Get Premium Hoskote Call Girls (8005736733) 24x7 Rate 15999 with A/c Room Cas...
ย
Sl embassy presentation biodiversity
1. Biodiversity
Sights and Insights from Sri Lanka
Hemesiri Kotagama
Department of Natural Resource Economics
Sultan Qaboos University
Hemesiri Kotagama
2. Biodiversity is the Variety of Life
โข Beautiful and the ugly
โข Big and small
โข Vicious and innocent
โข Visible and invisible
โข Discovered and undiscovered
โข All โฆ life.
Hemesiri Kotagama
5. Flowering Plants
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Sri Lanka
Malaysia
Vietnam
Bangladesh
Philippines
Thailand
Indonesia
Myanmar
India
China
Number of Species / 10,000 Sq Kms
Species Diversity
Sights from Sri Lanka
Hemesiri Kotagama
6. Amphibians
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Thailand
Myanmar
China High endemicity (85%)
Species Diversity
Sights from Sri Lanka
Hemesiri Kotagama
7. Species Diversity
Sights from Sri Lanka
Reptiles
0 5 10 15 20 25
Sri Lanka
Bangladesh
Malaysia
Myanmar
Indonesia
India
China
SNAKES - 94 ( 46% Endemic). Only 5 lethal
Hemesiri Kotagama
8. Mammals
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Thailand
Indonesia
China
Hemesiri Kotagama
9. Birds
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Malaysia
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Thailand
Myanmar
Indonesia
Pakistan
India
China
Number of Species / 10,000 Sq Kms
Hemesiri Kotagama
10. Sri Lanka has Very
Diverse Floristic Regions
too โฆ
Hemesiri Kotagama
13. ENDEMISM among the Flowering
plants in the wet zone > 65%
Hemesiri Kotagama
14. Endemism high among least mobile vertebrate
fauna - > 50% in Amphibia and Reptiles,
Hemesiri Kotagama
15. FRESH WATER CRABS 59 SPP
100% ENDEMIC
Even higher
endemism among
the
INVERTEBRATES
Land snails โ 204 species . >
80% ENDEMIC.
Hemesiri Kotagama
16. Fishes they are uniqueโฆ
โข Nearly 50% endemic
Most of them are restricted
to South - western and
Mahaweli region
โข Diversity in size /
morphology / habitats /
ecology
โข Introduced
24spp
Hemesiri Kotagama
17. A large mammal - elephant in a small
island
- most unusual
Hemesiri Kotagama
18. One of 35 HOT SPOTS
of the world
Hemesiri Kotagama
19. Our biodiversity has numerous unique features
contributing to make SRI LANKA a true
โLAND LIKE NO OTHERโ
Hemesiri Kotagama
26. No Lake dwelling fish, High number of fish
with accessory respiratory organs indicate
that Sri Lanka did not have natural inland
water bodies
Hemesiri Kotagama
30. MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT
โข Maximize social welfare/ satisfaction
โข 1950: Material development
โข 1960: Equitable development
โข 1970: Qualitative development
โข 1980: Righteous development
โข 1990: Sustainable development
โข 2000: Participatory development
Hemesiri Kotagama
31. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
โข A development process that best satisfies the
present generation whilst leaving options for
the future generations to best satisfy
themselves.
โข An option that links present and future
generation is the environment.
Hemesiri Kotagama
35. Medicine
โข About 80% of the
people in developing
countries use plants as
a primary source of
medicine.
โข 57% of the 150 most-
prescribed drugs have
their origins in
biodiversity
Source: ยฉ AMNH-CBC
prepared by M.F. Laverty and E.J. Sterling
Hemesiri Kotagama
37. Financial value of biodiversity
Estimates of annual markets for some products derived from
genetic resources
Products Annual Sales (billion US$)
Low High
Pharmaceuticals 75 150
Botanical medicines 20 40
Agricultural produce 300+ 450+
Ornamental horticulture 16 19
Crop protection 0.6 3
Biotech (except health & agriculture) 60 120
Personal care & cosmetics 2.8 2.8
ROUNDED TOTAL 500 800Source: ten Kate K and Laird SA (1999), The Commercial Use of Biodiversiy, Earthscan Publications Ltd.
Hemesiri Kotagama
38. BIOPROSPECTING
Bioprospecting is BIG business!
PHARMACEUTICALS: US$300 billion
AGROCHEMICALS and SEED: US$60 billion
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE: US$16-19 billion
NATURAL MEDICINES: US$10 billion
Hemesiri Kotagama
39. AN ISSUE OF SIGNIFICANCE
Biological diversity rich nations are a prime target
for bioprospecting
So is Sri Lanka
Hemesiri Kotagama
40. โข De Silva, S. and H.B. Kotagama (1997) โValue
of Carbon Sequestration and Sink Service of
Forests in Sri Lanka: Justification for
International Resources Transfer for Forest
Conservation.โ Sri Lankan Journal of
Agricultural Sciences Vol. (35) 1998, 1-9.
Hemesiri Kotagama
41. โข Pushpakumara, Kotagama, Marambe,
Gamage, Silva, Gunaratne, Wijesundara and
Karaluvinne. 2002. Sri Lankan Journal of
Agricultural Economics. Volume 4. Part 1. Pp.
39-71. Prospects of Pharmaceutical
Prospecting to Finance Biodiversity
Conservation in Sri Lanka.
Hemesiri Kotagama
42. โข Vmp (L) = {NR*.p*.r*.a*.Vi/n}/ A
โข where: Vmp(L) is potential revenue that could be generated from
โข pharmaceutical prospecting per hectare per year,
โข NR is number of plant species at risk of extinction,
โข P is the probability of discovering a drug from a plant,
โข r is the royalty rate on pharmaceutical prospecting,
โข a is the probability of appropriating revenue generated from
pharmaceutical prospecting,
โข Vi is the value of a plant based drugs per year
โข n is the number of plants that had been used in developing drugs
โข A is extent of land under biodiversity conservation.
โข Estimate 50 โ 800 US $ / Ha
Hemesiri Kotagama
43. โข Empirical evidence suggests that
โข there exists a reasonable potential for
โข pharmaceutical prospecting to
โข generate revenues to conserve forest
โข biodiversity in Sri Lanka. This
โข potential has improved due not only
โข to the availability of high
โข biodiversity but also the high
โข availability of TKB. Based on the
โข forgoing economic analysis it could
โข be recommended that Sri Lanka
โข should attempt to formally
โข appropriate the benefits from
โข pharmaceutical prospecting,
โข dispelling bio-piracy.
Hemesiri Kotagama