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Drug Free Workplace Awareness Training
 Training supports your company’s Drug-
Free Workplace Program
 Programs help companies and workers
 Safer, healthier, more productive
 Employees learn facts about alcohol
 Course deals with alcohol and drug abuse
 Most harmful drug in workplace and in our
communities
 Course provides facts and dispels myths
 Help you make smarter decisions
When you complete this course, you’ll be able
to discuss with co-workers, friends, and
family:
 How alcohol misuse affects all of us
 Common misconceptions about alcohol
 Important facts about drinking
 Alcoholic drinks basically contain:
◦ Ethanol, a form of alcohol
◦ Flavorings of different kinds
◦ Water
 Alcohol, or ethanol, is a drug
 Misuse damages the body and brain
 Alcohol is also addictive
 Seems like a stimulant
◦ But really a sedative
 Impairs reasoning, judgment, memory
 Alcohol poisoning can kill
 Drinking is legal and common for adults
 Don’t always recognize problems
 Alcohol is nation’s top drug problem
 Affects everyone – even non-drinkers
◦ About 43% if US adults have (or had) a family
member with a drinking problem
 Costs Americans about $185B annually
 Medical care and treatment
◦ Accidents, deaths
 Ultimately, we all pay the price
◦ Higher taxes, insurance premiums
◦ Public safety risks
◦ Stress in workplaces and families
 Alcohol is third leading cause of preventable
death in the US
◦ Over 100,000 each year
 Of people admitted to hospitals, ¼ have
alcohol problems or are being treated for
consequences of undiagnosed alcohol
dependence
 Traffic accidents leading cause of accidental
deaths in the US
 41% of traffic deaths involve alcohol
 People with alcohol dependence are FIVE
times more likely to die in a traffic accident
 In a national survey, more than 60% of
adults knew people who had gone to work
under the influence of drugs or alcohol
 47% of work injuries and up to 40% of
workplace fatalities involve alcohol
Drug Free Workplace Awareness Training
 The body doesn’t process alcohol like food
 Food is broken down by digestion
 But alcohol is not food
◦ Enters bloodstream unchanged like a sponge
soaking up water
 Alcohol absorption starts immediately
◦ Mouth, throat, stomach
 The small intestine absorbs most of the
alcohol
◦ Alcohol passes into bloodstream
 Eating slows down absorption, but it won’t
keep you sober
 It’s how much, how fast you drink
 Liver turns alcohol into waste
◦ Only ½ ounce per hour
 First hour doesn’t count
◦ Time for alcohol to reach liver
 When you get drunk
◦ More alcohol than liver can remove
 Reason drinking fast is risky
 There are no shortcuts to getting sober
◦ Not coffee, exercise, cold shower
 Time is the only remedy
 Liver removes alcohol from blood
 You’ve seen how alcohol misuse affects all
 Dispelled common misconceptions
 Learned important facts
 Can keep workplace, community safer
 Could save a life
Drug Free Workplace Awareness Training
 Illegal drug use risks your health and safety
 Against your company's policy
◦ Lose your job and benefits
◦ Land in court or jail
 You feel the impact, even if you don't use
◦ Higher taxes
◦ more crime
 Someone you know likely has a problem
◦ Whether you realize it or not
 When you finish you'll be able to identify
the major drugs of abuse and explain why
they are misused.
 Major types of drugs of abuse
◦ Stimulants, or “uppers”
◦ Depressants, or “downers”
◦ Mixed effects (“all-arounders”)
 You see it everywhere
◦ News reports, articles about drugs
◦ Ads on radio and TV
 Maybe you don't pay much attention
◦ Happens to someone else
 Drug problem affects all of us
◦ Even if you don't use drugs
 Drugs raise education costs 10 percent or
$40 billion each year
◦ Class disruption
◦ Violence
◦ Special education
◦ Tutoring
◦ Property damage
◦ Injury
◦ Counseling
 Drugs make roads less safe
◦ Almost 11 million report driving Under influence
of illegal drug within past year
 Drugs fuel crime
◦ Over half adult male arrestees in 36 U.S. cities
tested positive for drugs
 Many kids use illegal drugs
 Among high school graduates
◦ 48 percent used marijuana
◦ 30 percent used another illegal drug
 What are these drugs of abuse?
