Health Evidence: Facilitating use of research evidence in decisions in public health

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Health Evidence™

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[object Object],[object Object],The Health Evidence Team Paula Robeson Knowledge Broker Heather Husson Project Manager Tel: (905) 525-9140 ext. 20462 E-mail: [email_address] Kara DeCorby, Project Coordinator Tel: (905) 525-9140 ext. 20461 E-mail: [email_address] Lori Greco Knowledge Broker Daiva Tirilis Research Assistant Lyndsey McRae Research Assistant Robyn Traynor Research Assistant / Coordinator

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Topic Areas Addiction / substance use Adolescent health Adult health Child health Chronic diseases Communicable disease/ infection Dental health Environmental health Food safety & inspection Healthy communities Infant health Injury prevention/ safety Mental health Nutrition Parenting Physical activity Reproductive health Senior health Sexual health Sexually transmitted infections Social determinants of health

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Summaries – Evidence and Implications Page one: context

February 11, 2010 Fireside Chat Page two: results and what they mean

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Health Evidence - lead by Dr. Maureen Dobbins - hosted a webinar, funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (KTB-112487), on bicycle helmet promotion interventions in children, presenting key messages, and implications for practice on Thursday October 25, 2012 at 1:00 pm EST. This webinar interpreted the evidence in the following review: Owen, R., Kendrick, D., Mulvaney, C., Coleman, T., Royal, S. (2011). Non-legislative interventions for the promotion of cycle helmet wearing by children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011(11): Art. No.: CD003985.

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Health Evidence and Canadian Cochrane Centre hosted a 90 minute webinar on School-based physical activity. This work received support from KT Canada funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Key messages and implications for practice were presented on Wednesday October 30, 2013 at 1:00 pm EST. This webinar focused on interpreting the evidence in the following review: Dobbins,M., Husson, H., DeCorby K., & LaRocca, R.L. (2013). School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(2), Art. No.: CD007651. Maureen Dobbins, Scientific Director of Health Evidence, lead the webinar.

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This webinar will explore the Community Planning tool: Applying a health equity lens to program planning resource available from Fraser Health Authority in British Columbia. The resource will serve as an example of how to apply a health equity lens to complement current program planning practices. Speakers will reflect on practical examples where this tool has been applied and offer guidance on how to approach each of these steps. This webinar is co-hosted by the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health (NCCDH) and the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT).

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Les conférencières de ce webinaire offert en anglais feront état de l’outil de planification Community Planning tool : Applying a health equity lens to program planning conçu par la Fraser Health Authority, en Colombie-Britannique. L’outil servira d’exemple pour montrer comment appliquer la perspective de l’équité en santé de manière à enrichir les processus employés à l’heure actuelle pour planifier les programmes. Les conférencières feront état de certains cas où l’outil a été utilisé. Le Centre de collaboration nationale des déterminants de la santé (CCNDS) et le Centre de collaboration nationale des méthodes et outils (CCNMO) présentent ce webinaire en collaboration.

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Health Evidence™

Health Evidence™ hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effects of weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Follow this link to access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/olF1bvaofXE Dr. Alison Avenell, Clinical Chair in Health Services Research, and Sam (Chenhan) Ma, from the Health Services Research Unit at the University of Aberdeen presented an overview of findings from their latest systematic review and meta-analysis: Ma C, Avenell A, Bolland M, Hudson J, Stewart F, Robertson C, et al. (2017). Effects of weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 359, j4849. Adults with obesity have an increased risk of premature mortality, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, type 2 diabetes, and many other diseases. This review assesses whether weight loss intervention for adults with obesity affect all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and body weight. Fifty-four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 30,206 participants were identified in the review. High quality evidence showed that weight loss interventions decrease all cause mortality, with six fewer deaths per 1000 participants. Moderate quality evidence showed an effect on cardiovascular mortality, and very low quality evidence showed an effect on cancer mortality. Weight reducing diets, usually low in fat and saturated fat, with or without exercise advice or programmes, may reduce premature all cause mortality in adults with obesity.

