'Reggae On The Internet: Volume 1'

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Subject: rec.music.reggae Frequently Asked Questions
Date: 1 Jun 1995 15:26:51 GMT
Organization: Nice Up Enterprises
Sender: mikey@monkfish.nosc.mil (EZ Noh Mikey)
Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions and their answers
about reggae music. It should be read by anyone who wishes to post to the
rec.music.reggae newsgroup
Archive-name: music/reggae/part1
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Contents
[0]. Is there a Reggae Archives on the Internet?
[1]. Dub Recommendations
[2]. Can anyone recommend some books on reggae?
[3]. What is "Dub" music anyway?
[4]. Can anyone recommend some roots reggae?
[5]. Live reggae recording recommendations
[6]. Who was Marcus Garvey?
[7]. Can you recommend some Dancehall?
[8]. Is there a newsgroup that caters to those of us who enjoy soca, zouk,
[9]. Books on Rastafarianism?
[10]. What are the different reggae styles?
[11]. CARIBANA FAQ
[12]. Can anyone give me some info on the rasta culture?
[13]. Could anyone out there suggest to me any albums which combine reggae and jazz?
[14]. Caribbean Clubs FAQ
[15]. What is the significance of the "Two Sevens"?
[16]. What's all this about Sound Systems, Clashes and Dubplates?
[17]. Is there a World Wide Web Server for Reggae?
[18]. Is there a Gopher Server for Reggae?
[19]. What is RAW (Reggae Ambassadors Worldwide)?
[20]. Why do purists look down on UB40?
[21]. Can anyone recommend good female reggae vocalists (not dancehall). ?
[22]. Please give an explanation of "One Drop" Style
The Questions and Answers
[0]. Is there a Reggae Archives on the Internet?
The Jammin Reggae Archives can be accessed in several ways:
1. WWW (World Wide Web) using the Jammin Home Page:
http://jammin.nosc.mil/jammin.html
2. Gopher Server - gopher jammin.nosc.mil
3. Anonymous FTP - To access the archives, ftp to ABEL.MATH.UGA.EDU
and login with username anonymous, use your email userid and
address as the password. After logging in, and changing to the
reggae directory using the command "cd reggae", use the "dir"
command to see what's there and the "get" command to download
files. Don't forget to set binary transfer mode with the "bin"
command before retrieving picture or sound files.
The files are arranged as follows:
audio
faq
pics
Incoming
catalogs
lyrics
radioshows
clubs
mailorder

Sound sample files directory
This file
Pictures directory
For uploading
Record catalogs
Song lyrics
Stage Names
Album Covers
Tour Schedules

If you have any problems or anything to contribute, like radio shows in your local area or
pics, post to rec.music.reggae or mail me at mikey@nosc.mil. Files may be uploaded to the
archives by anonymous ftp to ABEL.MATH.UGA.EDU in directory Incoming.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
[1]. Dub Recommendations
Ok, here's a FAQ if I ever saw one:
GIMME SOME DUB POINTERS!
I've been there a bit already - got some LKJ, Agustus Pablo, Lee Perry, Upsetters, but I
have yet to find the really mind searing spaced out heavy dub that I hear hints of once in
REGGAE ON THE INTERNET
page 1
VOLUME ONE

awhile. I want loads of echo, pans and sounds like the universe is being ripped apart at
the seams in front of me. Skip the drum machines unless they're very tastefully done, lay
on the heavy bass and crank up the volume, kick back and close your eyes...
Help me find it! My last try was ROIR's TOWERING DUB INFERNO and only a couple of tracks
get close to as heavy as I'd hoped.
I keep getting pointers to African Headcharge, but that stuff is very steeply priced - is
it worth it?
- malcolm
--------Two words: Mad Professor
African Headcharge - is it worth it?
Yes. The best stuff from their first four albums is out on two discs, titles I can't
remember (they'll be obvious, though, they have "volume 1" and "volume 2" in the title).
Also the CD _Songs of Praise_ is excellent, although it's not as twisted as the early
stuff; it's more African in an On-U sort of way than spaced out in an On-U sort of way.
You are also required to have much Prince Far I within easy reach at all times.
---------I had a Prince Fari LP in New Zealand which seems to fit the bill - had to leave it with a
friend as a parting gift since he was so in tune with it. Sorry, can't recall the name
now! (it had a track called "Plant Up" which I was really into). Also try some Mad
Professor albums.
---------rfrance@umiacs.umd.edu (Robert B France) writes:
For good spaced-out dub, try Dub Syndicate (On-U Sound). They're hard to find in the US try the import or World Music section of your local mega-store.
---------malcolm@wrs.com (Malcolm Humes) writes:
>GIMME SOME DUB POINTERS!
>Help me find it! My last try was ROIR's TOWERING DUB INFERNO
>and only a couple of tracks get close to as heavy as I'd hoped.
i liked TDI, but i can see what you mean... try any of the ON-U releases like PLAYGROUP
(jazzy dub) or PARTY SOUNDS 1, etc. they're quite good. also, anything else Adrian
Sherwood does by himself seems to be great dub.
>I keep getting pointers to African Headcharge, but that stuff is
>very steeply priced - is it worth it?
in a word, yes. it's pretty steeply priced here, maybe not at Amoeba in Berkeley. your
best bet is to write ON-U directly for better prices. this is what a friend of mine does.
i'll send you the address via email when i get home and look on one of my ON-U cds.
----------WOW!! excellent start!!!! You might try some Mad Proffesor Psychedelic Dub.
Umm let me go look... well Iroy Crisis time (any Iroy rocks but dub..)
also try more Perry, Satan's Dub, The Upsetter and The Beat, Scratch Attack..
The best dub (in my opinion) comes from bootlegs, Steel Pulse does some crazy stuff live:
maybe you've heard versions of Roller Skates nana dub style.
There are alot of flip side dubins on Bob singles.
BTW how's African Headcharge coming out???
jafari
----------Here are some things to look for from the discography in the back of Jon Savage's
_England's Dreaming: Anarchy, Sex Pistols, Punk Rock, and Beyond_. He also says that
Steve Barrow is working on what should be the definitive book on Reggae and Dub (looks
like nothing available yet). (Most of this is Dub, since that's what I'm most interested
in hearing, I think.)
Aggrovators (mixed by King Tubby)
Johnny in the Echo Chamber
Dub Justice
Collections/Compilations
The Harder They Come

1989
1990
1972
page 2

Atlantic
ATLP
Island

soundtrack
VOLUME ONE

King Tubby Meets the Upsetter at the
Grass Roots of Dub
Keep On Coming Through the Door
U-Roy and Friends: With a Flick of My
Musical Wrist
20 Reggae Classics
Studio Kinda Cloudy
King Tubby's Special 1973-1976

1976

Fay Music
Trojan

1987
1988
1990

Trojan?
Trojan CD
Trojan
Trojan

Culture
Two Sevens Clash

1977

Joe Gibbs

Rupert Edwards
Irie Feelings

1990

Trojan CD

Keith Hudson
Pick A Dub
Torch of Freedom
Rasta Communication

1975
1976
1978

Atra
Virgin ?
Joint Records

Junior Mervin (mixed by Lee Perry)
Police and Thieves

1976

Island

Lee "Scratch" Perry ("The Upsetter")
Super Ape
Lee Perry and Friends - Give Me Power
The Upsetter Collection
The Upsetter Compact Set

1976
1988
1988
1988

Island
Trojan
Trojan
Trojan

Prince Far-I
Heavy Manners

1976

Joe Gibbs

Revolutionaries
Dub Sensation
Bamba in Dub
Hordcore Dub

1977
1990

"talkover"
"talkover"

Skynote
OMLP

Hudson prod.
30 tracks

20 remixes

The manufacturer of a lot of these records:
Trojan Records
12 Thayer Street
London W1M 6AU
A distributor/shop which supposedly has or can get most or all of the Trojan reissues:
Shanachie Records US
Dalebrook Park
Hohokus, New Jersey 07423
USA
---------Here's a list of 10 particularly fine dub albums by non-dub artists (in no particular
order):
1.

Black Uhuru - Dub Factor (Mango)
Sly and Robbie team up with Paul 'Groucho' Smykle for a ferocious
dub album. Almost like a heavy metal album in its intensity.
2.

Prince Fari - Cry Tuff Dub Encounter chapter I (ROIR cassette,
Danceteria CD), II (Virgin/Caroline reissue) III (Daddy Kool) IV (Trojan).
The voice Moses heard on the mountain must have been similar to that
of the late Prince Fari's. His dub albums rumble and boom as well.
Especially fine is I where he hooks up with English dubmeister Adrian
Sherwood.
3.

UB40 - Present Arms in Dub (Virgin)
Before UB40 sold its soul for mass pop-reggae stardom, they released
Present Arms, a great album. In Dub is even better. Distinguished by its
spare use of traditional dub effects (like echo), it combines a heavy
bassline with crisp drums and UB40's best asset - their horn section.
4.

Wailers - Tribute to Carly Barrett (Atra)
Until Island relents in its pigheadedness and releases Dennis
Thompson's dub mixes of the Marley catalog, check the Wailers spotlight on
their late drummer. Carlton Barrett, wiped from creation in 1987, had a
unique drum style which is mixed upfront on this dub of Horace Andy and
Winston Jarrett tracks. Great supporting work from Tyrone Downie's organ
and Bobby Ellis's horns.
5.

Aswad - New Chapter of Dub (Mango)
(Mikey) Dread at the Controls serving up a spacey dub of Aswad's
English import New Chapter LP. Includes stellar horn work by Michael '
page 3
VOLUME ONE

Bammie' Rose and Vin Gordon.
6.

Bunny Wailer - Dub D'sco Vol. I and II (Solomonic).
Unlike his partners, Bob and Peter, Bunny has released two superb
dub albums. Vol. I features his vocals mixed high and then pushed/pulled in
a wash of dub echo. Vol. II is a more traditional dub album.
7.

Ras Michael and the Sons of Negus - Rastafari Dub (ROIR cassette,
Crocodisc CD).
Nyabinghi dub. Robbie Shakespeare's bass leads the way while the
akete, funde and repeater drums complement him against Earl 'Chinna' Smith's
flange guitar. Any extremely rare dub album reissued featuring Peter Tosh
on clavinet!
8.

Treasure Isle Dub Vol. I and II (Treasure Isle).
Classic rock steady and early reggae tracks given the dub
treatment; like John Holt's 'Ali Baba', Alton Ellis's 'Cry Tough' and the
Melodians 'Come on Little Girl'. A good companion to Heartbeat's Duke Reid's
Treasure Chest of '92. Check several of Studio One's dub albums as well.
9.

Dr. Alimontado - Love Is (Keyman)
Like Bunny Wailer's, this is more a vocalized dub album of tracks by
one of reggae's most underrated toasters. A perfect example of how deejays
have followed U Roy's example in incorporating dub.
10.