 Why are they so attractive?
 Three classes of frequently abused drugs
◦ Stimulants, or “uppers”
◦ Depressants, or “downers”
◦ Mixed effects (“all-arounders”)
 Each has different effects on mind, body
 Stimulants are called "uppers"
 Energize body's central nervous system
◦ Make people feel alert, awake
◦ Speed up heart rate and breathing
◦ Raise body temperature
 Depressants called "downers"
 Depress body's central nervous system
◦ Feel sluggish
◦ Reduce coordination
◦ Slow down
 Heart rate
 Breathing
 Other vital signs
 Some drugs have mixed central nervous
system effects
 Also called “all-arounders”
 Have different effects
◦ Some cause hallucinations
◦ Others raise your heart rate
 While slowing down thinking
 Reducing coordination
 Some from plants
 Some are "synthetic"
 Different intoxicating effects and health
risks
 Effects vary with dosage and route of
administration
 In general, the more you take the more
intoxicated you get
 Some ways of taking drugs produce more
rapid, intense effects
◦ Smoking or injection vs. swallowing pills
 Many drugs of abuse are highly addictive
 Effects are not predictable
◦ Same drug can affect different people in different
ways
◦ Same drug can affect one person differently at
different times
 Effects different when combined
◦ Combinations can be more risky
◦ Unintended, unexpected consequences
 Common Uses
◦ Reduce fatigue
◦ Speed up metabolism
 Reasons for abuse
◦ To stay awake
◦ Lose weight
◦ Exhilarating "high"
 Despite unpleasant "crash"
 Some stimulants relatively mild
 Stronger stimulants used illegally
 Serious short- and long-term health risks
 Most widely used stimulant
 Found in coffee beans and other plants
 Usually mild feelings of alertness
◦ A lot can cause nervousness, insomnia,
dependence
 Average U.S. coffee drinker has 1,000
cups/year
 Also found in
◦ Other beverages
◦ Chocolates
◦ Non-prescription medications
 Found in tobacco products
 Second most widely used stimulant
◦ 30% of Americans 12 and older
 Largest cause of preventable U.S. deaths
◦ 400,000 each year
◦ One in every five deaths
 More than combined deaths from:
◦ Alcohol and all other drugs
◦ Car crashes, murders, suicides, fires, etc.
 Very addictive
 35 million Americans each year seriously try
to quit
◦ Fewer than 7 percent who try on their own stop
for more than a year
◦ Most relapse within a few days
 Smoking increases risks of:
◦ Strokes
◦ Heart attacks
◦ Other heart diseases
 Nicotine replacements do not increase risk
 Nicotine doses are:
◦ Slower and lower
◦ Without toxins found in tobacco smoke
 Powerful, highly addictive stimulants
 Usually taken orally
◦ Injected by "speed freaks"
◦ Potent form, "ice," is smoked
 60's abuse led to tighter controls
 Psychosis-like symptoms can occur with
chronic use
 Amphetamines are used in medicine
◦ Treat obesity, narcolepsy
 Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
◦ Treatment of ADHD (Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder)
 Increased abuse potential among kids
 "Street" meth diverted from legal use
◦ Or made in secret labs
 Meth labs” spring up quickly
◦ Homes, hotel rooms
◦ Shacks in the woods
 Nightmare for law enforcement
 Labs can explode, burn
◦ Extensive environmental damage
 Made from leaves of coca tree
◦ Columbia, other S. American countries
 Most powerful stimulant found in nature
 Second most used illicit drug in U.S.
