 of 48 August 2006
16. HVAC
Qualification (7)
Tests performed according to protocols and procedures for
the tests
Results recorded and presented in report (source data kept)
Traceability, e.g. devices and standards used, calibration
records; and conditions specified
Validation | Slide 16 of 48 August 2006
17. HVAC
Schedule of tests to demonstrate continuing compliance
Test Parameter Objective Maximum time Test procedure*
interval and key aspects
Particle count test Verifies cleanliness 6 months or 12 Particle counter.
months depending on Readings and
Class positions
Air pressure Absence of cross- 12 months Measure pressure
difference contamination difference
Airflow volume Verify air change 12 months Measure supply and
rates return air, calculate
air change rate
Airflow velocity Verify unidirectional 12 months Velocity
airflow and or measurement
containment condition
8. Table 3
*Test procedure as per ISO 14644
Validation | Slide 17 of 48 August 2006
18. HVAC
Recommended optional strategic tests
Test Parameter Objective Maximum time Test procedure*
interval and key aspects
Filter leakage Verify filter integrity 12 months Filter media and filter
seal integrity
Containment leakage Verify absence of 12 months Airflow direction and
cross-contamination pressure differential
Recovery (time) Verify clean-up time 12 months Time taken maximum
15 minutes
Airflow visualization Verify required airflow 12 months Airflow direction,
patterns documented evidence
*Test procedure as per ISO 14644
8. Table 3
Validation | Slide 18 of 48 August 2006
19. HVAC
Cleanroom monitoring programme (1)
Routine monitoring programme as part of quality assurance
Additional monitoring and triggers, e.g.
1. Shutdown
2. Replacement of filter elements
3. Maintenance of air-handling systems
4. Exceeding of established limits
Validation | Slide 19 of 48 August 2006
20. HVAC
Cleanroom monitoring programme (2)
Particles and Microbiological
contaminants
Number of points/locations for monitoring determined,
specified, documented in procedure and or protocol
Sufficient time for exposure, and suitable sample size
Identification and marking of sampling points
Definition of transport, storage, and incubation conditions
Results to reflect the procedure/protocol followed
Define alert and action limits as a function of cleanliness
zone/class See also ISO 14644
Validation | Slide 20 of 48 August 2006
21. HVAC
Cleanroom monitoring programme (3)
Cleanrooms should be monitored for microorganisms and
particles
air
Example of a sampling point
Validation | Slide 21 of 48 August 2006
22. HVAC
Definition of Conditions
as built at rest in operation
air air air
Validation | Slide 22 of 48 August 2006
23. HVAC
Qualification – examples of aspects to consider in
qualification (OQ, PQ)
Uni-directional Turbulent / mixed
Test Description
airflow / LAF airflow
Differential pressure on filters 2 2
Room differential pressure N/A 2, 3 1 := As built (ideally used to perform IQ)
2 = At rest (ideally used to perform OQ)
Airflow velocity / uniformity 2, 3 Optional
3 = Operational (ideally used to perform PQ)
Airflow volume / rate 2 2
Parallelism 2 N/A
Airflow pattern 2 3
Validation | Slide 23 of 48 August 2006
24. HVAC
Qualification – examples of aspects to consider in
qualification (OQ, PQ)
Uni-directional Turbulent /
Test Description
airflow / LAF mixed airflow
Recovery time N/A 2 1 := As built (ideally used to perform IQ)
Room classification (airborne particle) 2 2,3 2 = At rest (ideally used to perform OQ)