Weight loss interventions for adults who are obese on mortality and morbidity...

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Health Evidence™ hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effect of antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women living with HIV or hepatitis B. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/91moFmIoI3w Dr. Reed A.C. Siemieniuk, MD, PhD(c), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University led the session and presented findings from their recent systematic review: Siemieniuk R, Foroutan F, Mirza R, Mah Ming J, Alexander PE, Agarwal A, et al. (2017). Antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women living with HIV or hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 7(9), e019022. This review assesses the impact of various antiretroviral/antiviral regimens in pregnant women living with HIV or hepatitis B virus (HBV). Forty-three studies were included in the review. The most common comparison was tenofovir and emtricitabine versus zidovudine and lamivudine. There was no apparent difference between tenofovir-based regimens and alternatives in maternal outcomes, including serious laboratory adverse events and serious clinical adverse events. There was no difference between NRTIs in vertical transmission of HIV or vertical transmission of HBV. We found moderate certainty evidence that tenofovir/emtricitabine increases the risk of stillbirths and early neonatal mortality and the risk of early premature delivery at less than 34 weeks. Tenofovir/emtricitabine is likely to increase stillbirth/early neonatal death and early premature delivery compared with zidovudine/lamivudine, but certainty is low when they are not coprescribed with lopinavir/ritonavir. Other outcomes are likely similar between antiretrovirals. Lyuba Lytvyn, MSc, PhD(c), Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University also briefly presented the findings from their linked systematic review on values and preferences of pregnant women with HIV: Lytvyn L, Siemieniuk R, Dilmitis S, Ion A, Chang Y, Bala M, et al. (2017). Values and preferences of women living with HIV who are pregnant, postpartum or considering pregnancy on choice of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. BMJ Open, 7(9), e019023.

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Health Evidence™ hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effect of tobacco control policies on perinatal and child health. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/pPXVfmJuLX0 Dr. Jasper Been, Consultant Neonatologist at the Erasmus University MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital and Honorary Research Fellow in the Centre for Medical Informatics at the University of Edinburgh led the session and presented findings from their recent systematic review and meta-analysis: Faber T, Kumar A, Mackenbach J, Millett C, Basu S, Sheikh A, & Been JV. (2017). Effect of tobacco control policies on perinatal and child health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 2(9), e420-e437. Tobacco smoking and smoke exposure during pregnancy and childhood cause considerable childhood morbidity and mortality. This review examines the effect of tobacco control policies on perinatal and child health. Forty-one studies were included in the review. Implementation of smoke-free legislation was associated with reductions in rates of preterm birth, rates of hospital attendance for asthma exacerbations and rates of hospital attendance for all respiratory tract infections and for lower respiratory tract infections. Among two studies assessing the association between smoke-free legislation and perinatal mortality, one showed significant reductions in stillbirth and neonatal mortality but did not report the overall effect on perinatal mortality, while the other showed no change in perinatal mortality. Meta-analysis of studies on other MPOWER policies was not possible; all four studies on increasing tobacco taxation and one of two on offering disadvantaged pregnant women help to quit smoking that reported on our primary outcomes had positive findings. These findings provide strong support for implementation of such policies comprehensively across the world.

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Health Evidence™ hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/fuWd7TJQYEI Dr. Aamer Imdad, MBBS, MPH, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University led the session and presented findings from their recent Cochrane review: Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Herzer K, & Bhutta Z. (2017). Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(3), CD008524. Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, affecting 190 million children under five years of age and leading to many adverse health consequences, including death. This review examines the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) for preventing morbidity and mortality in children aged six months to five years. Forty-seven randomized control trials involving approximately 1,223,856 children were included in this review. VAS was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in morbidity and mortality in children.

