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Pinyin lesson 4
- 3. Summary of marking tones in Pinyin • Tone marks are written above the main vowel of a syllable. The main vowel can be identified according to the following sequence: ɑ-o-e-i-u-ü. • For instance, in ɑo the main vowel is ɑ. In ei the main vowel is e. • There is one exception: when i and u are combined into a syllable, the tone mark is written on the second vowel: iù,uì.
- 5. • When the initial vowels are ɑ、o and e, they are stressed. The vowels following are soft and brief. • ɑi、ei、ɑo、ou can be individual syllables.
- 6. ài 爱 （love）
- 10. hǎo 好 （good）
- 11. gǒu 狗 （dog）
- 12. • When the initial vowel is i, the main vowels that come after i are transitional sounds, meaning they’re not stressed. iā iá iǎ ià • If there are vowels or nasal consonants after the main vowels, those should be unstressed as well. iāo iáo iǎo iào
- 13. jiā 家 （family， home）
- 14. xièxiè 谢谢 （thanks）
- 15. xiǎo 小 （small）
- 16. • In pinyin orthography, some vowels are omitted for the sake of economy, thus “iou” becomes “iu.”
- 17. jiǔ 九 （nine）
- 18. • If there is no initial consonant before i, i is written as a semi- vowel y. Thus iɑ, ie, iɑo, iou become yɑ, ye, yɑo, you.
- 19. yá 牙 （tooth）
- 20. yéye 爷爷 （grandpa）
- 21. yào 药 （medicine）
- 22. yòu 右 （right）