Temperature, humidity N/A 2,3 3 = Operational (ideally used to perform PQ)
Validation | Slide 24 of 48 August 2006
25. HVAC
Maintenance
Procedure, programme and records for planned, preventative
maintenance
– e.g. Cleaning of filters, calibration of devices
Appropriate training for personnel
Change of HEPA filters by suitably trained persons
Impact of maintenance on:
– Product quality
8.3.1 – 8.3.5
– Qualification
Validation | Slide 25 of 48 August 2006
26. HVAC
Inspecting the air-handling system
Verification of design documentation, including
description of installation and functions
specification of the requirements
Operating procedures
Maintenance instructions
Maintenance records
Training logs
Environmental records
Discussion on actions if OOS values
On site verification (walking around the site)
Validation | Slide 26 of 48 August 2006
27. HVAC
Conclusion
Air-handling systems:
Play a major role in the quality of pharmaceuticals
Should be designed properly, by professionals
Should be treated as a critical system
Validation | Slide 27 of 48 August 2006
28. HVAC
Further proceedings
This series of explanations will now be followed by:
Group discussion, with a simple exercise
Short test
Validation | Slide 28 of 48 August 2006
29. HVAC
Group Session
S a m p lin g
Rooom S e rv i c e C o rrid o r
( c o n t a in s V a c u u m & R O w a t e r s u p p ly )
A ir S h o w e r
W a re h o u se
A ir L o c k 2 W e ig h in g T a b le t 1 T a b le t 2 L iq u id s M ix S o ftg e l C a p su le
P a c kin g
A / Lock 1
C le a n C o rrid o r
E m ergenc y
E x it
M a le F e m a le
2 S ta g e Change 2 Change 2
S te ril e e y e d ro p s p e rso n n e l P ri m a ry & S e c o n d a ry
d isp e n sin g e n try fo r P a c ke d
P a c kin g
& a c e p tic fillin g e y e d ro p s G oods
A ir L o c k 3
Q u a ra n tin e
M a le F e m a le
Change 1 Change 1
E q u ip m e n t W a sh A ir L o c k 4
S e rv ic e R o o m
Validation | Slide 29 of 48 August 2006
30. HVAC
Group Session – modified layout
20P a S a m p lin g
Rooom 0P a S e rv ic e C o rrid o r
30P a ( c o n t a in s V a c u u m & R O w a t e r s u p p ly )
A ir S h o w e r
20P a 30P a
10P a
W e ig h P o st
B o o th S ta g in g S o ftg e l C a p su le
W a re h o u se
20P a 30P a T a b le t 1 T a b le t 2 L iq u id s M ix P a c kin g
M AL 2 15P a 15P a 30P a
0P a
A ir L o c k
M A L1
15P a
30P a
C l e a n C o rri d o r
E m ergenc y
E x it
20P a 20P a
PAL
40P a M a le F e m a le 10P a
M AL 3 Change 2 Change 2 S e c o n d a ry P rim a ry
S te ril e e y e d ro p s P a c kin g P a c kin g
40P a d isp e n sin g P a c ke d
& a sc e p tic fillin g G oods
Q u a ra n ti n e 20P a 30P a
10P a 10P a
60P a
Change M a le F e m a le
15P a M AL 4
50P a Change 1 Change 1
E q u ip m e n t W a sh 50P a A ir L o c k 4
S e rv ic e R o o m 0P a
0P a
0P a
MAL = Material Air Lock
PAL = Personnel Air Lock
Validation | Slide 30 of 48 August 2006
31. Supplementary Training Modules on
Good Manufacturing Practice
Commissioning,
Qualification and
validation of Water
systems
WHO Technical Report Series
No 929, 2005. Annex 3
Validation | Slide 31 of 48 August 2006
32. HVAC
Objectives
To understand key issues in
– commissioning,
– qualification and
– maintenance of
HVAC and Water systems
7.
Validation | Slide 32 of 48 August 2006
33. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Objectives
To discuss the operational considerations of water systems
including:
Start up, commissioning and qualification
Monitoring
Maintenance
System reviews
7.