Alpha and Omega - Watch and Pray (A & O, Greensleeves)
Dub's new wave: borrowing a little from Jah Shaka and ON U sound's
African Headcharge, Alpha and Omega combine haunting female vocals, spacey
dub effects, bonecrushing bass and salutations to Jah for an ethereal mix.
Possibly an acquired taste.
Bonus: Kings of Reggae featuring Chris Hinze (Keytone)
More of an instrumental album. Some cheezy flute player from
Holland (Hinze) goes down a yard and teams up with the best of Jamaica's
session men: Sly and Robbie, Mikey Chung, Sticky. While the premise for
this sounds horrofic, the result is a masterpiece: Sly and Robbie rock hard,
the unknown female backups sound great and as a bonus Peter Tosh warbles on
a couple of tracks. One more reason reggae music will suprise you every
time.
---------Probably the finest single dub album I own is a double LP on Trojan called "King Tubby
Special." It consists, of course, of classic tracks dubbed up by the King himself. Kicks
butt big time.
Also, there is a Prince Far I CD available from Trojan called "Voice of Thunder," and
it's essential.
Keep an eye out for the Bunny Lee reissues coming out on RAS these days. There's a very
nice U-Roy disc ("Rock with I", RASCD 3219), which features U-Roy toasting over gutbusting
dub tracks, and also a great collection of instrumental tracks by the Aggrovators which
isn't strictly dub but features Bunny's dubwise production style.
----------From: Robert Nelson (rnelson@alexandria.lib.utah.edu
Prince Fari has always been one of my all time favorites. His voice sounds like he used to
drink Drano :-). He chanted my all time favorite reggae lyric, "The humble cow gives the
most milk." I probably feel sadder about his death than Marley's overall.
The Cry Tuff album that was produced by Adrian Sherwood was the first Cry Tuff Dub
Encounter. It came out in 1978 on the Hitrun label and features the Arabs as the
musicians. (In actuality I think the Arabs were really Dub Syndicate). ROIR has released
this on cassette and Danceteria has the CD. It's a great dub album, with lots of special
effects. Lions roaring that sort of thing; great for your answering machine message :-)
The Virgin/Caroline compilation called "Dubwize" has 4 unreleased singles/versions & Cry
Tuff Chap II. There are 8 songs listed for II. These Caroline reissues were notorious for
leaving various tracks from the original albums off of the CD reissues. Does anyone out
there have Cry Tuff II on vinyl? Did they leave off anything?
Here's a Prince Fari discography: *Cd availability
Cry Tuff Dub Ch. 1 (Roir/Danceteria)*
Cry Tuff Dub Ch. 3 (Daddy Kool)
Cry Tuff Dub Ch. 4 (Trojan)
Dubwize (Virgin/Caroline)*
Voice of Thunder (Trojan)*
Umkhonto we Sizwe - Spear of the Nation (Wambesi)*
Musical Revue (ROIR/Danceteria)* - live with the Suns of Arka
Black Man Land (Virgin/Caroline)* - tracks from Message from the King & Livity
Under Heavy Manners (Joe Gibbs)
Psalms For I (Carib Gems) - Bible verses chanted over reggae beats
page 4
VOLUME ONE

Jamaican Heroes (Trojan)
Free From Sin (Trojan)
Musical History (Trojan)
Here's some more I only know about, (if anyone has these and would like to do a trade
swap, please mail me)
Message from the King (Virgin)
Long Life (Virgin)
Livity (Pre)
Rockers in a Suitcase (Pre)
Fari also did stellar work with Sherwood's Singers and Players:
Golden Greats (ON U)*
War of Words (ON U)
Staggering Heights (ON U)
Plus there is a nice Prince Fari love song where he sings and a DJ toasts over HIM on the
ON U release Reggae Archives Vol 1.
If I've left anything out, please let us know.
Robert.
---------------------From: pandit@news.delphi.com (PANDIT@DELPHI.COM)
Subject: Re: Dub Reggae Reccomendations
Well, where do we start?

I guess I'll limit this too stuff that is in print...

Dub Syndicate/African Headcharge/SIngers and Players -- some of the spaciest and furthest
out dub, produced by Brit A. Sherwood, available on import from UK on On-U-SOund.
Mad Professor - DUb me Crazy Series, esp. 2, 4, 5, and 6.
electro dub from UK. Available domestically from RAS.
Burning Spear - Living Dub I and II.
you going to do? RAS.
Scientist - whatever is available.

Wild, playfull, slightly more

REmixes are not as good as originals but what are
It's all good.

Prince Jammy - likewise - except for the electro stuff.
Dennis Bovell - some great stuff, some not so great.
Lee Perry - Blood Vapour, Blackboard Jungle Dub, SUper Ape, Trojan Box Sets.
founding fathers.

One of the

Prince Far-I - I don't know what's in print, but most dub titles are excellent.
That's probably about it. Unfortunatley, most of the best stuff is long out of print,
available only on small JA or UK labels on LP, and all us collectors beat you to it.
Regards,
Pandit
--------From: pandit@news.delphi.com (PANDIT@DELPHI.COM)
How could I forget?
Pandit

Black Uhuru's Dub Factor and SLy and RObbie's Reggae Greats.

---------From: mikey@monkfish.nosc.mil
30 Years of Dub on the Go, 2 CD set from Rhino. King Tubby, King Jammy, Scientist and The
Mad Professor.
---------Subject: Re: What's your favorite DUB?????
I have to agree, Mad Professor's dubs are among the VERY best. I rate Dub Me Crazy Part 2
(Beyond the Realms of Dub) as his best album by a long chalk. But I haven't heard many of
the later ones...
Other than that, most Scientist is great (especially Dub Landing), as is most of Jah
Shaka's output.
Cheers,

page 5

VOLUME ONE

|>
|> On And In Dub ...
|> -Echomania is the most recent Dub Syndicate album. Most everything on the
|> On-U Sound label is worthwhile and they're now re-releasing old stuff at
|> quite a clip. The Dub Syndicate Classic Selections and African Head Charge
|> Vintage Selections are good value.
|> -One very fine NEW DUB compilation is Time Warp Dub Clash (Island Records).
|> The first half is old Sly & Robbie Dubs, but the latter part is a bunch of
|> fine new tracks from Jah Shaka,Manasseh, etc. Also check out Jah Shaka's
|> Dub Symphony (Mango)
|> In terms of classics, my favourite dub album of all time is Johnny In the
|> Echo Chamber by the Aggrovators (trojan Records), produced by King
|> Tubby.Also look for Lee Perry, Scientist (his 'Tribute to King Tubby' thru
|> ROIR Records in New York is cool - it got me thru a seven-hour traffic jam
|> trying to get to Glastonbury once.)
|> If it's dubwise but not strictly dub yer after, try anything by THE ORB.
|> Which is ambient dub, but hey, let's not get into that É
_____________________
From: stevem@dcs.gla.ac.uk (Steve McGowan.)
Subject: Re: U.K. Reggae Top 40
>|>
>|> >1 Various - 30 Years Of Dub Music On The Go (2 CD) (Rhino UK)
Mike, I've seen a lot of requests for more information on this dub CD - maybe the track
listing ought to go in the FAQ???
~Title: "30 years of dub music on the go" - various artists.
Producer: Bunny Lee.
Recorded at various studios in Jamaica.
Label: Rhino Records (RNCD 2046).
(KT=King Tubby, KJ=King Jammy, CMP=Crazy Mad Professor, S=Scientist)
CD1
---

CD2
---

Zion gate dub - KT
Money dub - KT
Forward home dub - KJ
Something on my mind dub - S
Mellow dub - CMP
Ten to one dub - KJ
Glad tidings dub - KT
Happy dub - S
Hold on dub - CMP
Marcus dub - KT
Fittest of the fittest dub - KJ
Movie star dub - S
Graceful dub - KT
Different style dub - KJ
Blood danza dub - S

Natural dub - KT
Hard core dub - CMP
Pretty dub - CMP
Slow motion dub - KJ
Jump song dub - KJ
Good dub - S
Baltimore dub - KT
Reggaematic dub - KT
Confusion dub - KJ
Dark destroyer dub - KJ
Penetrating dub - CMP
Time dub - CMP
Just say who dub - KT
Impulsive dub - KT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[2]. Can anyone recommend some books on reggae?
1. Catch a Fire - The Life of Bob Marley. Timothy White. Holt, Rinehart and
Winston. 1983
2. Reggae Bloodlines - In Search of the Music and Culture of Jamaica. Stephen
Davis and Peter Simon. Heinemann Educational Books Ltd. 1977
3. Reggae International. Stephen Davis and Peter Simon. Rogner & Bernhard GMBH
& Co. 1982
4. The Harder They Come - Michael Thelwell
5. "Bob Marley" by Stephen Davis, published by Schenkman Books, INC
ISBN: 0-87047-045-0, 087047-044-2 (pbk)
A good biography about Bob's life, mentions all the albums and a lot
of concerts, Bob made. A must for the real Marley-fan.
6.
7.
8.

Derek Bishton
"Blackheart Man"
Leonard Barrett
"The Rastafarians"
Adrian Boot/
Michael Thomas
"Jamaica: Babylon on a Thin Wire"
9. Adrian Boot/
Michael Thomas
"Jah Revenge: Jamaica Revisited"
10. Howard Johnson/
"Reggae: Deep Roots Music
Jim Pines
11. Malika Lee Whitney/ "Bob Marley: Reggae King of the World
Dermott Hussey
page 6

VOLUME ONE

12.

13.
14.

Dick Hebdige

"Cut n Mix"
Published 1987 by Methuen & Co.
29 West 35th St., NY, NY 10001.
ISBN: 0906890993 (paperback) and 1851780297 (hardback).
From the back cover: "This is a book about the music of the
Caribbean--from calypso and ska through to reggae
and Caribbean club culture."
Rebekah M. Mulvaney "Rastafari and Reggae: A Dictionary & Sourcebook"
Joseph Owens
"Dread: The Rastafarians of Jamaica"

---------------From Lee O'Neill:
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>

I also thought that while I'm at it, I should post a reggae bibliography.
These are the books that I know about that pertain to Jamaican music.
There are many other useful books that deal with Jamaica or Rastafari that
are a bit outside the self-imposed limits of this compilation. If anyone
has any additions, please let me know via email.
Boot, Adrian & Thomas, Michael BABYLON ON A THIN WIRE (Schocken, 1976)
Boot, Adrian & Goldman, Vivien BOB MARLEY: SOUL REBEL-NATURAL MYSTIC
(St.Martin's Press, 1982)
Clarke, Sebastian JAH MUSIC (Heinemann, 1980)
Chapman, Rob NEVER GROW OLD 2ed. (1992)
Davis, Stephen BOB MARLEY (Doubleday, 1985) (reissued Schenkmann, 1990)
Davis, Stephen & Simon, Peter REGGAE INTERNATIONAL (Random House, 1982)
Davis, Stephen & Simon, Peter REGGAE BLOODLINES (Doubleday, 1977)
(reissued
DaCapo,1992)
Hebdige, Dick CUT 'N' MIX (Comedia, 1987)
Jahn, Brian & Weber, Tom REGGAE ISLAND (Kingston, 1992)
Johnson, Howard, & Pines, Jim REGGAE (Proteus, 1982)
Kaski, Tero & Vuorinen, Pekka REGGAE INNA DANCE HALL STYLE (Black Star,
1984)
Larkin, Colin, ed. GUINNESS WHO'S WHO OF REGGAE (Guinness, 1994)
Marre, Jeremy BEATS OF THE HEART (Pantheon, 1985)
McCann, Ian COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE MUSIC OF BOB MARLEY (Omnibus, 1994)
Mulvaney, Rebekah Michele RASTAFARI & REGGAE (Greenwood, 1990)
Observer Station BOB MARLEY: THE ILLUSTRATED DISCO/BIOGRAPHY (Omnibus,
1985)
Scrivener, Jean RHYTHM WISE (Black Star)
Scrivener, Jean RHYTHM WISE 2 (Black Star, 1990)
Scrivener, Jean RHYTHM WISE 3 (Black Star, 1992)
Thelwell, Michael HARDER THEY COME (Grove, 1980)
Waters, Anita M. RACE, CLASS & POLITICAL SYMBOLS: RASTARARI & REGGAE IN
JAMAICAN POLITICS (Transaction , 1985)
White, Timothy CATCH A FIRE (Henry Holt, 1983, revised 1989)
Whitney, Malika & Hussey, Dermott BOB MARLEY: REGGAE KING OF THE WORLD
(Dutton, 1984)

------------------------From: Richard W Anglin <anglin@acsu.buffalo.edu>
RASTA AND RESISTANCE by Horrace Campbell, published by The African World Press, gives a
history and the situations that led up to and caused to birth of reggae.
The Guiness Who's Who of Reggae
Publisher: Guiness
ISBN: 0-85112-734-7
Welch, Chris BOB MARLEY
CD Books
ISBN 1-85868-057-3
Don Taylor & Mike Henry, "Marley and Me - The Real Story", Kingston Publishers, 1994, 226
Pages, 54 Pictures
Rene Wynands, DO THE REGGAY, Reggae from Poccomania to Raggamuffin. It is published in
Germany and Austria by the Piper-Verlag
(ISBN 3-492318409-X). It is in german language.
Yacouba Konate
1987
Alpha Blondy. Reggae et societe en Afrique Noire.
Abidjan (CEDA), Paris (Karthala).
Reggae Magazines
Dub Missive
PO Box 677850
Orlando, FL 32867-7850

page 7

VOLUME ONE

Voice/FAX 407-381-9907
The Beat
Bongo Productions
PO Box 65856
Los Angeles, CA 90065
Reggae Report
PO Box 2722
Hallandale, FL 33008-2722
305-933-1178
FAX 305-933-1077
Email: 74467.3070@compuserve.com
Reggae Trade Magazine
63a Bruce Grove
Tottenham, London N17 6RN
(081) 808-4554
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[3]. What is "Dub" music anyway?
Look at the B-sides of Jamaican 45s beginning with rock steady, and you'll notice
many of them say "Version". This is "dub", a simple instrumental remix of the A-side that
may also include a few scraps of the vocals. The singers are "dubbed out", but in most
other respects the version is identical to the A-side. Begun as a test for sound levels
during the record-mastering process, version later became vogue. The Jamaican public
developed an avid taste for version, and the scat-singing sound-system deejays took to
recording their master-of-ceremonies raps over the hit-backing rhythms.
"Reggae International", Davis and Simon
Chapter 8, X-Ray Music
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[4]. Can anyone recommend some roots reggae?
I always recommend the samplers, that way you can choose what sounds interesting
and branch out from there. I highly recommend the Greensleeves, Heartbeat, RAS, and Mango
samplers, although there are many others.
EZ Noh,

------------

mike

From: mart@csa.bu.edu (borja larrumbide)
Newsgroups: rec.music.reggae
Subject: Re: New Groups, Any ideas?
If you like Steel Pulse you will definitely enjoy Aswad. They both sound very alike,
especially in albums like Aswad(live, Hulet,...).Try to avoid its most recent stuff and
check first its old albums. If you hear Bob Marley then you should check Peter Tosh
(Wanted Dread or Alive,...). Other groups I would recommend would be Black Uhuru,
Alpha Blondy(It been considered to follow the trends of Bob Marley. Although that's a
matter of opinion). Another choice could be Burning Spear(live in Paris, Mek We
Dweet,...). There are many more and the list too long. I hope this helps!
------------

Long live reggae!

