This document contains 7 budgeting problems. Problem 1 requires preparing a production budget and summary production cost budget for 6 months. Problem 2 requires preparing a production budget (quantitative) and material purchase budget (quantitative). Problem 3 requires calculating a material purchases budget and wages budget. Problem 4 requires preparing a sales overhead budget for 3 months. Problem 5 requires preparing an estimate of cash position for 3 months. Problem 6 requires preparing a forecast statement to show the effect of a proposed price reduction. Problem 7 requires preparing flexible budgets for administration, selling, and distribution costs at different capacity levels.

1. Problem 1
The following information has been made available from records of Hindustan
Precision Tools Limited for the last 6 months of 2008 ( and of only the sales of
January 2009) in respect of product X.
1- The units to be sold in different months are:
July 1,100 November 2,500
August 1,100 December 2,300
September 1,700 January 2,000
October 1,900
There will be no work in process at the end of any month
Finished unit equal half of sales for the next month will be in stock at the end of every
month ( including June 2008)
Budgeted production and production cost for the year ending 31st December, 2008
are as follows:
Production (units) 22,000
Direct material cost per unit $10.00
Direct wages cost per unit $ 4.00
Total factory overhead apportion to product $88,000
It is required to prepare:
A production budget for each of the last six months of 2005, and
A summary production cost budget for the same period.
Problem 2
Nesley Ltd. Has prepared the following budget for the first five months of 2008
Sales budget (Units)
January 10,800
February 15,600
March 12,200
April 10,400
May 9,800
Inventory of finished goods at the end of every month is to be equal to 25% of
sales estimate for next month. On 1st
of January, 2008, there were 2,700 units of
product on hand. There is no work in process at the end of any month.
Every unit of product requires two types of materials in the following quantities:
Material A – 4Kg
Material B – 5Kg
Material equal to one-half of the requirement of next month’s production are to
be in hand at the end of very month. This requirement has met on 1st January, 2008:
Prepare: Production budget (quantitative)
Material purchase budget (Quantitative).

2. Problem 3
P. Ltd manufactures two products using one types of material and one grade
of labor. Shown below is an extract from the company’s working papers for the next
period’s budget:
Product A Product B
Budgeted Sales (units) 3,600 4,800
Budgeted material consumption per product (kg) 5 3
Budgeted material cost $12 per Kg
Standard hours allowed per product 5 4
Budgeted wage rate $8 per hour
Overtime premium is 50% and is payable, if a worker works for more than 40
hours a week. There are 90 direct workers.
The target productivity ratio (or efficiency ratio) for the productive hours
worked by the direct workers in actually manufacturing the product is 80%, in
addition, the non-productive down time is budgeted at 20% of the productive hours
worked.
There are twelve 5-day weeks in the budget period and it is anticipated that
sales and production will occur evenly throughout the whole period.
It is anticipated that stock at the beginning of the period will be:
Product A: 1,020 units, Product B: 2,400 units, Raw materials 4,300 Kgs
The target closing stock; expressed in terms of anticipated activity during the
budget period are:
Product A: 15 days sales; Product B: 20 days sales; Raw materials 10 days
consumption.
Required:
Calculate the material purchases budget and the wages budget for direct
worker showing the quantities and values, for the next period.

3. Problem 4
Prepare sales overhead budget for January, February, and March from the
estimate given below:
$
Advertisements 2,500
Salaries of sales department 5,000
Expenses of sales department 1,500
Counter salesmen’s salaries and allowance 6,000
Commission to counter salesmen at 2% on their sales.
Traveling salesmen’s commission at 15% on their sales and expense at 5%
on their sales.
The sales during the period were estimated as follows:
Month Counter Sales ($) Traveling sales ($)
January 80,000 10,000
February 120,000 15,000
March 140,000 20,000
Problem 5
A company expects to have $37,500 cash in hand on 1St
April 2008 and
requires you to prepare an estimate of cash position during the three months, April to
June, 2008. The following information is supplied to you:
Sales Purchase Wages Factory exp. Office exp. Selling exp
February 75,000 45,000 9,000 7,500 6,000 4,500
March 84,000 48,000 9,750 8,250 6,000 4,500
April 90,000 52,000 10,500 9,000 6,000 5,250
May 120,000 60,000 13,500 11,250 6,000 6,570
June 135,000 60,000 14,250 14,000 7,000 7,000
Other information:
1- Period of credit allowed by supplier is 2 months
2- 20% of Sales is for cash and period of credit allowed to customers for credit
sales is one month.
3- Delay in payment of all expenses- one month
4- Income tax of $57,500is due to be paid on June 15, 2008.
5- The company is to pay dividends and bonus to workers of $15,000 and
$22,500 respectively in the month of April.
6- Plant has been ordered to be received and paid in May. It will cost $120,000.

