Introduction on how to approach literature texts.

1. Learning Literature Effectively for SPM By, Pn Hajah Nur Aida bt Ahmad Nazeri

5. Literature for SPM 3 genres Of Literature Poetry Short Stories Novels

6. Poetry What is special or different about the poem? (imagery) What kind of pattern used in the poem? What is the message? Who is the speaker or persona? What is the poem about? When you study poetry, pay attention to -

7. Literary Aspects of poems that you need to have at the tips of your fingers for every poem you read. The subject matter/s of the poem. english test Themes The atmosphere in the poem. Mood The attitude of the writer toward the subject matter. Tone the underlying meaning of the poem. Figurative Meaning The straightforward meaning. Literal Meaning Words that repeat the same sounds, often but not always coming at the end of a line. Rhyme Creates a sense of sensory effect on the reader. Rhythm A portion of the poem set off by blank space before and after. Stanza

9. What is a novel? Reveals author’s attitude Resolution/ Conclusion Climax Deals with relationships between characters A number of characters Plot/storyline Theme/s Setting Characteristics

11. Literary Aspects you need to know to deal with short stories/novels The central idea, message or belief of the story. Themes/Issues Moral values found in the characters /story english test Values Metaphors, similes, personification, symbols, irony, etc. Literary Devices Who is telling the story? First person, third person or omniscient. Point of view The people in the text. Characters A series of events arranged in an interesting manner in time. Plot The place and the time, the ‘where’ and the ‘when’. Setting A brief account of what the story is all about. Synopsis/Summary