From: fiddick@condor.ucsb.edu (Laurence Fiddick;)
Newsgroups: rec.music.reggae
Subject: Re: recommendations
here goes:
if it's on studio one buy it. in particular you might look for burning spear's 'studio one
presents' and 'rocking time', the heptones' 'on top', the carlton and the shoes' lp -generally you can't go wrong with studio one.
not on studio one, look for:
augustus pablo 'original rockers'
augustus pablo 'king tubby meets rockers uptown'
augustus pablo 'east of the river nile'
culture 'two sevens clash'
culture 'harder than the rest'
culture 'cumbolo'
black uhuru 'red'
black uhuru 'showcase/guess who's coming to dinner'
linton kwesi johnson 'dread, beat an blood'
linton kwesi johnson 'making history'
dennis brown 'visions'
page 8

VOLUME ONE

bob marley 'rasta revolution'
bob marley 'african herbsman'
count ossie and the mystic revelation of rastafari 'grounation'
burning spear 'marcus garvey'
burning spear 'social living'
hugh mundell 'africa must be free by 1983'
various 'wiser dread'
i'm sure others can add more to this list.
--------------------Newsgroups: rec.music.reggae
Subject: Re: recommendations
No self-respecting reggae fan should be without a few Lee Perry
albums (either ones that he's produced or recorded - or both)
Best ones include...
Heart of the Ark (Vols I and II)
Megaton Dub (Vols I and II)
Super Ape
Return of the Super Ape
Excaliburman
George Faith - 'To be a Lover' (Lee Perry Produced)** highly recommended
Build the Ark -|
Open the Gate -|--- All three are three-album boxed sets
Upsetters
-|
(There's lots more, but these are the ones that you should investigate
first, especially the George Faith album. I do think, however, that
this album is now deleted [at least on vinyl], so the only place you
may come across it are in 2nd-hand record shops or record fares - but
it's a classic album which you *must* try and listen to. I got my copy
from a record fare a few years ago - for a paltry 3 pounds.)
------------------------From: rnelson@alexandria.lib.utah.edu (Robert Nelson)
Subject: Re: New Groups, Any ideas?
Here's a list of 10 albums that will give anyone a simple introduction to reggae music.
(These are all readily available from most record stores/chains). I'll assume that you'll
want to pick up most of the Marley catalog, especially since most of the titles cost about
$8 now on CD.
1. Burning Spear - Marcus Garvey/Garvey's Ghost (on CD) (Mango label)
2. Bunny Wailer - Blackheart Man (Mango Label)
3. Black Uhuru - Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (Heartbeat)
4. Peter Tosh - Legalize It (CBS)
5. Aswad - To the Top (Mango or Simba)
6. Steel Pulse - True Democracy (Elektra)
7. Eek a Mouse - Wa Do Dem (Shan. or Greensleeves)
8. Alpha Blondy - Jerusalem (Shan.)
9. Gregory Isaacs - Night Nurse (Mango)
10. Judy Mowatt - Black Woman (Shan.)
This only scratches the surface, each one of these artists has many more killer titles all
reggae lovers should own.
Robert.
--------------------From: d2domer@dtek.chalmers.se (Erik Domstad)
Culture'Culture in Culture'
Mighty Diamonds- 'The Real Enemy'
Black Uhuru'Anthem'
Bunny Wailer'Liberation'
Burning Spear'Resistance'
Israel Vibration- 'Praises'
Wailing Souls'Fire house rock'
Ini Kamoze'Pirate'
Ijahman'Haile I hymn'
Erik
------------------ixtst+@pitt.edu (Isaac Thompson) writes:

page 9

VOLUME ONE

What (reggae) life has taught me, I would like to share with you.--Haile Selasie.
following are reggae artists I think true, dyed-in-the-wool reggae heads must have:

The

>Mutabaruka (Ja.--roots poetry, plenty of brain food)
>Linton Kwesi Johnson (Ja.--ditto)
>Luky Dube (South Africa)
>Evi Edna (Nigeria--female, terrific voice, great voice, down right rootsy!)
>Identity (US--group of West Indians)
>Cidre Negra (Brazil--def!)
>Sandee (Japan)
>Check them out.
------------------From: dhoffman@spot.Colorado.EDU (David Hoffman)
Couldn't let this one go without adding my essentials:
Junior Murvin - the record with "Police and Thieves"
Gregory Isaacs, esp. early releases
Sugar Minott
Black Uhuru - check out "Sinsemilla"
Judy Mowatt
June Lodge
just a few suggestions!
Dave
-----------------From: linden@fanout.et.tudelft.nl (Hans van der Linden)
Name for his style: IJahMan Levi's music.
Compare him? It's said that Chris Blackwell decided for him to be THE successor of Bob
Marley ("sign me your publishings and I make you a wealthy man").... yet IJahman did go
his own way. But of similar musical and lyric-wise level and similar sort of music/lyrics
I'd say: A lot of Pablo Moses' (esp. older: Revolutionary Dream and such) work (also still
around and hot), also Sugar Minott's work on studio One, Junior Byles (Jordan), Lee
Scratch Perry's Heart of the Ark collection, Yabby You's One Love, One Heart (also GREAT),
side A of Singers and Players' Leaps and Bounds, Israel Vibration, Wiss, and such.
Albums and tapes I have, so I can tell about (not in specific order):
Àre We A Warrior?' 1979 (still Island:-) [title song esp. great (7:33min)]
`Haile I Hymn (chapter 1)' (ALL 4 NUMBERS PERFECT) (yet still Island)
esp. numbers: `Jah Heavy Load' and `Jah Is No Secret' are PERFECT+
`Tell It To The Children' (again very great)
`Levi Inside Out' (very great again, incl. 2 love songs, and a new version of
`Jah Heavy Load')
JMI 1100 (Tree Roots prod. 1989)
`Lilly Of My Valley' (lot of love songs, yet VERY good) JMI 500 (Tree R. '85)
ÌJahman & Friends' (VERY VERY good, esp. most numbers:-) (some guests, like
Black Uhuru and His Majesterian appear) JMI 900, Tree Roots '88
Àfrica' (to bore you all...again ALL BRILLIANT, great blazing, as usual)
JMI 400, Tree Roots '84
Very recently (dedicated to 100th Anniversary of Haile Sellasie) my gf
gave me the album:
`KingFari', I love side A, side B (love songs) I like.(JMI 1400 Tree Roots '92)
(Oh yes, I recorded [from radio!] `Live in Paradiso '87, guess that will
not be found worldwide though:-)
-------------------From: Richard W Anglin <anglin@acsu.buffalo.edu>
Well at the top of my list is BURNING SPEAR!!
Anything of Burning Spear up to the late 1980's. Especially the new compilation
HAIL H.I.M.
CULTURE also primo... newly released BABYLON BRIDGE
LINTON KWESI JOHNSON
THE GLADIATORS
THE ABBYSINIANS....check out their compilation on the HEARTBEAT label..SATTA
MASSAGNA it is now considered to be a colector's item.
THE MEDITATORS
THE ORIGINAL WAILERS.... BOB MARLEY and the WAILERS when they were called the
WAILERS
U-ROY
JACOB MILLER... an unsung HERO!
INI KAMOSI.... "BEFORE he went to jail"
basically I recommend all roots reggae before the mid to late 1980's
------------------------REGGAE ON THE INTERNET

page 10

VOLUME ONE

In article <3dqelm$43o@newsbf02.news.aol.com>, papalee@aol.com (Papa Lee) writes:
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>

>I buy the CD's for a public library and I am trying to build up the reggae
>collection. We have about 30 reggae CD's right now and I would like to buy
>a lot more. Any suggestions for some great reggae CD's would be appreciated.
>irie
This is a pretty interesting question, because the implications of buying
for a library are very different than buying for a private collection.
I'd have to start off with Island's Tougher than Tough Compilation, The
Trojan Story V1 and the Trojan Story V2, Duke Reid's Treasure Chest,
Mango's Pressure Drop, Coxsone's Ska Bonanza (on Heartbeat). Respect to
Studio One and Original Jamaican Classics, Hearbeat's Channel One:
Hitbound, Joe Gibbs/Mighty Two, Virgin's Natty Rebel Roots, Bob Marley's
Songs of Freedom and the Wailers One Love, Peter Tosh's Equal Rights,
Bunny Wailers Blackheart Man and Marcia Griffiths Naturally. Maybe
Heartbeat's Dee Jay Explosion. Niney's Observation Station. Clancy
Eccles' Fatty Fatty. Any two of VP's Strictly the Best and Jet Star's
Reggae Hits series for contemporary balance. Something by Dennis Brown
(Some Like It Hot or anything on the Joe Gibbs label would be a good
start), something by Gregory Isaacs (anything before 1982), something by
Big Youth (on Trojan) and something by U Roy (before 1978).
A
collection like that would touch on most of the salient points of reggae's
history with a touch of contemporary material as well. This material is
fairly available in the US as well.
Hope this helps.
One Love,
Lee O'Neill

-----------------------In article <APC&1'0'69c4b8aa'c77@igc.apc.org>, Lieschen Montaner <lmontaner@igc.apc.org>
writes:
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>

mango records has a collection of records called reggae greats. sly and
robbie's reggae greats album is a great album indeed.it features dub
tracks from their work with black uhuru in the 80's. some of the best
reggae in history was created by the combination of sly and robbie and
black uhuru.
one love, beto.