◦ 14 percent over age 12 have tried
 Usually a white powder, sniffed
 Crack is very potent, smokeable
◦ Looks like off-white slivers of soap
 Crack considered relatively cheap high
◦ Dose typically $10 to $20
 One reason dealers target kids
 Large percentage of high-schoolers
◦ Say it's easy to get
 Cocaine, crack both highly addictive
 Research shows crack may be more so
◦ Since it is smoked
 Almost immediate, very intense “high”
 Cocaine high only lasts for minutes
◦ Not hours like amphetamines
 Overdose can lead to
◦ Seizures, breathing/heart failure, stroke, death
 No antidote
 "Downers" slow down body's central
nervous system
 Some, like alcohol, are legal
◦ Medicines for sleep, anxiety, pain
 Others (heroin) have no medical uses
 All have short/long-term health risks
◦ Many highly addictive
◦ Overdosing on some can kill
 Sedatives, tranquilizers
◦ Prescribed for stress, anxiety, convulsions
◦ Hypnotics treat insomnia
 Made legally in laboratories
◦ Diverted for illegal sale
 Many are addictive
◦ Withdrawal can be life threatening
 Overdosing on some can be fatal
 Widely prescribed in early 1900's
◦ Until addiction risk became clear
◦ Only handful still prescribed
 Abused for "high", like alcohol
◦ Reduce coordination, alertness
◦ Driving hazardous, even next day
 Seconal, Nembutal, Tuinal
 Mixing with alcohol dangerous
 Overdose can be fatal
 Developed in 60's to replace barbiturates
◦ One of most widely prescribed meds
 Large doses not usually fatal
◦ Unless mixed: alcohol, cocaine, heroin
 Prolonged use can cause dependence
 Abused by adolescents, young adults
◦ Reduces inhibitions, impairs judgment
 Three other widely abused depressants
◦ GHB (gamma hydroxy butyric acid)
◦ Rohypnol (flunitrazepam)
◦ Quaalude (methaqualone)
 Also called narcotics
 Family of powerful, addictive drugs
 "Natural opiates" from poppy plants
◦ "Synthetic opiates" made in labs
 Morphine, codeine have medical uses
◦ Control diarrhea, suppress coughing
◦ Most effective painkillers
 Heroine, others have no medical uses
◦ Highly addictive, frequently abused
 Morphine is a natural opiate
 Highly effective for pain relief
◦ Especially during surgery
 Abusers commonly inject it
 Tolerance, dependence develop rapidly
 Heroin produced from morphine
 Most widely abused, rapidly acting opiate
 Highly addictive
 No medical use
 Codeine is a natural opiate
 Opiate most widely used in medicine
 Relieves moderate pain
◦ Mixed with aspirin, Tylenol
◦ Used in prescription cough syrups
 Oxycodone similar to codeine
◦ But more potent
 Mixed with acetaminophen for Percocet
◦ With aspirin for Percodan
 Rapid recent increase in abuse
 Products with breathable chemical vapors
 1,000s of common home, workplace
products
 Intoxicating effects similar to alcohol
◦ Short but intense "high"
◦ Distorts perceptions of time, space
◦ Loss of inhibition
◦ Slurred speech, loss of coordination
 Common industrial, household products
◦ Art and office products
 Examples
◦ Correction/felt-tip-marker fluid
◦ Nail polish remover
◦ Lighter fluid, gasoline
◦ Paint and paint thinner
◦ Rubber glue, waxes, varnishes
◦ Degreasers and cleaning fluids
 Products with gases used as inhalants
◦ Butane lighters, propane tanks
◦ Whipping cream dispensers
◦ Refrigerant gases
◦ Spray paints
◦ Hair and deodorant sprays
◦ Fabric protector sprays
 Simple to get
◦ Cheap, legal
◦ Easy to hide
 Often first substance kids abuse
 Hard for parents, supervisors to detect
 Inhalants are sniffed, huffed, bagged
 Huffing soak rags, hold to face
 Bagging concentrate vapors in paper bag
 Some people put on hands, fingernails
◦ Shirtsleeves, wristbands
◦ For repeated use
 Among junior, senior high students
◦ 15-20 percent have tried
 Highest use among 10-12 year-olds
 Few people abuse for long periods
 Lower breathing and blood pressure
 Users can lose consciousness and die
◦ Heart failure or suffocation
 Long term use can cause
◦ Kidney abnormalities
◦ Impaired memory
◦ Attention deficits
◦ Hearing loss
◦ Brain, liver, bone marrow damage
 Uppers stimulate central nervous system
 Downers depress central nervous system
 "All-arounders"
◦ Have diverse, mixed effects
 Three types:
 Cannabinoids, including marijuana
 Hallucinogens, or psychedelics
 Steroids