Validation | Slide 33 of 48 August 2006
34. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Start up and commissioning
Precursor to qualification and validation
Should be planned, well defined, well documented
Includes setting to work
Includes system set-up
Includes recording of system performance parameters
Controls loop tuning
7.1
Validation | Slide 34 of 48 August 2006
35. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Qualification
WPU systems are "direct impact systems"
Therefore stages to be considered in qualification should
include DQ, IQ, OQ, PQ
DQ: Design review influenced by source water and required
water quality
IQ: Installation verification of the system
7.2
Validation | Slide 35 of 48 August 2006
36. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Qualification
OQ: operational qualification
Presentation focusing on PQ
PQ demonstrates consistent and reliable performance of the
system
Three phase approach recommended over extended period –
proves reliability and robustness
7.2
Validation | Slide 36 of 48 August 2006
37. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Phase 1 (1)
A test period of 2–4 weeks - monitoring the system intensively
System to operate continuously without failure or performance
deviation
The following should be included in the testing approach:
Undertake chemical and microbiological testing in accordance
with a defined plan
7.2
Validation | Slide 37 of 48 August 2006
38. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Phase 1 (2)
Sample daily:
– incoming feed-water
– after each step in the purification process
– each point of use and at other defined sample points
Develop:
– appropriate operating ranges
– and finalize operating, cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance
procedures
7.2
Validation | Slide 38 of 48 August 2006
39. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Phase 1 (3)
Demonstrate production and delivery of product water of the
required quality and quantity
Use and refine the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for
operation, maintenance, sanitization and troubleshooting
Verify provisional alert and action levels
Develop and refine test-failure procedure
7.2
Validation | Slide 39 of 48 August 2006
40. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Phase 2 (1)
A further test period of 2–4 weeks – further intensive monitoring
the system
Deploying all the refined SOPs after the satisfactory completion
of phase 1
Sampling scheme generally the same as in phase 1
Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase
7.2
Validation | Slide 40 of 48 August 2006
41. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Phase 2 (2)
Demonstrate:
Consistent operation within established ranges
Consistent production and delivery of water of the required
quantity and quality when the system is operated in accordance
with the SOPs.
7.2
Validation | Slide 41 of 48 August 2006
42. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Phase 3
Over one year after the satisfactory completion of phase 2
Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase
Demonstrate:
– extended reliable performance
– that seasonal variations are evaluated
Sample locations, sampling frequencies and tests should be
reduced to the normal routine pattern based on established
procedures proven during phases 1 and 2 7.2
Validation | Slide 42 of 48 August 2006
43. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Ongoing system monitoring
After Phase 3 – system review needed
Based on review including results, establish a routine monitoring
plan
Monitoring to include a combination of on-line monitoring and off-
line sample testing
Data analysed for trends
7.3
Validation | Slide 43 of 48 August 2006
44. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Ongoing system monitoring (2)
Monitoring parameters to include:
– flow, pressure, temperature, conductivity, TOC
Samples taken:
– From points of use, and specific sample points
– In a similar way how water is used in service
Tests to include physical, chemical and microbial attributes
7.3
Validation | Slide 44 of 48 August 2006
45. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
Maintenance
A controlled, documented maintenance programme
covering:
Defined frequency with plan and instructions
Calibration programme
SOPs for tasks
Control of approved spares
7.4
Record and review of problems and faults during maintenance
Validation | Slide 45 of 48 August 2006
46. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
System review
WPU (PW, HPW and WFI) systems to be reviewed at
appropriate regular intervals
Review team includes engineering, QA, operations and
maintenance
7.5
Validation | Slide 46 of 48 August 2006
47. Water for Pharmaceutical Use
System review (2)
The review to cover, e.g.
– changes made since the last review;
– system performance;
– reliability;
– quality trends;
– failure events;
– investigations;
– out-of-specifications results from monitoring;
– changes to the installation;
– updated installation documentation;
– log books; and
– the status of the current SOP lists 7.5
Validation | Slide 47 of 48 August 2006
48. Validation
Group session
Validation | Slide 48 of 48 August 2006
Notas do Editor
दिसंबर 4, 2012 In this supplementary training module, we will be looking at the recommendations by WHO, on Validation and qualification. The module consists of 7 parts: Part 1. General overview on qualification and validation Part 2. Qualification of HVAC and water systems Part 3. Cleaning validation Part 4. Analytical method validation Part 5. Computerized system validation Part 6. Qualification of systems and equipment Part 7. Non sterile product process validation Each part deals with a specific topic, and each part can be presented in about one to one and a half hours time. Presenters should know the topics and add practical examples to the texts taken from the WHO guideline.