----------------------|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>

Here are a few records that any reggae fan should own - I tried to keep it
it to stuff that's currently available in the USA on CD and is sort of
rootsy.
Upsetters "Super Ape" - most people on this newsgroup agree that Lee Scratch
Perry is the greatest reggae producer ever. He's been very prolific, and
this is one of his absolute classics.
Gregory Isaacs "The Best Of . . ." - 20 classics from the Cool Ruler. When
he's not getting hassled by the man, the Lonely Lover's charming all the
ladies. Gregory has real style, an impeccable voice and great tunes.
This is my favourite record of his - 20 classic hits.
Culture "Two Sevens Clash" - you just can't beat this for great vocals and
all around righteousness. It's kind of a roots concept album, as is:
Burning Spear "100th Anniversary" - this is the Spear's most famous album,
"Marcus Garvey", plus its dub "Garvey's Ghost" on one CD. Unbeatable.
I'd also recommend just about any compilation of old stuff on the Heartbeat
label. They usually have great sound, good liner notes, and a fantastic
selection of songs. Good way to hear a range of artists for little $$.
Best in my opinion are:
"Channel One / Hit Bound: The Revolutionary Sound"
"Soul Defenders At Studio One"
or any of the three "Best Of Studio One" single CDs.
The great thing about reggae (well, one of them) is that you can start
with a few titles and expand from there pretty easily - you'll find that
you can trust some labels pretty consistently, that you'll develop have a
fondness for the work of certain producers at certain times (give me mid-'70s
Lee Perry or Joe Gibbs, anytime!) and some artists almost never let you down.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[5]. Live reggae recording recommendations
From: geofh@meibm4.cen.uiuc.edu ()

page 11

VOLUME ONE

Subject: Re: Recommendations for LIVE reggae productions
Geof's favorite live discsBlack Uhuru "Tear It Up- Live" on Mango <-- An incredible release
featuring my favorite BU lineup (Michael Rose, Ducky Simpson,
Puma) with Sly and Robbie rhythm section. Classic rockers
A must have.
Burning Spear "Live in Paris '88" on Slash/Blue Moon <--- There's
been talk of this album on the net before. Whichever version
you end up with is a killer one.
Toots and the Maytals "Live (at the Hammersmith Palace)" <--- You
want great crowd interaction? Check out the 11 (?) minute
"54-46 That's my Number" These guys have got soul. The
must have recommendation is a given for all of these selections.
Peter Tosh "Captured Live" on ??? (this is all from the top of my head)
<--- Killer. Relatively easy to find.
Bunny Wailer "Live" on Solomonic <--- I've only seen this on vinyl
with a pretty low sound quality. Includes stuff from
"Blackheart Man" and "Rootsman Skankin'
(sorry) and an "I'm the Toughest" cover. Anyone seen this on
disc? It's definitely worth it.
BMW "Live" <--- The prototype live reggae album.
----------------------From: bbe001@acad.drake.edu
Well I'm mostly roots myself, but just by chance I was listening to a "live" dancehall
record tonight- Charlie Chaplin's "Take Two." I know this might not be the new NEW
dancehall you're talking about, i.e. Ninjaman, Shabba, etc. But Chaplin's the MAN and he's
backed by Roots Radics here. I say "live" cause it's live in the studio, but he's got
plenty of people whistling and shouting. "Take Two" is 1990 on RAS.
More good live stuff would of course be any of the Sunsplashes! I have Eek-A-Mouse w/
Michigan and Smiley from the '84 Sunsplash and Yellowman at the '83. They both slam but
try to get the Eek-A-Mouse disc if you have to choose. That's all I can think of for
now...
ites,
Brad
-------------------From: oweng@aston.ac.uk (Gareth Owen)
Misty In Roots - Live at the Counter Eurovision '78 (on People Unite)
Wonderful stuff
-------------------From: dudley@treefort.Corp.Sun.COM (Dudley Gaman)
You probably have Marley's _Talkin' Blues_. If not, you must get it. Burning Spear's
_Live in Paris_ is very good. My favorite live reggae album is _Gregory Issacs Live_ from
the Reggae Greats collection. It was released 8 or 10 years ago, but I still listen to it
when I need a dose of Gregory at his best.
Dudley
-------------------From: rnelson@alexandria.lib.utah.edu (Robert Nelson)
I've got a 2 album bootleg of Peter Tosh
wicked version of Babylon Queendom.

called "Dealing with the Shytstem".

With a

There are a couple of other Marley bootlegs in circulation as well:
The Lion's Domain
Wailing For the Last Time.
(I don't feel too bad about picking up bootlegs, since Island shortchanged alot of the
rarities on Songs For Freedom; dem maga dogs!)
Robert.
-----------------------From: mike@jammin.nosc.mil (mike pawka)

page 12

VOLUME ONE

My favorite "live" CD is Mighty Diamonds "Live In Tokyo", although good luck in
finding it. It's a Japanese Import, I found it at Tower for $22.50 one day, grabbed it and
haven't seen a copy since. I think the performance is from about 1980.
-----------------------From: barstow@cv.hp.com (Art Barstow)
A few of my favorites that have not been mentioned:
o

Bob Marley and the Wailers: Babylon By Bus

o

Lucky Dube: Captured Live

o

Pato Banton: I think it is 'American Revolution' or 'Reggae Revolution';
it was recorded in San Fran. and has a good version of "Niceness"
and "Don't Sniff ...".

-----------------------Reply-To: coker@artiste.sitka.sun.com
Well, once again to address real reggae, lovers rock and the dancehall, the 25th
Anniversary Album from Alton Ellis is an all-time favorite live album.
From: linden@fanout.et.tudelft.nl (Hans van der Linden)
Though most of my favourites have yet been mentioned, still missing is the great:
Chalice - Live at Reggae Sunsplash 1982 (VSLP 8902, Vista Records)
Greetings, Hans
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[6]. Who was Marcus Garvey?
Excerpted from "Reggae International", Stephen Davis and Peter Simon.
Ethiopianism includes the appreciation of Ethiopia's ancient civilization as well as its
role in the Bible. To blacks, Africa (interchangeable with Ethiopia) became a glorious,
Biblical home-land equated with Zion. The recognition of African roots and the desire for
repatriation has been a central theme in New World black religion before and since
emancipation. Ethiopianism became a "black religious reaction to pro-slavey propaganda."
Marcus Garvey's "Back to Africa" movement developed the spirit of Ethiopianism to its
fullest extent.
....since the white people have seen their God through white spectacles, we have only now
started out (late though it be) to see our God through our own spectacles. Tbe God of
Isaac and the God of Jacob let him exist for the race that believe in the God of Isaac and
the God of Jacob. We Negroes believe in the God of Ethiopia, the everlasting God--God the
Son, God the Holy Ghost, tbe one God of all ages. That is the God in whom we believe, but
we sball worship him througb the spectacles of Ethiopia.
A. J. Garvey, The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey
Garvey's words planted the seeds for most "Black Cod" movements in the US and Caribbean.
Stressing the superiority of the ancient Africans and the dignity of the black race, he
inspired many successful nationaiist movements and numerous African leaders from Kenyatta
to Nyerere.
Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born in St. Ann, Jamaica, in 1887, descended from the fiercely
proud Maroons. He founded the newspaper The Negro World, which took as its motto his
nationalist cry, "One God, One Aim, One Destiny." In 1917, he founded UNIA (Universal
Negro Improvement Association) in Harlem. Its aims were described in a speech delivered
by Garvey in 1924 at Madison Square Garden, New York:
The Universal Improvement Association represents the hopes and aspirations of tbe awakened
Negro. Our desire is for a place in tbe world, not to disturb the tranquility of other
men, but to lay down our burden and rest our weary backs and feet by the banks of the
Niger and sing our songs and chant our hymns to the God of Ethiopia.
Garvey's goal of repatriation was expressed in his famous slogan "Africa for the
Africans." His well-known Black Star Line steamship company was established to trade and
eventually carry New World blacks to Africa. This prophet of African redemption was not
always successfull in his countless business ventures, but by the 1920s Garvey was the
most powerful leader among the black masses in the United States.
In 1916, before he left for his US campaign, Garvey's farewell address to Jamaicans
included the words "Look to Africa for the crowning of a Black king; he shall be the
Redeemer."

page 13

VOLUME ONE

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[7]. Can you recommend some Dancehall?
Profile's "Dancehall Stylee" Volumes I-III
VP's "Strictly The Best" Volumes 1-8
Mango's "Ram Dancehall"
| Scott Cairns

|

email: scairns@fsg.com

|

---------------------My own current dancehall faves, if yuh interested:
"Gal Wine" - Chakademus / Pliers
"Wear Yuh Size" - Lt. Stitchie
"Hypocrites" - Michael Prophet / Daddy Freddy
"Ruling Cowboy" - Cocoa Tea
"Fresh Vegetable" - Tony Rebel
"Love Fever" - Cobra
"Bandaleros" - Pinchers
"Jump Up" - Admiral Bailey
"Talk Tough" - Bobo General / Culture Lindsay
| DJ Scotty Ranks

|

email: scairns@fsg.com

|

----------------------To show respect to the broad field of dancehall stylees I compiled a list of `Big'
DJ/dancehall names (over the years, I guess somewhat since 78). These man and man have
settled their names in many ppl's memories and have made more than a couple of albums. I
added one of my favourite albums for each of them. I must have missed great ones by lots
and must have selected semi-optimal albums for many of them, so lets grow this list
please. Also a LOT of more temporary starts have made HOT ridims and lyrics, but including
them (Ashanti Waugh, Peter Culture, Scion Sashay Success, Tapper Zukie etc etc etc) would
make this list endless.
I roy - The General
U roy - Natty Rebel (++)
Papa/General Echo - 12" of Pleasure (man died too young, hear next album)
Clint Eastwoord & General Saint - Two Bad DJ
Michigan & Smiley Downpression
Yellowman & Fathead - I Cant take it (if live was a thing money coulda buy)
Yellowman & Home-T4 - Mr.Consular
(this one and previous are 12")
Barrington Levi - Here I Come
Mikey Dread - World War III
Sugar Minott - Time Longer Than Rope
Big Youth - Dread Locks Dread
Jah Thomas - Dance Hall Connection
Jah Woosh - Chalis blaze
Little John - True Confession
Max Romeo - Holding Out My Love To You (maybe not everyone finds this dancehall)
Winston Reedy - Crossover
Maxie Priest (slightly disco-ish) - You're Safe
Dr. Alimentado (not really dancehall) - Best Dressed Chicken In Town *
Eek-A-Mouse (singing DJ) (some like it some hate it)) - Skidip
Dillinger - (SORT of, various experiments) I did like CB200 (ocassionally still)
With the very many names over the years samplers are especially useful for selecting your
taste here. Nice samplers, i.e. `Super Fresh', `Sure Shot',
Very nice live samplers: a series called: `Live Dance Hall Session with ...', where ... is
`Aces International' or `Lees Unlimited' etc.
*) Sons of Thunder is better, yet less dancehall-ish
As I didn't purchase much dancehall the last few years, I missed the latest great names.
Also some stuff lost some actuality. All titles above are (for me at least) timeless
anyway. Oh yes, now we're on it. On MTV I saw Shabba, Snow, and Shaggy on 3, 2, 1 in
English chart as well. In Holland they must also be in top 5, accompanied by Dr.Alban
(reggae from sweden [or danmark?]). BTW, wouldn't someone be able and willing to post a
Jamaican chart on this group sometimes? Even with some delay it might keep us informed of
what is hot in Jamaica much quicker.
OK, sorry for the length of this, Greetings, Hans (flashbacks will change my musical diet
for some days, and they are already doing so:-)
Yes, it's one of the dusty, sleepy nyah mon making a dancehall recommendation:
Check out the ROIR/RAS CD, "Nice Up Dancee" featuring Sanchez, Flourgon, Little Lenny,
Johnny P., Tiger, Tippa Lee & Rappa Robert, Foxy Brown, Little Kirk, Paul Blake &
Bloodfire Posse, Super Glen, and Natural Beauty. Also Two Tough Record's "Dancehall
Boomshots".