 Includes marijuana, hashish, hash oil
 From Cannabis sativa plant
 Smoked or eaten in foods
 Pot, grass, reefer, weed, sensimilla
 Marijuana is controversial
◦ There is lots of misinformation
 Marijuana now 2-3 times stronger than in
the 1960’s and 70’s
 Marijuana users can become dependent
 Long-term use causes:
◦ Respiratory diseases
◦ Possibly thinking impairments
 Some states have medical marijuana laws
◦ U.S. FDA hasn't approved medical uses
 U.S. law supersedes state law
 Found in many plants and fungi
◦ Such as mushrooms
 More powerful ones created in labs
◦ Like LSD
 Alters perceptions, thoughts, moods
 Abusers sometimes die from overdose
 Greatest risk is impaired judgment
◦ Leading to accidents, injuries
 Don't always produce hallucinations
 Increase heart rate, blood pressure
◦ Dilate pupils
 Distort perceptions of time, space
◦ Time may seem to stand still
 Forms, colors change
 Seem to take on new meanings
 Effects are unpredictable
◦ Pleasurable or terrifying
◦ Users can experience flashbacks
 LSD is the strongest hallucinogen
 Dose the size of a few grains of salt
◦ Produces intense effects
 Sold in several forms
◦ Soaked paper (blotter acid)
◦ Tablets (microdots)
◦ Thin gelatin squares (window pane)
 A “trip” lasts 10-12 hours
 PCP (Phencyclidine)
 Ketamine (Special or Super K)
 Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)
 Mescaline (Peyote Buttons)
 Ectasy
 Chemically like male hormone testosterone
 Effects more physical, less psychological
 Illegal use for muscle growth, endurance
◦ Increasingly younger male athletes
◦ Weight-lifting, cycling, track and field
◦ Jobs requiring physical strength
 Disturbing side effects
 Raised blood pressure, cholesterol
 Severe acne, premature balding
 Reduced sexual function
 Long-term damage to heart, liver
 You should now be familiar with major
drugs of abuse
 Harmful short-/long-term effects

 Drug abuse affects all of us

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Drug Free Workplace Awareness Training

  • 2.  Training supports your company’s Drug- Free Workplace Program  Programs help companies and workers  Safer, healthier, more productive  Employees learn facts about alcohol
  • 3.  Course deals with alcohol and drug abuse  Most harmful drug in workplace and in our communities  Course provides facts and dispels myths  Help you make smarter decisions
  • 4. When you complete this course, you’ll be able to discuss with co-workers, friends, and family:  How alcohol misuse affects all of us  Common misconceptions about alcohol  Important facts about drinking
  • 5.  Alcoholic drinks basically contain: ◦ Ethanol, a form of alcohol ◦ Flavorings of different kinds ◦ Water
  • 6.  Alcohol, or ethanol, is a drug  Misuse damages the body and brain  Alcohol is also addictive  Seems like a stimulant ◦ But really a sedative  Impairs reasoning, judgment, memory  Alcohol poisoning can kill
  • 7.  Drinking is legal and common for adults  Don’t always recognize problems  Alcohol is nation’s top drug problem  Affects everyone – even non-drinkers ◦ About 43% if US adults have (or had) a family member with a drinking problem
  • 8.  Costs Americans about $185B annually  Medical care and treatment ◦ Accidents, deaths  Ultimately, we all pay the price ◦ Higher taxes, insurance premiums ◦ Public safety risks ◦ Stress in workplaces and families
  • 9.  Alcohol is third leading cause of preventable death in the US ◦ Over 100,000 each year  Of people admitted to hospitals, ¼ have alcohol problems or are being treated for consequences of undiagnosed alcohol dependence
  • 10.  Traffic accidents leading cause of accidental deaths in the US  41% of traffic deaths involve alcohol  People with alcohol dependence are FIVE times more likely to die in a traffic accident
  • 11.  In a national survey, more than 60% of adults knew people who had gone to work under the influence of drugs or alcohol  47% of work injuries and up to 40% of workplace fatalities involve alcohol
  • 13.  The body doesn’t process alcohol like food  Food is broken down by digestion  But alcohol is not food ◦ Enters bloodstream unchanged like a sponge soaking up water