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दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 First number of slides dealing with HVAC, followed by water systems
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दिसंबर 4, 2012 8 . Commissioning, qualification and maintenance 8.1 Commissioning 8.1.1 Commissioning should include the setting up, balancing, adjustment and testing of the entire HVAC system, to ensure that it meets all the requirements, as specifi ed in the user requirement specifi cation (URS), and capacities as specifi ed by the designer or developer . 8.1.2 The installation records of the system should provide documented evidence of all measured capacities of the system . 8.1.3 The data should include items such as the design and measurement fi gures for airfl ows, water fl ows, system pressures and electrical amperages . These should be contained in the operating and maintenance manuals ( O & M manuals ). 8.1.4 Acceptable tolerances for all system parameters should be specifi ed prior to commencing the physical installation . 8.1.5 Training should be provided to personnel after installation of the system, and should include operation and maintenance .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 8.1.3 The data should include items such as the design and measurement fi gures for airfl ows, water fl ows, system pressures and electrical amperages . These should be contained in the operating and maintenance manuals ( O & M manuals ). 8.1.4 Acceptable tolerances for all system parameters should be specifi ed prior to commencing the physical installation . 8.1.5 Training should be provided to personnel after installation of the system, and should include operation and maintenance . 8.1.6 O & M manuals, schematic drawings, protocols and reports should be maintained as reference documents for any future changes and upgrades to the system .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 8.2 Qualifi cation 8.2.1 Validation is a many-faceted and extensive activity and is beyond the scope of these guidelines. Qualifi cation and validation guidelines are included in: Expert Committee on Specifi cations for Pharmaceutical Preparations . Fortieth report . Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 937), Annex 4 (see also Fig. 28 ).
दिसंबर 4, 2012 8.2.2 The qualifi cation of the HVAC system should be described in a validation master plan (VMP ). 8.2.3 It should defi ne the nature and extent of testing and the test procedures and protocols to be followed . 8.2.4 Stages of the qualifi cation of the HVAC system should include DQ , IQ, OQ and PQ . 8.2.5 Critical and non-critical parameters should be determined by means of a risk analysis for all HVAC installation components, subsystems and controls .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 8.2.5 Critical and non-critical parameters should be determined by means of a risk analysis for all HVAC installation components, subsystems and controls . 8.2.6 Any parameter that may affect the quality of the pharmaceutical product, or a direct impact component, should be considered a critical parameter . 8.2.7 All critical parameters should be included in the qualifi cation process . Note: A realistic approach to differentiating between critical and noncritical parameters is required, to avoid making the validation process unnecessarily complex . Example : • The humidity of the room where the product is exposed should be considered a critical parameter when a humidity-sensitive product is being manufactured. The humidity sensors and the humidity monitoring system should, therefore, be qualifi ed. The heat transfer system, chemical drier or steam humidifi er, which is producing the humidity controlled air, is further removed from the product and may not require operational qualifi cation . Figure 28 Qualifi cation is a part of validation Equip 1 Equip 2 Equip 3 Equip 4 Equip 5 Equip 6 QUALIFICATION VALIDATION Equip 7 System 2 System 1 Process Equip, equipment . 80 Figure 29 System operating ranges • A room cleanliness classifi cation is a critical parameter and, therefore , the room air change rates and HEPA fi lters should be critical parameters and require qualifi cation. Items such as the fan generating the airfl ow and the primary and secondary fi lters are non-critical parameters, and may not require operational qualifi cation . 8.2.8 Non-critical systems and components should be subject to GEP and may not necessarily require qualifi cation . 8.2.9 A change control procedure should be followed when changes are planned to the direct impact HVAC system, its components and controls that may affect critical parameters . 8.2.10 Acceptance criteria and limits should be defi ned during the design stage . 8.2.11 The manufacturer should defi ne design conditions, normal operating ranges, operating ranges, and alert and action limits .
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 8.2.17 For a pharmaceutical facility, based on a risk assessment, some of the typical HVAC system parameters that should be qualifi ed may include : — temperature — relative humidity — supply air quantities for all diffusers — return air or exhaust air quantities — room air change rates — room pressures (pressure differentials ) — room airfl ow patterns — unidirectional fl ow velocities — containment system velocities — HEPA fi lter penetration tests — room particle counts — room clean-up rates — microbiological air and surface counts where appropriate — operation of de-dusting — warning/alarm systems where applicable .