EZ Noh,
page 14

mike
VOLUME ONE

------------------------Newsgroups: rec.music.reggae
Subject: Re: dancehall
It's always difficult to determine what is the "latest" dancehall: it always
depends on how soon you were able to get to the local reggae store before the last
shipment done!! Anyway:
-"Oh Carolina," Various Artists, King Jammy's version (Which is substantially faster and
different from the Signet (Sting Int'l) version.
-"Ghetto Vibes" Various Artists, also of Jammy's. Features D. Brown, Courtney
Melody/Risto Benjy, Bounty Killer etc.
-Sound Boy Burial - Trouble, Tan Yah records
-Welfare/Good Enough - Blacka Ranks/ the late great Alton Black, Tan Yah.
-People - Gen. Degree, Penthouse
-Creator - Tony Rebel, Penthouse
_Operation Ardent = Buju, Penthouse
-You a lead/??? - Nardo/Galaxy P, Penthouse
-Love will lead you back - Wayne Wonder, Penthouse
-Excellence - Louie Culture, Madhouse
I will check on some new stuff that I just got in the last month and give you the names.
Also let me know how far back you mean (1993 stuff, last month, etc..)
As for classic favorites - I'll just name some of mine:
"Here I come" - Dennis Brown
"Pumpkin Belly," "Ring the Alarm" - Tenor Saw
"Bam Bam" - Muma (then Sister) Nancy, Techniques (Winston Riley's - its on the same rhythm
as Tenor Saw's Ring the alarm and more recently Buju's "Do dem sup'm". Big Beat recently
rereleased it with a *Phizattt* hip-hop remix as well as the original.).
"Murderer," "Under me Sensi" - Barrington Levy
"Night Nurse," "Mr. Brown" - Gregory Isaacs
"Loving Pauper" - Dobby Dobson
"No,no,no" (You don't love me and I know) - Ken Boothe
"Greetings" "Level the vibes" - Half Pint
"Bobo Dread," "Leggo me hand" - Josey Wales
"Gunman Connection," "Suzy Q" - Nicodemus
Innumerable Yelloeman, especially with Fat head (e.g BAM BAM)
"Cry fi the Youth", "Mud up," "Sweet for my sweet," "Under Pressure," "Boops" - Super Cat.
"Synthersizer voice" - Pampidoo
"Gi me punany," "Think me did done" (part II), "Big Belly Man" - Adm. Bailey
"Big Batty Gal," "Jump Spread out" - Flourgon
"Ram Dancehall," "Boombastic," "No wanga gut," "Mi lover mi lover" - Tiger
Any pre-Atlantic record of Lieutenant Stitchie After: "Father Beat me hot, Old Confession,
All nations, Wear yu size"
"Pretty Looks done" - Major Mackerel
"Cover Me" - Ninja Man/Tinga Stewart
Etc. etc...
Selector Dudu Black
--------------------------From: ac999a11@umbc2.umbc.edu
Subject: RE: dancehall
Here are a few more to add:
Zion in a vision - Garnet Silk
Love of a lifetime - ???
Love how de gal dem flex - Buju
If I ever fall in love again (cover) - Pinchers
Why so much gun and ammunition - Tony Rebel
They're not brand new, but are among some of the better '93 selection to come out.
As for classic favorites - Some to add here would be:
Jump Up - Tiger
Babylon Boops - Lovindeer
Computer Burial - ???
Sorry - Foxy Brown
Love the life you live - Colonel Mite and Frighty
Gun Talk - Tony Rebel
Dolly My Baby (Original Version) - Super Cat
Cuff - Shelly Thunder
She a Trickster - ???
Love the Ghetto Youth - Admiral Bailey
Telephone Lover - J.C. Lodge
One Blood - ???
page 15

VOLUME ONE

>Selector Dudu Black
-----------------------Some Stuff That Came out in 92 that may be classic soon:
Ting-a-ling - Shabba
Boom Bye Bye - Buju
Murder She Wrote - Shaka Demus and Pliers
Lord, Me Can't Take it No More - General Degree
Granny - ??? (Same Version as that above)
Falling in Love All Over Again - Beres Hammond
Big Up Big Up - ???
Murderation - Capleton
Dem A Bleach - Nardo Ranks
Hot This Year - ???
Love is Guaranteed - Reggie Stepper
Richard Thomas
ac999a11@umbc2.umbc.edu
--------------------Also, you'd asked about updating the dancehall FAQ recently. I think of course the
selectors like Mr. Black are most qualified to do so, but I do think for '94 anyhow, the
new Pepperseed Riddim should get some mention
Stress
Tickle Her Body
Big Speech
Wifee
Dappa
Big Thing a Gwan
Kotch, #2

Michigan and Smiley
Baja Jedd
Frisco Kid
Dugsey Ranks
Donovan Steele, Daddy Screw
"
"
Terror Fabulous

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[8]. Is there a newsgroup that caters to those of us who enjoy soca, zouk, salsa, or
merengue?
Try rec.music.afro-latin
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[9]. Books on Rastafarianism?
The title says it all. I currently have Leonard E. Barrett's book. Anyone know of other
reputable titles?
----------------------From: "richard paul" <richard.paul@canrem.com>
Well Steve... it's been a while since I have been up on the topic... ( moved back to
Toronto Canada after working in Jamaica in 1979-80), but you may wish to check out Joseph
Owens, DREAD: The Rastafarians of Jamaica. Published by Sangsters (Jamaica) in 1979.
Rex Nettleford also has some interesting things to say in his book, Caribbean Cultural
Identity: The Case of Jamaica - AN Essay in Cultural Dynamics (1978) Institute of Jamaica
I seem to recall a professor at York University in Toronto - Carol Yawney I beleive
working on her PhD. dissertation on this very topic. If you have access to interlibrary
loan, you may be able to get hold of this work.
----------------------From: bb@generali.harvard.edu (Brent Byer)
Check for:
By:
Publisher:

"Rasta and Resistance" (From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney)
Horace Campbell
Africa World Press, Inc.
PO Box 1892
Trenton, NJ 08607
Phone: (609) 695-3766
ISBN: 0-86543-035-7 (paper, 234 pg, $12.) c1987; 3rd printing, 1990
From the back cover:
"Rasta and Resistance" is a study of the Rastafarian Movement in
all its manifestations, from its evolution in the hills of Jamaica
to its present manifestations in the streets of Birmingham and
page 16
VOLUME ONE

the Shashamane Settlement of Ethiopia. It traces the cultural,
political and spiritual sources of this movement of resistance,
highlighting the quest for change among an oppressed people.
This book serves to break the intellectual traditions which
placed the stamp of millenarianism on Rasta.
From close of Chapter 3:
"The symbols of the flag, the lion, the drum, the chalice, the locks,
and the distinctive language were reflections of a style of resistance.
The Rasta were neither crazy nor millenarian, for they were part of the
sufferers who were making their own protest against the sickness of
the colonial society.
....
The Dreadlocks of the hills were making their imprint on the consciousness
of the poor and it is to the evolution of the movement which we now turn.
The Rastafari were creating the musical forms to strengthen the people
to meet the violence and thuggery of neo-colonialism."
--------------------->Dear fellow internet_er,
>
I am an anthropology student in Fredericton, Canada and I am
>trying to obtain information about Rastafarianism. I would like to know
>if this movement is a millinerian movement or if millinerian is just a
>generalized title of the movement. I would appreciate any comments or
>information pertaining to this debate.
Check out the books....
AUTHOR: Barrett Leonard Emanuel
TITLE: The Rastafarians
IMPRINT: Kingston, Jamaica Sangster's Book Stores Ltd London Heinemann Educational 1977
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: ill
SUBJECT: Ras Tafari movement History
CLASSMARK: Theology AF 430 BAR
Revised and Updated Edition, 1988, Beacon Press (Boston) BP795,
ISBN 0-0870-1026-X ; ISBN 0-8070-1027-8 (paper)
and....
AUTHOR: Cashmore Ernest
TITLE: Rastaman the Rastafarian movement in England
IMPRINT: London Allen & Unwin 1979
SUBJECT: Ras Tafari movement England * West Indians England
CLASSMARK: Theology AF430 CAS * Adam Smith Lib 2 copies
The first book goes into this subject in reasonable depth, and also gives valuable
pointers to other sources. I've just started reading the second, so no great comments to
give for that particular one...
Maybe you should include this book in the archives...
AUTHOR: Cashmore Ernest
TITLE: Rastaman the Rastafarian movement in England
IMPRINT: London Allen & Unwin 1979
SUBJECT: Ras Tafari movement England * West Indians England
CLASSMARK: Theology AF430 CAS * Adam Smith Lib 2 copies
--Steve.
----------------|>
Several books to look for:
|>
|>
ITATIONS OF JAMAICA AND I RASTAFARI (First Itation)
|>
ISBN: 0-9512222-0-1
|>
AUTHOR: Mihlawhdh Faristzaddi
|> AND
|>
ITATIONS OF JAMAICA AND I RASTAFARI (Second Itation)
|>
ISBN: 1-962-3333-1-2
|>
AUTHOR: Mihlawhdh Faristzaddi
|>
|>
Both books explore and celebrate Rastafari culture in Jamaica and
|>
elsewhere with poetry, psalms, praises and wonderful photographs,
|>
including many from Ethiopia. These books are perfect companion
|>
pieces to Norman's insightful posts, which by the way, are respected
|>
as positive contributions to rmr.
|>
|>
The books are available from:
|>
|>
JUDAH ANBESA
|>
P.O. BOX 160998
page 17
VOLUME ONE

|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>
|>

MIAMI, FLORIDA 33116 USA
Here are a few more that I found helpful and/or interesting:
Title:Rastafari: The Healing of the Nation
Author: Dennis Forsythe
Date: 1983
Publisher: Ziaka Publications
Box 405
Constant Springs P.O.
Kingston, Jamaica
/// I doubt if the address is still valid but I purchased it in JA last
summer so, who knows.///
Title: Roots of Rastafari
Author: Virgia Lee Jacobs
Date:
1985
Publisher: Avant Books
Slawson Communications, Inc.
3719 Sixth Avenue
San Diego, CA 92103-4316
IBSN: 0-932238-25-4 (pbk)
Title: Race, Class, and Political Symbols: Rastafari and Reggae in
Jamaican Politics.
Author: Anita M. Waters
Date: 1985; paperback edition 1989
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
New Brunswick, NJ 08903
IBSN: 0-88738-632-6 (pbk) and 0-88738-024-7 (not pbk)
///This is a scholarly work--almost a textbook--thats appears to be a spin
off of a PhD disertation. Nonetheless, there is a whole heap of valuable
information and EXTENSIVE bibliography.
I hope all of this helps.
--Papa Pilgrim
Reggae Ambassadors Worldwide
pilgrim@xmission.com

-----------------------|>
|>
|>
|>
|>

There's a pretty new book on Rasta out called "Rastafari: Roots and
Ideology" by Barry Chevannes, a professor of Sociology at UWI. I haven't
read it yet, but it might be in there. ISBN 0-8156-0296-0.
Robert Nelson

-----------------------"Rastafari: Roots and Ideology"
Author: Barry Chevannes
Copyright (1994)
Syracuse University Press
Sewell, Tony. "Garvey's Children: The Legacy of Marcus Garvey".
Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-333-49124-6
_RASTAFARI: ROOTS AND IDEOLOGY_
298pp

1990, London, Macmillan

by Barry Chevannes Syracuse University Press, 1994.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[10.] What are the different reggae styles?
From: pharvey@quack.kfu.com (Paul Harvey)
Subject: Re: Reggae styles
In article <Mar08.171038.66404@yuma.ACNS.ColoState.EDU>
jn163051@longs.LANCE.ColoState.Edu (Joel Nevison) writes:
>One thing I am a bit fuzzy on is the defining characteristics of
>the various styles of reggae; dancehall, rock steady, etc etc.
>I have a grip on the difference between ska and dub, but those
>are pretty obvbious. Could some of the experts here give an outline
>of the musical characteristics of the various styles?
Also helpful
>would be a short list of titles that are good examples of or define
>a particular style.
I've been listening to reggae for so long, and
>mainly break it down into two groups; love it, and okay. Seems I
>ought to maybe think about it a little more now.

page 18

VOLUME ONE

I'll start but, it's not easy to do in writing. And I could probably stand some education
myself, anyway:
Ska - 50-60's, pioneered by the Skatalites? There is a thing called the ska beat, which I
don't really know how to describe, maybe you take each beat and make it triplet with the
two outer notes played by a guitar or keyboard or horn and the center note a drum hit.
Anyway, much ska was just American pop of the 50-60's with a ska beat, but there was
orginal stuff also and there were certainly a lot of variations in the basic ska beat.
[For more info on Ska, check the alt.music.ska FAQ:
<URL:http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/music/ska-faq/top.html>
<URL:ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/music/ska-faq/part1>
<URL:ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/music/ska-faq/part2>
<URL:ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/music/ska-faq/part3> ]
Dub - is just dubing something, usually vocals, onto an instrumental version, often a B
side.
Rock Steady was late 60's and was a slowed down version of ska with more of a rock feel.
Roots was sort of a cross between American Rock and Ska/Rock-Steady, The Wailers being the
equivalent of the Beatles.
Dancehall seems to be the catchall for 80's and 90's Jamaican music and is a varied as
American Modern Rock/Pop music. Shabba Ranks is probably the big name here, but there are
of course many others. There are lots of terms for sub-types of Dancehall.
--------------------From: ld21@cunixf.cc.columbia.edu (Lee Dirks)
I'm not sure anyone can say exactly who pioneered ska, but the Skatalites were definitely
right there at the beginning...and are still going strong!
As far as I know, Dub should probably come in later down in this list, but that is a minor
point.
>Rock Steady was late 60's and was a slowed down version of ska with more
>of a rock feel.
I think you could safely say early 60s...
>Roots was sort of a cross between American Rock and Ska/Rock-Steady, The
>Wailers being the equivalent of the Beatles.
Good call. Fitting in after Roots (chronologically) would be Lover's Rock and the man
Gregory Isaacs, along with many other smooth singers of this style.
Before we jump on to dancehall, I think you should mention its origins, those being
Toasting and DJ. At least I would say these are the precursors, or the given to dancehall
before it was called dancehall. Toasting: U-Roy would probably be one of the grand-daddys
of this musical form (Big Youth as well?), working the sound systems and chanting and
toasting over dub versions of other popular tunes of their day. Then, that was followed
by the DJ style popularized by The King (in his day) Yellowman; this style glided straight
into Dancehall as we know it today. At least, this is my take on the situation. I'm more
a roots man myself, so I'm not exactly taking about my field here.
>Dancehall seems to be the catchall for 80's and 90's Jamaican music and
>is a varied as American Modern Rock/Pop music. Shabba Ranks is probably
>the big name here, but there are of course many others. There are lots
>of terms for sub-types of Dancehall.
I think this idea of drawing up catageories and writing descriptions and listing artists
which define the style is a good idea which should be continued by all who wish to
contribute. This could develop into a file worth saving. Let's keep filling in the
blanks!!
-------------------From: bbe001@acad.drake.edu
>>Dub - is just dubing something, usually vocals, onto an instrumental
>>version, often a B side.
Ah but so much more brah. It started out with people like King Tubby and Augustus Pablo
taking the instrumental tracks from the A-sides, then pumping up the bass, using delay
(like an echo) effects on the instruments and sometimes maybe a snatch of vocals for the
B-sides. If it was just stripping the vocals off, then it's just a "version" record. This
is why some songs use the same riddims. But then, they just started having studio
musicians provide the music.
page 19
VOLUME ONE

