Presentation at ESPON Workshop, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009

1. Economy First: Regional Clusters Crossing Borders ESPON Workshop Luxembourg, 5 November 2009Göran LindqvistCSC, Stockholm School of Economics

2. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 2

3. IVORY TOWER Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 3

4. www.clusterobservatory.eu Cluster Mapping Collaboration Platform Regional Framework Conditions Cluster Library Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 4

5. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 5

6. Co-location of industries Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 6

7. Local (not clustered) The ”cluster sector” represents about 1/3 of all employment About 65% of employment Cluster category 1 About 35%of employment Cluster category 2 Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 7

8. About 250 NUTS-2 regions About 500 industries, 38 cluster categories Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 8

9. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 9

15. Introduction of prioritised sectors (e.g. creative industries)Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 10

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18. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 13

19. Ind. A: 140 Ind. B: 130 Ind. C: 0 Ind. D: 110 Ind. E: 230 Ind. A: 120 Ind. B: 250 Ind. C: 80 Ind. D: 0 Ind. E: 0 Disproportionalitymeasures:Gini, Krugman, Theil, etc. Ind. A: 260 Ind. B: 310 Ind. C: 100 Ind. D: 190 Ind. E: 240 Agglomeration measures:Ripley’s K,“Lindqvist’s Q” Ind. A: 130 Ind. B: 110 Ind. C: 90 Ind. D: 0 Ind. E: 0 Regional totals vs. geo-coded data Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 14

20. Agglomeration and co-location Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 15

21. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 16

22. Rural Urban rural, dispersed urban, dispersed rural, concentrated urban, concentrated Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters” Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 17

23. Concentration: the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of the same industrymore than with firms in general Urbanisation: the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of any industrymore than firms in general do Clusters Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters” Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 18

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25. Agglomeration depends on the range Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 20

26. Concentrated The urban-rural shift swine farmers 1 km egg farmers meat wholesalers 1 km 5 km security brokers 1 km 25 km 1 km 1 km 125 km agricultural wholesalers non-life insurance Dispersed Rural Urban Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”

27. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 22

28. A flexible online cluster mapping tool User-defined regions Combine NUTS-2 Specialregions Baltic, Mediterranean, Danube Defaultregions mostly NUTS-2 User-defined sectors Combine NACE-4 Specialsectors Creative industries, eco, etc. Defaultsectorsabout 40 categories = allconcentrated industries Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 23

29. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 24

30. ? ! Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 25

31. Contact Göran Lindqvist, PhD Center for Strategy and Competitiveness Stocholm School of Economics www.sse.edu/csc goran.lindqvist@hhs.se +46 8 7369524 Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 26