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Health Evidence™ hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) for the prevention of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems in young adults. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/c9EHJ-Ks28c Dr. David Foxcroft, President, European Society for Prevention Research (EUSPR), Professor of Community Psychology and Public Health, Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University led the session and presented findings from his recent Cochrane review: Foxcroft D, Coombes L, Wood S, Allen D, Almeida Santimano N, & Moreira M. (2016). Motivational interviewing for the prevention of alcohol misuse in young adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(7), CD007025. https://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=motivational-interviewing-prevention-alcohol-misuse-young-adults-29645 According to the World Health Organization, alcohol is responsible for approximately 9% of deaths within the 15-29 year old age bracket. This review examines the effectiveness of MI interventions for preventing alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems in young adults. Eighty-four trials with 22,872 participants were included in this review. Findings suggest that MI interventions only slightly reduce quantity of alcohol consumed, frequency of alcohol consumption, and peak blood alcohol concentration, and only marginally reduce alcohol problems in young adults aged up to 25 years, compared to no intervention/placebo/treatment as usual. This webinar provided an overview of the effectiveness of MI interventions in preventing alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems in young adults.

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Health Evidence hosted a 60 minute webinar examining breastfeeding support interventions for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/fxDY-Q87xaY Alison McFadden, Senior Research Fellow, Director, Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee and Anna Gavine, Research Fellow School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee will be leading the session and presenting findings from their recent Cochrane review: McFadden A, Gavine A, Renfrew M, Wade A, Buchanan P, Taylor J, et al. (2017). Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(2), CD001141. Evidence suggests that not breastfeeding negatively impacts the health of both infants and mothers. Additionally, data demonstrates an inadequate uptake of the World Health Organization’s recommendations regarding type and duration of breastfeeding in many countries. This review examines the impact of breastfeeding support interventions on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity in healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies, compared to usual care. One-hundred trials with over 83,246 mother-infant pairs were included in this review. Seventy-three of the one-hundred trials were involved in the data analyses. Findings suggest that breastfeeding support interventions reduce cessation of ‘any breastfeeding’ before 4 to 6 weeks and 6 months, and cessation of ‘exclusive breastfeeding’ at 4 to 6 weeks and at 6 months. This webinar will provide an overview of the impact of support on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity in healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies.

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Health Evidence™

Health Evidence hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and features of dietary and physical activity interventions associated with reducing HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/Fb6_t7_TGxw Kevin Cradock, PhD student, National University of Ireland, Galway led the session and presented findings from his recent systematic review: Cradock K, OLaighin G, Finucane F, Gainforth H, Quinlan L, & Ginis K. (2017). Behaviour change techniques targeting both diet and physical activity in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 18. Changing diet and physical activity behaviour is one of the cornerstones of type 2 diabetes treatment, but changing behaviour is challenging. The objective of this study was to identify behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention features of dietary and physical activity interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes that are associated with changes in HbA1c. Thirteen RCTs were identified. Diet and physical activity interventions achieved clinically significant reductions in HbA1c at three and six months, but not at 12 and 24 months. Specific BCTs and intervention features identified may inform more effective structured lifestyle intervention treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes.

Behaviour change techniques targeting diet and physical activity in type 2 di...

Health Evidence™

Health Evidence a organisé un webinaire de 60 minutes afin d’examiner les interventions sur Internet offrant une rétroaction personnalisée pour la perte de poids chez les adultes en surpoids et obèses. Anna Haste, chercheuse associée à l’Université de Newcastle, a animé la séance et a présenté les résultats de son récent examen systématique : Sherrington, A, Newham, J, Bell, R, Adamson, A, McColl, E, & Araujo-Soares, V. (2016). Systematic review and meta-analysis of internet-delivered interventions providing personalized feedback for weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Obesity Reviews, 17(6), 541-551. http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=systematic-review-meta-analysis-internet-delivered-interventions-providing-29586 Alors que la prévalence de l’obésité augmente, les interventions classiques en matière de perte de poids démontrent l’existence d’obstacles à la mise en œuvre et des résultats mitigés en ce qui concerne l’efficacité. Cette revue systématique et méta-analyse examinent l’impact des interventions livrées sur Internet offrant une rétroaction personnalisée pour la perte de poids chez les adultes en surpoids et obèses, par rapport au groupe témoin ne recevant pas de rétroaction personnalisée. Douze essais contrôlés randomisés, comptant un total de 3547 participants, sont inclus dans cet examen. Les données probantes suggèrent que les interventions sur Internet offrant une rétroaction personnalisée augmentent la perte de poids de 5 % après 3 et 6 mois, et diminuent l’IMC et le tour de taille après 3, 6 et ≥ 12 mois. Ce webinaire a présenté un aperçu de l’efficacité des interventions sur Internet offrant une rétroaction personnalisée pour la perte de poids chez les adultes en surpoids et obèses.