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 8.2.18 The maximum time interval between tests should be defi ned by the manufacturer. The type of facility under test and the product level of protection should be considered . Note: Table 3 gives intervals for reference purposes only. The actual test periods may be more frequent or less frequent, depending on the product and process . 8.2.19 Periodic requalifi cation of parameters should be done at regular intervals, e.g. annually . 8.2.20 Requalifi cation should also be done when any change, which could affect system performance, takes place .
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दिसंबर 4, 2012 This slide shows a series of tests to be carried out during qualification. There are different tests for the turbulent and for the uni-directional air flows. The differential pressure on filters is an indication of the clogging of the filters: with the charging of dust on the filters, the differential pressure will increase. In order to keep the volume of air constant, the fan speed may increase, with the following consequences: Damage to filters, and passage of unfiltered air Particles and micro-organismes will be “pushed” through the filter units. (Inspectors should check whether pressure differential manometers are installed on the AHUs. Without this means of monitoring the filters, the system could go out of control causing contamination problems.) Airflow patterns are interesting to visualize (smoke tests), as zones without proper flushing can be easily identified. It is also important to monitor air flow velocities for each HEPA filter according to a program of established intervals because significant reductions in velocity can increase the possibility of contamination, and changes in velocity can affect the laminarity of the airflow. Airflow patterns should be tested for turbulence, as these can interfere with the flushing action of the air.
दिसंबर 4, 2012 The recovery time (clean-up time) is also an important parameter to be determined . O nce doors have been opened and people have been entering a room, the original conditions have been disturbed and, for a short while, before recovering, the room does not always correspond to the laid down parameters. It is important to know how long this period is. There are no regulations laid down as to how long this clean-up time should be. However, the generally accepted time to clean-up from one cleanroom classification to the next higher classification, should be less than 15 minutes. It should also be remembered that a room is to be qualified “in operation” when it ha s a certain number of people in it. A fter qualification, the number of people in that room, as challenged during qualification, cannot be exceeded. Temperature and humidity can also be important (comfort in clean areas, stability of effervescent products, etc.)
दिसंबर 4, 2012 8.3 Maintenance 8.3.1 There should be a planned preventive maintenance programme , procedures and records for the HVAC system. Records should be kept . 8.3.2 Maintenance personnel should receive appropriate training . 82 8.3.3 HEPA fi lters should be changed either by a specialist or a trained person . 8.3.4 Any maintenance activity should be assessed critically to determine any impact on product quality including possible contamination . 8.3.5 Maintenance activities should normally be scheduled to take place outside production hours, and any system stoppage should be assessed with a view to the possible need for requalifi cation of an area as a result of an interruption of the service .
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दिसंबर 4, 2012 The diagram, which is given in handout 3-3-26 , shows a layout of a small pharmaceutical plant for non-sterile tablets, liquids and soft-gel capsules, as well as aseptically filled eye-drops. The group session participants should indicate on the diagram the required cleanroom classes, room pressures (in Pa), as well as any architectural changes which they think necessary. (This layout is not ideal, but as many different types of operations have been incorporated in the facility as possible, so that different concepts can be addressed.) (Note to trainer: The next handout, 3-3-27, giving suggested modifications, should not be distributed until after the group discussion has taken place.)
दिसंबर 4, 2012 This slide indicates the proposed additions, and can be displayed after the group session discussions have taken place. See handout 3-3-27.