Now, with the new techno-dub, for lack of a better word, the drum machines and synths are
doing a lot of it- like Jah Shaka and King (used to be Prince) Jammy's newer stuff.
>>Dancehall seems to be the catchall for 80's and 90's Jamaican music and
>>is a varied as American Modern Rock/Pop music. Shabba Ranks is probably
>>the big name here, but there are of course many others. There are lots
>>of terms for sub-types of Dancehall.
Definately true- about the deejay style of the 80's before dancehall now. Like Eek-AMouse, Michigan and Smiley, and King Yello. For those of you interested in some CONSCIOUS
DANCEHALL- check out Charlie Chaplin -"Take Two," etc.
I remeber reading about all these wierd names like "sleng-teng" and some others I don't
remember. I think sleng-teng was real techno-synth stuff. And I still don't know what
"inna yard style" is! Yeah yard is your house, but someone tell me an actual artist in the
yardee style, if any.
Respect,
Brad
---------------------From: mcbean@vax.oxford.ac.uk
Date: 13 Mar 93 07:29:05 GMT
In article <C3pyGB.sq@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk>, stevem@dcs.glasgow.ac.uk (Steve McGowan) writes:
>
>
>
>
>

I think Mento may have been more blues oriented than reggae (as we
know it today), but not so distant that reggae could not evolve
from it.
Anyone shed some light?

My understanding of mento was that it is more like calypso (old calypso as opposed to
soca). It certainly sounds like it, more rhythmical lyrically, in a storytelling
tradition which suggests that it is closer to the original African music forms. Some
fuzzy memory tells me I'm on the right track but don't quote me definitely. It was
probably more influenced by the folk music forms of England & great britain, since it
comes from an era where dances like the quadrille were still prevalent.
It definitely predates ska, and if you listen to ska then you can hear some of the mento
influence coming through, and of course reggae comes out of the ska tradition.
There is a Jamaican "musicologist" (whatever that is supposed to mean), Dermot Hussey, who
has published several articles on this. Unfortunately residing in "Babylon" at present
means I have no way of enlightening you:-)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[11.] CARIBANA FAQ
CARIBANA '93 - FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
Version 1.00 - Last updated July 14, 1993
Compiled by Steve Frampton <frampton@vicuna.ocunix.on.ca> with help from several
contributors (listed at the end of this document, section "Q-15").
This document is copyright 1993 by Steve Frampton (on behalf of himself and all the
contributors) but is freely distributable to the benefit of Caribana '93 and the West
Indian communities in Toronto and surrounding areas.
---===
Q-00.
Q-01.
Q-02.
Q-03.
Q-04.
Q-05.
Q-06.
Q-07.
Q-08.
Q-09.
Q-10.
Q-11.
Q-12.
Q-13.
Q-14.
Q-15.
Q-16.

Do you have any legal disclaimers to get out of the way first?
What the #&*$! took you so long to release this FAQ!?
What the heck is "Caribana", anyway?
When will Caribana '93 take place?
What is the schedule of Caribana '93 events?
Sounds great, now where can I purchase tickets?
Can you recommend some nice and affordable accomodations?
Which forms of transportation should I use to get around?
What kind of musical styles (and who is playing!) will be featured?
Where are some good places to get authentic West Indian food?
Caribana aside, what are some good Caribbean clubs in the area?
Which Caribbean radio stations can I listen to while I'm in Toronto?
How can I get more information about this wonderful event?
I'm too far away for Caribana -- do you know of any similar events?
Any "Quotable Quotes" from past attendees you want to share?
Who contributed to this FAQ document?
In the perspicacious words of Janet Jackson, "Is that the end?"

---===

page 20

VOLUME ONE

Q-00. Do you have any legal disclaimers to get out of the way first?
Neither myself (Steve Frampton) nor any of the contributors (listed at the end of this
document) shall be held liable for any damages caused by the information (or misinformation, as the case may be) contained within this document, including but not limited
to, special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Although every attempt has been made to ensure a reasonable degree of accuracy is
contained herein, this document has been prepared more as a general guide and is not
intended to be used as a definitive "bible" of the events at large. You are encouraged to
contact any of the people listed under section "Q-12" for more information on Caribana '93
before making any plans.
In short, USE THIS INFORMATION AT YOUR OWN RISK.
---===
Q-01. What the #&*$! took you so long to release this FAQ!?
This is the first-ever release of the Caribana FAQ. The information gathering took a lot
longer than I had expected, due not only to the fact that Caribana planning seems to be
delayed until the last minute, but also due to my excessive procrastination. :-)
I'd like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who kept in constant contact with me
to get this thing done, and also to apologize to the net for the incessant delays in
releasing this FAQ, as well as some of the information being unavailable for inclusion.
Much of the information herein will hold true for future Caribana events, so I'll be able
to release this FAQ in coming years much earlier than this one. In short, we'll get it
right for Caribana '94! :-)
Thanks for your patience, and on behalf of myself and all who contributed, good luck and
have a blast at this year's Caribana!
---===
Q-02. What the heck is "Caribana", anyway?
Caribana is an annual event, founded 26 years ago by Toronto's Trinidadian community as
the Northern version of Trinidad's Carnival. As Caribana increased in popularity, other
West Indian communities contributed to the festivities, and recently the Latin and African
communities joined in as well.
During the last two and half decades, Caribana's popularity has been increasing
exponentially. 25 years ago it was a celebration of only a few thousand. Last year,
Caribana celebrated it's 25th anniversity -- and over 2,000,000 people were in attendance
to make it the most successful year for Caribana so far.
According to a past member of the Caribana Cultural Committee, the Mardi Gras in New
Orleans had approximately 4,000,000 people attend in 1991. At Caribana's current rate of
growth, Caribana will surpass this famous carnival within only a couple of years.
Caribana is the success it is because of the people who attend -- and they come from all
over the world, often to meet with family who are also in attendance or living in the
area. A publication that was released for Caribana '92 indicated that many people plan
family reunions. During past years, people made plans to meet at specific street corners
on the parade route. In 1991, however, the route was changed to follow the lake shore,
where there were no specific buildings or corners. Luckily, some bright individual
noticed that each lamp post had unique code numbers affixed, and the word went out that
this would be an ideal method used for meeting family and friends.
---===
Q-03. When will Caribana '93 take place?
Caribana is a two week period of events beginning in the latter part of July, ending with
a major blowout on the long weekend (Canadian Civic holiday) at the beginning of August.
Although many people believe that Caribana is only a single weekend consisting of the
parade on Saturday and the island picnics on Sunday, it is actually two weeks in length!
There are many events that are held during this period, including the Junior Carnival, and
the King & Queen's Pageant to name only a couple.
---===
Q-04. What is the schedule of Caribana '93 events?
There are all kinds of parties and activities at Caribana that will take place all around
Toronto. Here is the schedule and pricing information:
MONDAY, JULY 19, 12:00 PM - 2:00 PM: OFFICIAL FESTIVAL LAUNCH
Nathan Phillips Square, City Hall / Cost = FREE
page 21

VOLUME ONE

Entertainment will include "Massive Chandelier", "Lady Pearl", "Pan Fantasy Steelband", as
well as "The Scarborough Caribbean Youth Dance Ensemble".
FRIDAY, JULY 23, 7:30 PM - 11:30 PM: WARM-UP PARTY
Nathan Phillips Square, City Hall / Cost = FREE
Entertainment includes "Massive Chandelier", "Moss International", "Lady Pearl", "Elsworth
James", "The Caribbean Folk Performers", "Metrotones Steelband", "Brother Resistance", and
the Rap and Step Dance winners from a previous CCC event.
SUNDAY, JULY 25, 2:00 PM - 8:00 PM: JUNIOR CARNIVAL
Lamport Stadium, 1155 King Street West
Cost = $12.00 adults, $5.00 seniors & children
(Competition of children's carnival costumes).
Entertainment includes "Tropical Youth Dancers", "Panatics Steel Band", Rap-Off 1st
runner-up, step dance, and D.J. Frankie, D.J. Lee.
MONDAY-FRIDAY, JULY 26-30, 7:30 PM - 11:30 PM: SUNSET CRUISES
The Trillium / Cost = $25.00 adults (excluding bar & meals)
Cruise on Lake Ontario while you dance as the sun sets. Board the ferry at the foot of
Bay Street. Featuring Caribbean cuisine and a cash bar.
Entertainment varies depending on evening: Monday is "Massive Chandelier" and "D.J. Lee",
Tuesday "Pelham Goddard & Charlies Roots" and "D.J. Bad Lad", Wednesday "Atlantik" and
"D.J. Bad Lad", Thursday
"Carribbean Traffic Jam" and "D.J. Frankie", and Friday is "Moss International" and "D.J.
Lee".
WEDNESDAY-FRIDAY, JULY 28-30, 12:00 PM - 4:00 AM: CASINO CARIBANA
Regal Constellation Hotel, 900 Dixon Road / Cost = FREE
Casino gambling; $10.00 maximum bets (Rapid Blackjack up to $100), Las Vegas style rules,
professional dealers.
THURSDAY, JULY 29, 8:30 PM - 1:00 AM: KING AND QUEEN OF THE BANDS
Lamport Stadium, 1155 King Street West
Cost = $15.00 adults, $5.00 seniors & children
A competition for the King, Queen & Individual of the bands. Features spectacular display
of costumes, Caribbean cuisine.
Entertainment includes "Silhouettes Steelband", and "D.J. Bad Lad".
FRIDAY, JULY 30, 8:30 PM - 2:00 AM: CARNIVAL DANCE
Toronto Airport Hilton, 5875 Airport Road / Cost = $25.00 adults only
Dance all night long to the music of "Pelham Goddard & Charles Roots",
"Brass Trazx", "D.J. Bad Lad".
Chance to win family accomodation for 4 nights at Caribana '94 at the Toronto Airport
Hilton (winner to be announced night of this event).
SATURDAY, JULY 31, 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM: CARIBANA PARADE
Exhibition Stadium, Lakeshore Blvd. West
Cost = $10.00 adults, $5.00 seniors & children, $26.00 family of four
The most well-known event of Caribana. Thousands of masqueraders in colourful costumes
parade before panel of judges. Dance to the Caribbean's pulsating music, as the bands
play west along the Lakeshore to Parkside Drive.
SATURDAY, JULY 31, 8:30 PM - 2:00 AM: CARIBANA 'LAS' LAP' DANCE
Delta Toronto Airport, 801 Dixon Road / Cost = $15.00 adults only
After the parade dance to the rhythms of "Shandu", and "D.J. Lee".
SUNDAY, AUGUST 1, 8:00 PM - 2:00 AM: KAISOFEST
Skyline Hotel, 655 Dixon Road / Cost = $15.00 adults only
Featuring local Calypsonians, cash bar.
SUNDAY-MONDAY, AUGUST 1-2, 12:00 PM - 8:00 PM:
OLYMPIC ISLAND CARIBBEAN MUSIC FESTIVAL
Take the ferry at the foot of Bay Street to Olympic Island
Cost each day = $15.00 adults, $5.00 seniors & children
This is a 2 day festival featuring Caribbean music, dances, craft exhibitions, and
Caribbean cuisine, as well as a beer garden.
Entertainment varies depending on day; on Sunday: "Atlantik", "Pelham Goddard & Charles
Roots", "Sparrow", "David Rudder", "United Sisters", "Iwer George", "Anslem Douglas",
"Show-Do-Man", "Triveni Brass", "Hit Squad", "Jayson", "Jones & Jones", "Jackie James",
"Chester Miller", "Los Karachis", "Tommy Joseph", "Ballet Creole", "Afro Pan", and
"Protector". On Monday: "Atlantik", "Second Imij", "Sparrow", "David Rudder", "United
Sisters", "Rikki Jai", "Anslem Douglas", "Instant Jam", "Elsworth James", "Tabaruk",
"Devon Irie", "Inspector Lenny", "Dance Caribe", "Pan Fantasy", "Ramabai Espinet &
Sudharshan", "Tommy Joseph", "Protector", "Jones & Jones", "Military Force", "Simply
Majestic", as well as the Rap-off winner from a previous CCC event.
---===
Q-05. Sounds great, now where can I purchase tickets?
Tickets for any of the events can be purchased in any of the following outlets:
* Toronto Central *

page 22

VOLUME ONE

Caribana Carnival Shop
& Main Ticket Outlet
College Park, 444 Yonge St.
(at College Subway)
(416) 977-8337