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Health Evidence™

Health Evidence hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/psmac6jkbMM Dr. Nipun Shrestha, MBBS, MPH, Postgraduate Student at Victoria University led the session and presented findings from his recent Cochrane review: Shrestha N, Kukkonen-harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, & Bhaumik S. (2016). Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(3), Art. No.: CD010912. http://healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=workplace-interventions-reducing-sitting-work-28404 Office work has become sedentary in nature. Increased sitting has been linked to increase in cardiovascular disease, obesity and overall mortality. This review examines the impact of workplace interventions to reduce sitting at work. Two cross-over randomized control trials, 11 cluster randomized trials and 4 controlled before-and-after studies, including 2180 participants are included in this review. Findings suggest that sit-stand desks may decrease workplace sitting. This webinar examined the effectiveness and components of interventions that reduce sitting at work.

Reducing sitting time at work: What's the evidence?

Health Evidence™

Health Evidence presented an interactive 90 minute workshop at the 2017 Cochrane Canada Symposium. Participants learned about techniques, strategies, and resources to create interactive social media content, engage on platforms, tailor strategies with analytics; and [simultaneously] built a custom social media toolkit using the resource above. Access the workshop slides here: http://ow.ly/lLbV30bMjyh

My Social Media Toolkit

Health Evidence™

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Health Evidence™

Health EvidenceTM a organisé un webinaire de 60 minutes afin d’examiner l’efficacité de l’étiquetage nutritionnel des menus en ce qui a trait à la diminution de la consommation d’énergie lors des repas pris à l’extérieur. Sofia Lourenço, M.Sc., Gestionnaire de projet senior, Société danoise du cancer et Jodie Anne Littlewood, Baccalauréat en nutrition et santé mondiale, Société danoise du cancer, ont animé cette session et ont présenté les résultats de leur dernière revue systématique : Littlewood J., Lourenço S., Iversen C., & Hansen G. (2016). Menu labelling is effective in reducing energy ordered and consumed: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies. Public Health Nutrition, 19(12), 2106-2121. http://healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=menu-labelling-effective-reducing-energy-ordered-consumed-systematic-review-meta-29695

L'étiquetage des menus pour réduire les commandes de produits à forte densité...

Health Evidence™

Health Evidence hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of menu labelling on reducing energy consumption. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/ju5uucv3dEE Sofia Lourenço and Jodie Anne Littlewood from the Danish Cancer Society led the session and presented findings from their recent review: Littlewood J, Lourenço S, Iversen C, & Hansen G. (2016).Menu labelling is effective in reducing energy ordered and consumed: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies. Public Health Nutrition, 19(12), 2106-2121. http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=menu-labelling-effective-reducing-energy-ordered-consumed-systematic-review-meta-29695 Menu labelling is a tool to inform consumers of energy content of meals in the eating-out environment and help consumers make informed decisions. This review examines the effectiveness of menu labelling to reduce energy consumption. Fifteen studies, including 17, 859 participants are included in this review. Evidence suggests that menu labelling reduces overall energy consumed and ordered in the eating-out environment. This webinar examined the effectiveness of menu labelling to reduce energy consumed in the eating-out environment.

Menu labelling for reducing energy ordered and consumed: What’s the evidence?