  • 14.  Alcohol absorption starts immediately ◦ Mouth, throat, stomach  The small intestine absorbs most of the alcohol ◦ Alcohol passes into bloodstream  Eating slows down absorption, but it won’t keep you sober  It’s how much, how fast you drink
  • 15.  Liver turns alcohol into waste ◦ Only ½ ounce per hour  First hour doesn’t count ◦ Time for alcohol to reach liver  When you get drunk ◦ More alcohol than liver can remove  Reason drinking fast is risky
  • 16.  There are no shortcuts to getting sober ◦ Not coffee, exercise, cold shower  Time is the only remedy  Liver removes alcohol from blood
  • 17.  You’ve seen how alcohol misuse affects all  Dispelled common misconceptions  Learned important facts  Can keep workplace, community safer  Could save a life
  • 19.  Illegal drug use risks your health and safety  Against your company's policy ◦ Lose your job and benefits ◦ Land in court or jail  You feel the impact, even if you don't use ◦ Higher taxes ◦ more crime  Someone you know likely has a problem ◦ Whether you realize it or not
  • 20.  When you finish you'll be able to identify the major drugs of abuse and explain why they are misused.  Major types of drugs of abuse ◦ Stimulants, or “uppers” ◦ Depressants, or “downers” ◦ Mixed effects (“all-arounders”)
  • 21.  You see it everywhere ◦ News reports, articles about drugs ◦ Ads on radio and TV  Maybe you don't pay much attention ◦ Happens to someone else  Drug problem affects all of us ◦ Even if you don't use drugs
  • 22.  Drugs raise education costs 10 percent or $40 billion each year ◦ Class disruption ◦ Violence ◦ Special education ◦ Tutoring ◦ Property damage ◦ Injury ◦ Counseling
  • 23.  Drugs make roads less safe ◦ Almost 11 million report driving Under influence of illegal drug within past year
  • 24.  Drugs fuel crime ◦ Over half adult male arrestees in 36 U.S. cities tested positive for drugs
  • 25.  Many kids use illegal drugs  Among high school graduates ◦ 48 percent used marijuana ◦ 30 percent used another illegal drug
  • 26.  What are these drugs of abuse?  Why are they so attractive?
  • 27.  Three classes of frequently abused drugs ◦ Stimulants, or “uppers” ◦ Depressants, or “downers” ◦ Mixed effects (“all-arounders”)  Each has different effects on mind, body
  • 28.  Stimulants are called "uppers"  Energize body's central nervous system ◦ Make people feel alert, awake ◦ Speed up heart rate and breathing ◦ Raise body temperature
  • 29.  Depressants called "downers"  Depress body's central nervous system ◦ Feel sluggish ◦ Reduce coordination ◦ Slow down  Heart rate  Breathing  Other vital signs
  • 30.  Some drugs have mixed central nervous system effects  Also called “all-arounders”  Have different effects ◦ Some cause hallucinations ◦ Others raise your heart rate  While slowing down thinking  Reducing coordination
  • 31.  Some from plants  Some are "synthetic"  Different intoxicating effects and health risks
  • 32.  Effects vary with dosage and route of administration  In general, the more you take the more intoxicated you get  Some ways of taking drugs produce more rapid, intense effects ◦ Smoking or injection vs. swallowing pills
  • 33.  Many drugs of abuse are highly addictive  Effects are not predictable ◦ Same drug can affect different people in different ways ◦ Same drug can affect one person differently at different times  Effects different when combined ◦ Combinations can be more risky ◦ Unintended, unexpected consequences
  • 34.  Common Uses ◦ Reduce fatigue ◦ Speed up metabolism  Reasons for abuse ◦ To stay awake ◦ Lose weight ◦ Exhilarating "high"  Despite unpleasant "crash"  Some stimulants relatively mild  Stronger stimulants used illegally  Serious short- and long-term health risks
  • 35.  Most widely used stimulant  Found in coffee beans and other plants  Usually mild feelings of alertness ◦ A lot can cause nervousness, insomnia, dependence  Average U.S. coffee drinker has 1,000 cups/year  Also found in ◦ Other beverages ◦ Chocolates ◦ Non-prescription medications
  • 36.  Found in tobacco products  Second most widely used stimulant ◦ 30% of Americans 12 and older  Largest cause of preventable U.S. deaths ◦ 400,000 each year ◦ One in every five deaths  More than combined deaths from: ◦ Alcohol and all other drugs ◦ Car crashes, murders, suicides, fires, etc.