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 First 30 odd slides dealing with HVAC, followed by water systems
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 7 . Operational considerations 7.1 Start-up and commissioning of water systems Planned, well-de.ned, successful and well-documented commissioning is an essential precursor to successful validation of water systems . The commissioning work should include setting to work, system setup, controls loop tuning and recording of all system performance parameters. If it is intended to use or refer to commissioning data within the validation work then the quality of the commissioning work and associated data and documentation must be commensurate with the validation plan requirements .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 7.2 Qualification WPU, PW, HPW and WFI systems are all considered to be direct impact, quality critical systems that should be quali.ed. The quali.cation should follow the validation convention of design review or design quali.cation (DQ), installation quali.cation (IQ), operational quali.cation (OQ) and performance quali.cation (PQ ). This guidance does not de.ne the standard requirements for the conventional validation stages DQ, IQ and OQ, but concentrates on the particular PQ approach that should be used for WPU systems to demonstrate their consistent and reliable performance. A three-phase approach should be used to satisfy the objective of proving the reliability and robustness of the system in service over an extended period . Phase 1 . A test period of 2–4 weeks should be spent monitoring the system intensively. During this period the system should operate continuously without failure or performance deviation. The following should be included in the testing approach . • Undertake chemical and microbiological testing in accordance with a de.ned plan . • Sample the incoming feed-water daily to verify its quality . • Sample after each step in the puri.cation process daily . • Sample at each point of use and at other de.ned sample points daily . • Develop appropriate operating ranges . • Develop and .nalize operating, cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance procedures . • Demonstrate production and delivery of product water of the required quality and quantity . • Use and re.ne the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for operation, maintenance, sanitization and troubleshooting . • Verify provisional alert and action levels . • Develop and re.ne test-failure procedure . Phase 2. A further test period of 2–4 weeks should be spent carrying out further intensive monitoring while deploying all the re.ned SOPs after the satisfactory completion of phase 1. The sampling scheme should be generally the same as in phase 1. Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase. The approach should also : — demonstrate consistent operation within established ranges; and — demonstrate consistent production and delivery of water of the required quantity and quality when the system is operated in accordance with the SOPs . Phase 3 . Phase 3 typically runs for 1 year after the satisfactory completion of phase 2. Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase which has the following objectives and features . • Demonstrate extended reliable performance . • Ensure that seasonal variations are evaluated . • The sample locations, sampling frequencies and tests should be reduced to the normal routine pattern based on established procedures proven during phases 1 and 2 .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 7.2 Qualification WPU, PW, HPW and WFI systems are all considered to be direct impact, quality critical systems that should be quali.ed. The quali.cation should follow the validation convention of design review or design quali.cation (DQ), installation quali.cation (IQ), operational quali.cation (OQ) and performance quali.cation (PQ ). This guidance does not de.ne the standard requirements for the conventional validation stages DQ, IQ and OQ, but concentrates on the particular PQ approach that should be used for WPU systems to demonstrate their consistent and reliable performance. A three-phase approach should be used to satisfy the objective of proving the reliability and robustness of the system in service over an extended period . Phase 1 . A test period of 2–4 weeks should be spent monitoring the system intensively. During this period the system should operate continuously without failure or performance deviation. The following should be included in the testing approach . • Undertake chemical and microbiological testing in accordance with a de.ned plan . • Sample the incoming feed-water daily to verify its quality . • Sample after each step in the puri.cation process daily . • Sample at each point of use and at other de.ned sample points daily . • Develop appropriate operating ranges . • Develop and .nalize operating, cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance procedures . • Demonstrate production and delivery of product water of the required quality and quantity . • Use and re.ne the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for operation, maintenance, sanitization and troubleshooting . • Verify provisional alert and action levels . • Develop and re.ne test-failure procedure . Phase 2. A further test period of 2–4 weeks should be spent carrying out further intensive monitoring while deploying all the re.ned SOPs after the satisfactory completion of phase 1. The sampling scheme should be generally the same as in phase 1. Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase. The approach should also : — demonstrate consistent operation within established ranges; and — demonstrate consistent production and delivery of water of the required quantity and quality when the system is operated in accordance with the SOPs . Phase 3 . Phase 3 typically runs for 1 year after the satisfactory completion of phase 2. Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase which has the following objectives and features . • Demonstrate extended reliable performance . • Ensure that seasonal variations are evaluated . • The sample locations, sampling frequencies and tests should be reduced to the normal routine pattern based on established procedures proven during phases 1 and 2 .