Pizzazz Unlimited
1266 Danforth Ave. (near Greenwood)
Toronto, Ontario
(416) 465-6738

The Official Caribana Store #1
College Park, 444 Yonge St.
(inside mall)
(416) 977-8337

The Bay, Queen St.
401 Bay Street
Toronto, Ontario M5H 2Y4
(416) 861-9111

The Official Caribana Store #2
301 Yonge St. @ Dundas St.
Toronto, Ontario
(416) 974-9888

Rock Wells
301 Yonge St.
Toronto, Ontario
(416) 974-9888

M5B 1R2

* North Central *
Loxx Hair Design & Esthetics
4844A Yonge Street
(1 block north of Sheppard)
North York, Ontario
(416) 222-0311
* West *
Climax Records Promotions
8 & 10 MacDonnell Ave.
(Queen & Lansdowne)
Toronto, Ontario
(416) 588-5372

Mr. Jerk
1552 Eglington Ave. W. @ Dufferin
Toronto, Ontario
(416) 783-1367

Elma's Spice Corner
255 Dundas St. West, Unit 4A
(Parker Hill Centre)
(416) 277-0557

Nappy's
267 Queen St. East
Brampton, Ontario
(416) 453-3037

Fade II Black
Main Mall Level
140 King St. East
Hamilton, Ontario
(416) 527-3233

Nappy's
20 Dundas St. East
Mississauga, Ontario
(416) 949-6787

Northern Lights Records Tapes & Discs
3-1750 The Queensway, Suite 1329
Etobicoke, Ontario
(416) 674-3836
* East *
Mello Music
Liberty Square Plaza
2388 Eglington Ave. East
Scarborough, Ontario
(416) 757-7812

Network Records
2918 Sheppard Ave. East
(at Victoria Park Ave.)
North York, Ontario
(416) 489-0938

Mr. Jerk
3050 Don Mills Road
North York, Ontario
(416) 491-3593
---===
Q-06. Can you recommend some nice and affordable accomodations?
Accomodation can be tight, with most hotels usually being fully booked for at least the
final weekend. Because of this, it is very important that you make hotel reservations
*well in advance*.
It cannot be stressed enough: MAKE RESERVATIONS WELL IN ADVANCE! It is recommended you
make reservations as much as 2 months in advance of your intended stay. (You'll of course
be able to do this for Caribana '94 when this FAQ is released a *lot* earlier).
Another thing to consider is that generally accomodation rates raise for the event.
Accomodation rates right in the downtown area can go as high as $140 CDN per night.
Some good ideas to help keep accomodation costs down are to make plans to stay with
friends or relatives if possible, or perhaps find others who may with to join you in
sharing the cost of a room.
Another way to keep costs down is to stay in a hotel near the airport, or even stay in
Mississauga, Brampton, Oshawa, or any other of the cities outside of Toronto. This could
page 23
VOLUME ONE

save you plenty; and most of these areas have reasonably efficient public transportation
to take you back and forth to Caribana.
If money isn't a big concern with you, then staying in downtown Toronto is probably the
best bet, as you would be within walking distance to many of the events!
Below are a few places you may wish to consider for your accomodation needs. Prices
should not be taken as absolute; they are more of a range of prices you can expect. You
are recommended to contact any of the hotels for actual prices. Don't forget to inquire
about weekend package deals.
Prices and phone numbers subject to change without notice. If you find an error in this
FAQ document, please e-mail the correct information to the FAQ maintainer. In addition,
if you can find it the e-mail address of a particular hotel (if available) I would
appreciate it if you can pass the information on so it can be included here.
* Toronto Downtown *
BEST WESTERN PRIMROSE HOTEL - (416) 977-8000 or FAX (416) 977-6323
111 Carlton Street
- Single $ 99-$129
Toronto
- Double $109-$159
BOND PLACE HOTEL
65 Dundas Street East
Toronto

- (416) 360-6406
- Single $ 59-$ 89
- Double $ 69-$109

CARLTON INN
30 Carlton Street
Toronto

- (416) 977-6655 or FAX (416) 977-0502
- Double $ 69-$ 79

HOLIDAY INN ON KING
370 King Street West
Toronto

- (416) 599-4000
- $ 70-$124

HOTEL IBIS
240 Javis Street
Toronto

- (416) 593-9400 or FAX (416) 593-8426
- Single $ 94
- Double $109

HOTEL VICTORIA
56 Yonge Street
Toronto

- (416) 363-1666 or FAX (416) 363-7327
- Single $ 99-$120
- Double $114-$135

STRATHCONA HOTEL
60 York Street
Toronto

- (416) 363-3321 or FAX (416) 363-4679
- Single $ 59
- Double $ 69

* Toronto Airport *
Suggestions would be appreciated.
* Hotels Around Vicinity *
BROWNSTONE HOTEL
15 Charles Street East
Yorkville

- (800) 263-8967, (416) 924-7381
- Single $ 90-$110
- Double $100-$120

HOTEL SELBY
592 Sherbourne Street
Toronto

- (416) 921-3142 or FAX (416) 923-3177
- Single $ 45-$ 55
- Double $ 55-$ 75

JOURNEY'S END
280 Bloor Street West
Yorkville

- (416) 968-0010 or FAX (416) 968-7765
- Single $ 94
- Double $109

VENTURE INN
89 Avenue Road
Yorkville

- (416) 964-1220 or FAX (416) 964-8692
- Single $ 89
- Double $ 99

* Toronto North Vicinity *
ROEHAMPTON HOTEL
808 Mount Pleasant Road
Toronto

- (416) 487-5101 or FAX (416) 487-5390
- Single $ 85-$ 95
- Double $ 85-$ 95

* East North Vicinity *
THE SHERATON TORONTO EAST
2035 Kennedy Road
Scarborough

- (416) 299-1500 or FAX (416) 299-8959
- Single $ 89-$135
- Double $ 85-$160
page 24
VOLUME ONE

* Pickering *
* Mississauga *
* Oshawa *
---===
Q-07. Which forms of transportation should I use to get around?
Caribana events are held in locations all around Metro Toronto, and for many of them,
transportation is required.
During the day, you are strongly urged to take public transportation to and from the
various events. Toronto is quite convenient as far as public transportation is concerned,
offering subway, bus, and streetcar to get you where you want to go. GO trains are also
available to transport you from some of the more distance areas (for example if you have
arranged accomodations in Oshawa). All parking at GO stations is free, so a good idea
might be to drive to a GO station and take the train in.
In Metro Toronto, the subway system runs until ??:?? am, with the busses running until
??:?? am. This is pretty convenient, but if you're planning to wind your waist well into
the night, a car will probably be required.
Phone the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) at (416) 393-INFO for special information on
the Caribana route.
A word to the wise: Do NOT drive a car on the final weekend (Saturday, the day of the
parade). There will be *lots* of people in Toronto for this event, and it is pretty sure
that driving will be a headache and parking will be a nightmare.
---===
Q-08. What kind of musical styles (and what bands!) will be featured?
If it has any relevance to the Caribbean, it will be featured. Calypso, rap, reggae,
soca, even some dancehall will all be offered, whether at Caribana or at any other of the
great Caribbean clubs in the area.
By far, the best deal is to go to Nathan Phillips Square. Everybody shows up to perform,
and it only costs about $15. For more information on this or any other musical event, see
question "Q-04", schedule of events.
---===
Q-09. Where are some good places to get authentic West Indian food?
Good news! West Indian food is in abundance at any time of the year in Toronto, but even
more so when Caribana comes to town.
You can find good West Indian restaurants with great food at reasonable prices. Toronto
is an expensive city though, so the finer restaurants will set you back a bit. There are
also many street vendors providing West Indian delicacies at Caribana events.
Toronto is the city and Caribana is the event where you can act out all your culinary
fantasies! Imagine if you will, curry goat with fried dumplings. How about some spicy
beef roti, or perhaps some jerk chicken to put fire in your eyes. All the good
restaurants and night clubs are situated in a relatively small area, so they are all easy
to get to.
Caribbean Restaurants/Cafes:
The Real Jerk Pit
????
Roti Palace
Bathurst Street, about a block south of "Honest Ed's"
Supreme Restaurant & Tavern
1559 Eglinton Avenue West
Toronto
Phone: (416) 782-1470
Ali's West Indian Roti Shop

Michidean's Take Out
758 Dovercourt Road
Toronto
(416) 531-1474
page 25

VOLUME ONE

1446 Queen Street
Toronto
(416) 532-7701
Caribbean Grocery/Specialty Stores:
Mr. $aver - Signature Plaza
1366 Weston Road
Toronto
(416) 241-9470

Wire's Variety
753 Dovercourt Road
Toronto
(416) 531-2616

Danforth Variety/Fruit Market
2742 Danforth Avenue
Toronto
(416) 690-5579

Tower Fresh Fruit Market
10-12 Tower Drive
Scarborough
(416) 750-8599

Caribbean Corner Variety
1032 Brock Street, Unit 2
Whitby
(416) 430-6275
---===
Q-10. Caribana aside, what are some good Caribbean clubs in the area?
I was able to get names of the nicer clubs but unfortunately not the addresses for the
majority of them. Look them up in the phone book if you want to patronize them, hopefully
I'll be able to include further information next year.
- California Dreams, downtown Toronto, near Yonge & Bloor.
- Rockit, downtown Toronto, near Yonge & Bloor.
- Jaguar (Fridays & Sundays), downtown Toronto, near Yonge & Bloor.
- Vertigo, near Dufferin & Finch.
- Cutty's Hideaway in Scarborough, 538 Danforth Avenue, west of Carlaw.
- Crystal Palace, north-end of Toronto.
- Club Trinidad, downtown Toronto, around Church Avenue. A favorite hangout of many
Torontonians, this 2-floor establishment seems to be always featuring well-known calypso
artists.
---===
Q-11. Which Caribbean radio stations can I listen to while I'm in Toronto?
The Canadian Radio Television Commission (CRTC) has not yet allowed the establishment of a
dance/black radio station in Toronto, so the station of choice is an American station
(WBLK 93.7 FM) in Buffalo, New York.
Another good choice would be a station based in St. Catherines, Ontario, at 107.9 on your
FM dial. They offer a reggae/calypso show on Saturday afternoons.
There is a student-run radio station (CKNL 88.1 FM) based at Ryerson Polytechnical
Institute. They are mandated to follow an alternative format so they do cater to a
variety of different cultures.
Finally, another station of unknown origin has been discovered (105.?? FM) which also
caters to a variety of musical tastes. They offer a reggae/calypso program, usually on
Sunday evenings. The signal is fairly weak in Toronto, however.
---===
Q-12. How can I get more information about this wonderful event?
I suggest, when you get to Toronto, pick up a copy of "Share" to find out what is
available. Share is a West Indian community newspaper that is distributed free and is
available many places throughout Metro.
Official Contacts:
Caribbean Cultural Committee
171 Carlton Street, Suite 200
Toronto, Ontario M5A 2K3
(416) 925-5435
FAX (416) 925-1108
Or feel free to contact any of:
Toronto Tourist Bureau/Board of Trade
page 26

VOLUME ONE

<address unknown>
(416) 366-6811
Afro-Caribbean Students' Association
44 St. George Street
Toronto, Ontario
M5S 2E4
Indo-Caribbean Students' Association
University of Toronto
12 Hart House Circle
Toronto, Ontario
M5S 1A1
Caribbean Student Associations (e-mail contacts):
SCA@biology.watstar.uwaterloo.ca
Sandra M. <sosc1055@reader.yorku.ca>
<more of these would be appreciated>
---===
Q-13. I'm too far away for Caribana -- do you know of any similar events?
The most famous event that is similar to Caribana (and in fact, Caribana is *based* on
this event) is called "Carnival" and is held annually in Trinidad, around the time of Ash
Wednesday.
Montreal has an event called "Carifete" which is similar to Caribana.
month of June(?), and ... [further information would be appreciated].
This section could benefit from some further information.