  • 37.  Very addictive  35 million Americans each year seriously try to quit ◦ Fewer than 7 percent who try on their own stop for more than a year ◦ Most relapse within a few days
  • 38.  Smoking increases risks of: ◦ Strokes ◦ Heart attacks ◦ Other heart diseases  Nicotine replacements do not increase risk  Nicotine doses are: ◦ Slower and lower ◦ Without toxins found in tobacco smoke
  • 39.  Powerful, highly addictive stimulants  Usually taken orally ◦ Injected by "speed freaks" ◦ Potent form, "ice," is smoked  60's abuse led to tighter controls  Psychosis-like symptoms can occur with chronic use
  • 40.  Amphetamines are used in medicine ◦ Treat obesity, narcolepsy  Methylphenidate (Ritalin) ◦ Treatment of ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)  Increased abuse potential among kids
  • 41.  "Street" meth diverted from legal use ◦ Or made in secret labs  Meth labs” spring up quickly ◦ Homes, hotel rooms ◦ Shacks in the woods  Nightmare for law enforcement  Labs can explode, burn ◦ Extensive environmental damage
  • 42.  Made from leaves of coca tree ◦ Columbia, other S. American countries  Most powerful stimulant found in nature  Second most used illicit drug in U.S. ◦ 14 percent over age 12 have tried  Usually a white powder, sniffed  Crack is very potent, smokeable ◦ Looks like off-white slivers of soap
  • 43.  Crack considered relatively cheap high ◦ Dose typically $10 to $20  One reason dealers target kids  Large percentage of high-schoolers ◦ Say it's easy to get
  • 44.  Cocaine, crack both highly addictive  Research shows crack may be more so ◦ Since it is smoked  Almost immediate, very intense “high”  Cocaine high only lasts for minutes ◦ Not hours like amphetamines  Overdose can lead to ◦ Seizures, breathing/heart failure, stroke, death  No antidote
  • 45.  "Downers" slow down body's central nervous system  Some, like alcohol, are legal ◦ Medicines for sleep, anxiety, pain  Others (heroin) have no medical uses  All have short/long-term health risks ◦ Many highly addictive ◦ Overdosing on some can kill
  • 46.  Sedatives, tranquilizers ◦ Prescribed for stress, anxiety, convulsions ◦ Hypnotics treat insomnia  Made legally in laboratories ◦ Diverted for illegal sale  Many are addictive ◦ Withdrawal can be life threatening  Overdosing on some can be fatal
  • 47.  Widely prescribed in early 1900's ◦ Until addiction risk became clear ◦ Only handful still prescribed  Abused for "high", like alcohol ◦ Reduce coordination, alertness ◦ Driving hazardous, even next day  Seconal, Nembutal, Tuinal  Mixing with alcohol dangerous  Overdose can be fatal
  • 48.  Developed in 60's to replace barbiturates ◦ One of most widely prescribed meds  Large doses not usually fatal ◦ Unless mixed: alcohol, cocaine, heroin  Prolonged use can cause dependence  Abused by adolescents, young adults ◦ Reduces inhibitions, impairs judgment
  • 49.  Three other widely abused depressants ◦ GHB (gamma hydroxy butyric acid) ◦ Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) ◦ Quaalude (methaqualone)
  • 50.  Also called narcotics  Family of powerful, addictive drugs  "Natural opiates" from poppy plants ◦ "Synthetic opiates" made in labs  Morphine, codeine have medical uses ◦ Control diarrhea, suppress coughing ◦ Most effective painkillers  Heroine, others have no medical uses ◦ Highly addictive, frequently abused
  • 51.  Morphine is a natural opiate  Highly effective for pain relief ◦ Especially during surgery  Abusers commonly inject it  Tolerance, dependence develop rapidly
  • 52.  Heroin produced from morphine  Most widely abused, rapidly acting opiate  Highly addictive  No medical use
  • 53.  Codeine is a natural opiate  Opiate most widely used in medicine  Relieves moderate pain ◦ Mixed with aspirin, Tylenol ◦ Used in prescription cough syrups