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 7.2 Qualification WPU, PW, HPW and WFI systems are all considered to be direct impact, quality critical systems that should be quali.ed. The quali.cation should follow the validation convention of design review or design quali.cation (DQ), installation quali.cation (IQ), operational quali.cation (OQ) and performance quali.cation (PQ ). This guidance does not de.ne the standard requirements for the conventional validation stages DQ, IQ and OQ, but concentrates on the particular PQ approach that should be used for WPU systems to demonstrate their consistent and reliable performance. A three-phase approach should be used to satisfy the objective of proving the reliability and robustness of the system in service over an extended period . Phase 1 . A test period of 2–4 weeks should be spent monitoring the system intensively. During this period the system should operate continuously without failure or performance deviation. The following should be included in the testing approach . • Undertake chemical and microbiological testing in accordance with a de.ned plan . • Sample the incoming feed-water daily to verify its quality . • Sample after each step in the puri.cation process daily . • Sample at each point of use and at other de.ned sample points daily . • Develop appropriate operating ranges . • Develop and .nalize operating, cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance procedures . • Demonstrate production and delivery of product water of the required quality and quantity . • Use and re.ne the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for operation, maintenance, sanitization and troubleshooting . • Verify provisional alert and action levels . • Develop and re.ne test-failure procedure .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 Phase 1 . A test period of 2–4 weeks should be spent monitoring the system intensively. During this period the system should operate continuously without failure or performance deviation. The following should be included in the testing approach . • Undertake chemical and microbiological testing in accordance with a de.ned plan . • Sample the incoming feed-water daily to verify its quality . • Sample after each step in the puri.cation process daily . • Sample at each point of use and at other de.ned sample points daily . • Develop appropriate operating ranges . • Develop and .nalize operating, cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance procedures . • Demonstrate production and delivery of product water of the required quality and quantity . • Use and re.ne the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for operation, maintenance, sanitization and troubleshooting . • Verify provisional alert and action levels. • Develop and re.ne test-failure procedure .
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 Phase 2. A further test period of 2–4 weeks should be spent carrying out further intensive monitoring while deploying all the re.ned SOPs after the satisfactory completion of phase 1. The sampling scheme should be generally the same as in phase 1. Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase. The approach should also : — demonstrate consistent operation within established ranges; and — demonstrate consistent production and delivery of water of the required quantity and quality when the system is operated in accordance with the SOPs .
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 Phase 3 . Phase 3 typically runs for 1 year after the satisfactory completion of phase 2. Water can be used for manufacturing purposes during this phase which has the following objectives and features . • Demonstrate extended reliable performance . • Ensure that seasonal variations are evaluated . • The sample locations, sampling frequencies and tests should be reduced to the normal routine pattern based on established procedures proven during phases 1 and 2 .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 7.3 Continuous system monitoring After completion of phase 3 of the quali.cation programme for the WPU system, a system review should be undertaken. Following this review, a routine monitoring plan should be established based on the results of phase 3 . Monitoring should include a combination of online instrument monitoring of parameters such as .ow, pressure, temperature, conductivity and total organic carbon, and of.ine sample testing for physical, chemical and microbiological attributes. Of.ine samples should be taken from points of use and speci.c sample points. Samples from points of use should be taken in a similar way to that adopted when the water is being used in service . Tests should be carried out to ensure that the selected pharmacopoeia speci.cation has been satis.ed, and should include, as appropriate, determination of conductivity, pH, heavy metals, nitrates, total organic carbon, total viable count, presence of speci.c pathogens and endotoxins. Monitoring data should be subject to trend analysis .
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 7.4 Maintenance of water systems WPU systems should be maintained in accordance with a controlled, documented maintenance programme that takes into account the following : — de.ned frequency for system elements ; — the calibration programme ; — SOPs for speci.c tasks ; — control of approved spares ; — issue of clear maintenance plan and instructions ; — review and approval of systems for use upon completion of work; and — record and review of problems and faults during maintenance .
दिसंबर 4, 2012 7.5 System reviews WPU (PW, HPW and WFI) systems should be reviewed at appropriate regular intervals. The review team should comprise representatives from engineering, QA, operations and maintenance. The review should consider matters such as : — changes made since the last review ; — system performance ; — reliability ; — quality trends ; — failure events ; — investigations ; — out-of-speci.cations results from monitoring ; — changes to the installation ; — updated installation documentation ; — log books; and — the status of the current SOP list .
दिसंबर 4, 2012
दिसंबर 4, 2012 The trainer should give the participants a case study, based on experience