This document discusses several advances in genetics including genetic engineering, the human genome project, and transgenic organisms. It describes techniques like selective breeding, recombinant DNA, cloning, and how genetically modified plants and animals are created. Recombinant DNA technology involves using restriction enzymes to cut and combine DNA from different organisms, which can then be inserted into bacteria or plant cells. The human genome project mapped the entire human genome to identify all human genes. Transgenic organisms have DNA from other species inserted into their genomes, and are used in research and to produce human proteins.