  • 54.  Oxycodone similar to codeine ◦ But more potent  Mixed with acetaminophen for Percocet ◦ With aspirin for Percodan  Rapid recent increase in abuse
  • 55.  Products with breathable chemical vapors  1,000s of common home, workplace products  Intoxicating effects similar to alcohol ◦ Short but intense "high" ◦ Distorts perceptions of time, space ◦ Loss of inhibition ◦ Slurred speech, loss of coordination
  • 56.  Common industrial, household products ◦ Art and office products  Examples ◦ Correction/felt-tip-marker fluid ◦ Nail polish remover ◦ Lighter fluid, gasoline ◦ Paint and paint thinner ◦ Rubber glue, waxes, varnishes ◦ Degreasers and cleaning fluids
  • 57.  Products with gases used as inhalants ◦ Butane lighters, propane tanks ◦ Whipping cream dispensers ◦ Refrigerant gases ◦ Spray paints ◦ Hair and deodorant sprays ◦ Fabric protector sprays
  • 58.  Simple to get ◦ Cheap, legal ◦ Easy to hide  Often first substance kids abuse  Hard for parents, supervisors to detect
  • 59.  Inhalants are sniffed, huffed, bagged  Huffing soak rags, hold to face  Bagging concentrate vapors in paper bag  Some people put on hands, fingernails ◦ Shirtsleeves, wristbands ◦ For repeated use
  • 60.  Among junior, senior high students ◦ 15-20 percent have tried  Highest use among 10-12 year-olds  Few people abuse for long periods
  • 61.  Lower breathing and blood pressure  Users can lose consciousness and die ◦ Heart failure or suffocation  Long term use can cause ◦ Kidney abnormalities ◦ Impaired memory ◦ Attention deficits ◦ Hearing loss ◦ Brain, liver, bone marrow damage
  • 62.  Uppers stimulate central nervous system  Downers depress central nervous system  "All-arounders" ◦ Have diverse, mixed effects  Three types:  Cannabinoids, including marijuana  Hallucinogens, or psychedelics  Steroids
  • 63.  Includes marijuana, hashish, hash oil  From Cannabis sativa plant  Smoked or eaten in foods  Pot, grass, reefer, weed, sensimilla  Marijuana is controversial ◦ There is lots of misinformation
  • 64.  Marijuana now 2-3 times stronger than in the 1960’s and 70’s  Marijuana users can become dependent  Long-term use causes: ◦ Respiratory diseases ◦ Possibly thinking impairments  Some states have medical marijuana laws ◦ U.S. FDA hasn't approved medical uses  U.S. law supersedes state law
  • 65.  Found in many plants and fungi ◦ Such as mushrooms  More powerful ones created in labs ◦ Like LSD  Alters perceptions, thoughts, moods  Abusers sometimes die from overdose  Greatest risk is impaired judgment ◦ Leading to accidents, injuries
  • 66.  Don't always produce hallucinations  Increase heart rate, blood pressure ◦ Dilate pupils  Distort perceptions of time, space ◦ Time may seem to stand still  Forms, colors change  Seem to take on new meanings  Effects are unpredictable ◦ Pleasurable or terrifying ◦ Users can experience flashbacks
  • 67.  LSD is the strongest hallucinogen  Dose the size of a few grains of salt ◦ Produces intense effects  Sold in several forms ◦ Soaked paper (blotter acid) ◦ Tablets (microdots) ◦ Thin gelatin squares (window pane)  A “trip” lasts 10-12 hours
  • 68.  PCP (Phencyclidine)  Ketamine (Special or Super K)  Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)  Mescaline (Peyote Buttons)  Ectasy
  • 69.  Chemically like male hormone testosterone  Effects more physical, less psychological  Illegal use for muscle growth, endurance ◦ Increasingly younger male athletes ◦ Weight-lifting, cycling, track and field ◦ Jobs requiring physical strength  Disturbing side effects  Raised blood pressure, cholesterol  Severe acne, premature balding  Reduced sexual function  Long-term damage to heart, liver
  • 70.  You should now be familiar with major drugs of abuse  Harmful short-/long-term effects   Drug abuse affects all of us