Health Evidence™

Health Evidence hosted a 60 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of school-based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy in adolescents. Click here for access to the audio recording for this webinar: https://youtu.be/yCeIEQ4OTCc Amanda Mason-Jones, Senior Lecturer in Global Public Health, Faculty of Science, University of York led the session and presented findings from her recent Cochrane review: Mason-Jones A, Sinclair D, Mathews C, Kagee A, Hillman A, & Lombard C. (2016). School-based interventions for preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy in adolescents.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(11), CD006417 http://healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=school-based-interventions-preventing-hiv-sexually-transmitted-infections-29881 Sexually active adolescents are at risk of contracting HIV and STIs. Unintended pregnancy can have detrimental impact on young people’s lives. This review examines the impact of school sexual education programs on number of young people that contract STIs and number of adolescent pregnancies. Eight cluster randomized control trials, including 55,157 participants are included in this review. Findings suggest there is little evidence that school programs alone are effective in improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes for adolescents. This webinar examined the effectiveness and components of interventions that prevent HIV, STIs and adolescent pregnancy.

School-based interventions to prevent HIV, STIs & adolescent pregnancy: What'...

Health Evidence™

Health EvidenceTM a organisé un webinaire de 90 minutes afin d’examiner l’efficacité des cigarettes électroniques pour la cessation tabagique. Muhannad Malas and Robert Schwartz ont animé cette session et ont présenté les résultats de leur dernière revue systématique : Malas M, van der Tempel J, Schwartz R, Minichiello A, Lightfoot C, Noormohamed A, et al. (2016). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: A systematic review. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(10), 1926-1936. http://healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=electronic-cigarettes-smoking-cessation-systematic-review-29830

Les cigarettes électroniques pour la cessation tabagique : quelles sont les d...

Health Evidence™

Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Muhannad Malas and Robert Schwartz led the session and presented findings from their recent review: Malas M, van der Tempel J, Schwartz R, Minichiello A, Lightfoot C, Noormohamed A, et al. (2016). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: A systematic review. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 18(10), 1926-1936. http://healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=electronic-cigarettes-smoking-cessation-systematic-review-29830 Cigarette smoking is among the top causes of preventable death and disease. Electronic cigarettes have been increasing in popularity among smokers who report using them for quitting or reducing smoking. This review examines the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes as cessation aids. Sixty two articles, including RCTs, experimental, longitudinal and cross sectional studies are included in this review. Findings suggest there is inconclusive evidence due to low quality of research. This webinar provides a comprehensive overview of current literature examining the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: What's the evidence?

Health Evidence™

Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar examining the effectiveness of interventions for preventing elder abuse. Philip Baker, Australia Regional Director APACPH, School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology led the session and presented findings from their review: Baker PRA, Francis DP, Hairi NN, Othman S, Choo WY. (2016). Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016, CD010321 http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=interventions-preventing-abuse-elderly-29428 Many older adults experience some form of abuse (psychological, physical, and sexual) that often goes unreported. Elder abuse is associated with morbidity and premature mortality. This review examines the effectiveness of interventions for preventing elder abuse in the home, institutions and community settings. Findings of the review suggest there is uncertainty in the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve knowledge of caregivers about elder abuse and uncertainty on its effect of reducing abuse. This webinar will examine the effectiveness and components of interventions that prevent elder abuse.

Interventions for preventing elder abuse: What's the evidence?

Health Evidence™

Health EvidenceTM a organisé un webinaire de 60 minutes afin d’examiner l’efficacité des interventions dirigées par des pairs pour éviter la consommation du tabac, de l'alcool et/ou de drogues chez les jeunes. Georgie MacArthur, Boursière en recherche postdoctorale au National Institute of Health Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, ont animé cette session et ont présenté les résultats de leur dernière revue systématique : MacArthur G.J., Harrison S., Caldwell D.M., Hickman M., & Campbell R. (2016).Peer-led interventions to prevent tobacco, alcohol and/or drug use among young people aged 11-21 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 111(3), 391-407. http://www.healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=peer-led-interventions-prevent-tobacco-alcohol-drug-young-people-aged-11-21-29422

Les interventions dirigées par des pairs pour éviter la consommation de tabac...

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