It is held in the

:-)

---===
Q-14. Any "Quotable Quotes" from past attendees you want to share?
"For anyone stuck in Canada and unable to get any `regular' cultural stuff, (as compared
to New York City, for example), this is the *wildest* time one can have." - Gerry George
"Must-see include the Brazillian float - Oh Gawd!!!!" - [ Unknown :-( ]
"Last year's Caribana was almost Trini style, of course there was the Canadian
conservatism and no whining and GRINDING." - Ian Murray
"Between the various concerts, picnics, dances and parades there was music everywhere." <richards@sco.COM>
If you have something to say about Caribana send it to the FAQ maintainer (currently
<frampton@vicuna.ocunix.on.ca>) and it will be considered for inclusion herein.
---===
Q-15. Who contributed to this FAQ document?
This document would not have been possible without the generous and informative
contributions made by the following people:
Calvin Henry-Cotnam <cal@ee.ryerson.ca>
Tricia "Trish-E" Graham <TRISHE@vms.cis.pitt.edu>
Evelyn Walker <ewalker@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>
George Chow <george@ucs.ubc.ca>
Ian Murray <murrayian@phibred.com>
richards@sco.COM
Gerry George <ggeorge@acs.bu.edu>
Patrice A. Simon <simon@acsu.buffalo.edu>
... apologies to anyone I forgot to mention ...
Mr. Henry-Cotnam stands out among the others, because not only did he provide an enormous
amount of information for this document, he has also served on the Caribana Cultural
Committee in past years and has volunteered much of his time, helping to make Caribana a
reality.
Ms. Graham also holds an honoured place in the above list, because she provided a great
deal of first-hand experience about Caribana as well as information about many notable
West Indian establishments in the Toronto area.
Finally, Ms. Walker must be thanked for doing the legwork of finding out accomodation
information in Toronto and surrounding areas.
---===

page 27

VOLUME ONE

Q-16. In the perspicacious words of Janet Jackson, "Is that the end?"
Yes it is.

Thank you for reading.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[12.] Can anyone give me some info on the rasta culture?
Rastafarians
{rah-stuh-far'-ee-uhnz}
Rastafarians are members of a Jamaican messianic movement dating back
to the 1930s; in 1974 they were estimated to number 20,000 in Jamaica.
According to Rastafarian belief the only true God is the late Ethiopian
emperor HAILE SELASSIE (originally known as Ras Tafari), and Ethiopia is
the true Zion. Rastafarians claim that white Christian preachers and
missionaries have perverted the Scriptures to conceal the fact that Adam
and Jesus were black. Their rituals include the use of marijuana and the
chanting of revivalist hymns. REGGAE music is the popular music of the
movement. The Rastafarians, who stress black separatism, have exercised
some political influence in Jamaica.
Bibliography:
Barrett, Leonard E., The Rastafarians: Sounds of Cultural Dissonance
(1977); Sparrow, Bill, and Nicholas, Tracy, Rastafari: A Way of Life
(1979).
"In the beginning Jah created heaven and earth".
This is what the the Bible says. Jah is the creator, Jah is God. Jah, Jahova, Jehova,
Jahve are just different spelling of the name of God.
In the beginning of this century, a man called Marcus Mosiah Garvey from Jamaica said
"Look to Africa, where a black king shall be crowned". A little after that, Ras Tafari
Makonnen was crowned, and became the Emperor of Ethiopa, His Imperial Majesty Haile
Selassie I, King of Kings, Lord of Lords, conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah, Elect of
God.
Marcus Garvey started an organization with the aim to help black people in Babylon (the
West World) cross river Jordan (the Atlantic Ocean) and go back to Zion (which is not
Israel, but all of Africa, especially Ethiopia). People in Jamaica followed Marcus the
prophet. This was the beginning of the Rasta movement. Rasta is of course short for Ras
Tafari, the name of Haile Selassie.
There is more to say, and I'm sure many others will add to and correct what I have
written.
Jah Love
Bo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[13.] Could anyone out there suggest to me any albums which combine reggae and jazz?
From: dudley@treefort.Corp.Sun.COM (dudley)
Just about every jazz/hip-hop fusion album has a couple of reggae numbers.
Arrested Development, or Dream Warriors.

Check out Us3,

Of course, if you aren't into get-down funky groovin' dance music, you probably won't like
the rest of the stuff on the albums.
dudley
--------------------From: mikey@monkfish.nosc.mil (Mikey I)
I would suggest some Dean Fraser, in particular "Taking Chances".
Along these lines, there is an interesting snippet in the current issue of The Beat
about a sax player named Arturo Tappin and an album called "Strictly Roots Jazz". Anybody
heard it?
--------------------

EZ Noh,

mike

From: ckhan@bbn.com (Chico Khan)
I'd recommend Jamaican pianist Monty Alexander.
Circle".

page 28

Check out his Chesky release "Caribbean
VOLUME ONE

Chico.
-------------------From: Kofi Apeagyei-Wiredu <ka27+@andrew.cmu.edu>
John P. Stevenson@coral.
try rico rodriguez.
-------------------From: ibsenj@govonca.gov.on.ca (Jeff Ibsen)
I'm a big fan of a hitherto neglected sub-genre of reggae that
I call "instrumental reggae" This type of reggae generally is very
horn-heavy and contains lots of solos. It is frequently also heavily
dubbed, and often the 'straight' and dubbed versions of songs are
both included on the same album. Some examples of albums which I
consider to belong to this category are:
Aggrovators Meet Revolutionaries: Side 1 is straight instrumental
stuff, lots of horn solos, side 2 has dub versions of the songs
on side 1
Fatman Riddim Section Meets Downtown Horns: A great album with
reggae versions of some well-known jazz standards.
The Workers Speak To Their Slave Masters With STRIKE!: The best
album title (and cover) in the known universe. I've never seen
another copy of this one but it has great tunes, with titles
like 'Better Working Conditions for Workers' and 'More Opportunity
for Workers' Children'! A Studio 16/Winston Edwards production,
all tracks played by the 'Well-Pack Band' Some tunes are dubbed
versions.
Count Ossie -:Tales of Mozambique: Not strictly instrumental,
but lotsa horns and good soloing.
Also, there is tons of early instrumental ska that contains
extended soloing - anything by the Skatalites - Tommy McCook,
Don Drummond, Roland Alphonso et. al. The jazz pianist George
Shearing considered the late Don Drummond one of the best
trombonists in the world.
Jeff Ibsen
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[14.] Caribbean Clubs FAQ
CARIBBEAN CLUBS - FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
Version 1.01 - Last updated March 25, 1994
Compiled by Steve Frampton <frampton@vicuna.ocunix.on.ca> with help from several
contributors (listed at the end of this document, section "S-06").
This document is copyright 1994 by Steve Frampton (on behalf of himself and all the
contributors) but is freely distributable to the benefit of lovers of Caribbean culture
world-wide.
---===
S-00.
S-01.
S-02.
S-03.
S-04.
S-05.
S-06.
S-07.
S-08.

Legal disclaimers and important information.
Caribbean restaurants in the United States and Canada.
Caribbean restaurants in other parts of the world.
Caribbean (music) clubs in the United States and Canada.
Caribbean (music) clubs in other parts of the world.
Notable future (next 6 months) live performances in clubs world-wide.
List of contributers to this FAQ document.
Where to send your club FAQ submissions to.
And so endeth this document.

---===
S-00. Legal disclaimers and important information.
Neither myself (Steve Frampton) nor any of the contributors (listed at the end of this
document) shall be held liable for any damages caused by the information (or misinformation, as the case may be) contained within this document, including but not limited
to, special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
It would not be possible to guarantee a 100% degree of accuracy for the establishments
listed herein. These clubs and restaurants are bound to move, shut down, change prices or
page 29
VOLUME ONE

hours, etc. without notice. A telephone call made first before paying a visit may prevent
considerable inconvenience and aggravation.
In short, USE THIS INFORMATION AT YOUR OWN RISK.
---===
S-01. Caribbean restaurants in the United States and Canada.
This section includes full restaurants which MAY or MAY NOT have clubs.
UNITED STATES:
"Caribee Dance Center" 14th & Webster Streets, Oakland, CA
Phone: (510) 835-4006
Features: Small cafe-type operation with all cooking done off-site is open Wed-Sat nights
with limited menu (curry goat, jerk chicken, escovitch fish, and Veggie Curry, etc.) Club
open Wednesday to Saturday, and sometimes on Sunday 9:00pm-1:00am, with reggae, dancehall,
and one salsa/latin night. Live bands occasionally. Alcohol available but club is
equally friendly towards non-drinkers with a wide variety of non-alcoholic beverages.
Cover: $5 Wed, $5-$8 Thu-Sat.
"Caribbean Experience"
2897 Bailey Avenue, Buffalo, NY
Phone: (716) 838-5131
Features: Great food, bar, dance floor, experience
"Dr Bird Inc"
842 Delevan Avenue, Buffalo, NY
Phone: (716) 892-7454
Features: Food, groceries (ie, not a club)
"Nagasaki's Restaurant & Nightclub"
276 Fulton Ave., Hempstead, NY
Phone: (516) 292-9200
Features: Restaurant daily, featuring West Indian and Asian dishes, reasonably priced,
good eating atmosphere. Weekends club featuring mainly dancehall, reggae and soca, with
some r&b, hip-hop, etc.,
Club Cover - Friday:
men free before 9pm, ladies free b/f 10pm
$5 until 12am, $10 after
- Saturday: $5 b/f midnight, $15 after
---===
S-02. Caribbean restaurants in other parts of the world.
This section includes full restaurants which MAY or MAY NOT have clubs.
Submissions would be appreciated.
---===
S-03. Caribbean (music) clubs in the United States and Canada.
This section includes full dance clubs, which MAY or MAY NOT serve
limited food items.
UNITED STATES:
"Alberto's"
736 W. Dana Street, Mountain View, CA
Phone: (415) 968-3007
Features: Dance club specializing in live dance music of all types; styles include Reggae,
Latin, Brazilian, Soca, Calypso, Tango, Cajun. Many shows include free dance lessons.
Cover: from $4 to $10.
"Western Front"
Western Ave. & Putnam St., Cambridge, MA
Phone: n/a
Features: Styles include reggae, calypso, soca, etc. Live performances most nights - gets
both local talent, regional bands, and sometimes bigger name musicians like Eeek-a-Mouse
and Mutaburuka. Friendly, laid back, nice atmosphere.
Cover: from $10 to $20
"Club Eclipse"
247 Fabyan Place, Newark, NJ
Phone: (201) 923-5869
Features: reggae, dancehall, a small amount of soca, etc.
Cover: $10
"Club Illusion"
103 Empire Boulevard, Brooklyn, NY
Phone: (718) 941-7220
Features: mostly Jamaican music, dancehall, reggae, etc. Very popular.
Cover: n/a

page 30

VOLUME ONE

'Reggae On The Internet: Volume 1'

'Reggae On The Internet: Volume 1'

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (9)

Destaque

Destaque (20)

Semelhante a 'Reggae On The Internet: Volume 1'

Semelhante a 'Reggae On The Internet: Volume 1' (20)

Mais de Grant Goddard

Mais de Grant Goddard (20)

Último

Último (20)

'Reggae On The Internet: Volume 1'