4. Problem 6
The profitability statement of AZ Co., Ltd has been summarized as follows:
$ $
Sales 1,500,000
Direct Materials 450,000
Direct wages 300,000
Variable overhead 120,000
Fixed Overhead 440,000 1,310,000
Profit 190,000
The budget capacity of the company is $2,000,000 but the key fact is sales
demand. It is proposed that in order to utilize the existing capacity the selling price of
this only product manufactured by the company should be reduced by 5%.
You are required to prepare a forecast statement which should show the effect
of proposed reduction in selling price and include any changes in costs expected
during the coming year. The following additional information is given:
1- Sales forecast $ 1,900,000 ( after reduction)
2- Direct material price are expected to increase by: 2%
3- Direct wages rate are expected to increase by 5% per unit
4- Variable overheads are expected to increase by 5% per unit
5- Fixed overheads will increase by $20,000.
Problem 7
A department of TOYOTA Company attains sales of $600,000 at 80% of its
normal capacity. Its expenses are given below:
$
Office salary 90,000
General expenses 2% of sales
Depreciation 7,500
Rent and rates 8,750
Selling cost:
Salaries 8% of sales
Traveling expenses 2% of sales
Sales office 1% of sales
General expenses 1% of sales
Distribution cost:
Wages 15,000
Rent 1% of sales
Other expenses 4% of sales
Draw up flexible Administration, Selling and distribution costs budget, operating at
90%, 100%, and 110% of normal capacity.

5. I- Good year Ltd. Produces and sells a single product. Sales budget for the
calendar year 2008 by quarter is as below:
Quarter number of units to be sold
I 12,000
II 15,000
III 16,500
IV 18,000
The year 2008 is expected to open with an inventory of 4,000 units o finished
product and closing inventory of 6,500 units.
Production is customarily scheduled to provide two-thirds of the current quarter’s
sales demand plus one-third of the following quarter’s demand. Thus production
anticipates sales volume by about one month.
Standard costs details for one unit of product is as follow:
Direct material 10Kg @ $0.5 per Kg
Direct labor 1 hour and 30 minutes @ $4 per hour
Variable overheads 1 hour and 30 minutes $ 1 per hour
Fixed overheads 1 hour and 30 minutes $ 2 per hour based on a budgeted
production volume of 90,000 direct labor hours for the year.
1- Prepare a production budget for 2008, by quarter, showing the number of
units to be produced, and the total cost of direct material, direct labor,
variable overheads and fixed overheads.
2- If the budgeted selling price per unit is $17, what would be the budgeted
profit for the year as a whole?
3- In which quarter of the year is the company expected to break even?
II- Prepare a cash budget for the three months ending 30th
June, 2008 from
the information given below:
Month Sales Material Wages overheads
February 14,000 9,600 3,000 1,700
March 15,000 9,000 3,000 1,900
April 16,000 9,200 3,200 2,000
May 17,000 10,000 3,600 2,200
June 18,000 10,000 4,000 2,300
a- credit terms are:
Sales/debtor-10% sales are on cash, 50% of credit sales are collected next
month and the balance in the following month.
Creditors: Materials 2 months
Wages ¼ month
Overheads ½ month
b- Cash and bank balance on 1st
April, 2008 is expected to be $6,000.
c- Other relevant information is:
- Plant and Machinery will be installed in February 2008 at a cost of
$96,000. The monthly installments of $2,000 is payable from April
onwards.
- Dividend @ 5% on preference share capital of $200,000 will be paid on
1st
June.
- Advance to be received for sales of vehicles $ 9,000 in June.
- Dividends from investments amounting to $1,000 are expected to be
received in June.
- Income tax (advance) to be paid in June is $ 2,000.

6. III- Based on the following information, prepare a cash budget for ABC Ltd.
1st
Qtr ($) 2nd
Qtr ($) 3rd
Qtr ($) 4th
Qtr ($)
Opening cash balance 10,000 - - -
Collection from customers 125,000 150,000 160,000 221,000
Payments:
Purchase materials 20,000 35,000 35,000 54,200
Other expenses 25,000 20,000 20,000 17,000
Salary and wages 90,000 95,000 95,000 109,200
Income Tax 5,000 - - -
Purchase of Machinery - - - 20,000
The Company decides to maintain a cash balance of $15,000 at the end of each
quarter. Cash can be borrowed or repaid in multiples of $5,000 at an interest of 10%
per annum. Management does not want to borrow cash more than what is necessary
and wants to repay as early as possible. In any event, loan can not be extended
beyond four quarters. Interest is computed and paid when the principal is repaid.
Assume that borrowings take place at the beginning and repayments are made at the
end of the quarter.
IV- A newly started company wishes to prepare cash budget from January.
Prepare a cash budget for the first six months from the following estimated
revenues and expenses:
Months Total sales Materials Wages Production Selling & Distribution
January 20,000 20,000 4,000 3,200 800
February 22,000 14,000 4,400 3,300 900
March 24,000 14,000 4,600 3,300 800
April 26,000 12,000 4,600 3,400 900
May 28,000 12,000 4,800 3,500 900
June 30,000 16,000 4,800 3,600 1,000
Cash balance on 1st
January was $100,000. A new machine to be installed at
cost $30,000 on credit and will be paid by two equal installments in March and April.
Sales commission @ 5% on total sales is to be paid within the month following
actual sales.
$10,000 being the amount of 2nd
call may be received in March. Share
premium amounting to $2,000 is also obtainable with 2nd
call.
Period of credit allowed by suppliers 2 months
Period of credit allowed by customers 1 month
Delay in payment of overheads 1 month
Delay in payment of wages ½ month
Assume cash sales to be 50% of total sales.
V- A single product company estimates its sales for the next year as quarter
as under
Quarter Units sales
I 30,000
II 37,500
III 41,250
IV 45,200
The opening stock of finished goods is 10,000 units at the end of the year. The
production pattern in each quarter is based on 80% of the sales of the current quarter
and 20% of the sales of the next quarter.

7. The opening stock of raw materials in the beginning of the year is 10,000 Kgs
and the closing stock at the end of the year is required to be maintained at 5,000
Kgs. Each unit of output requires 2 kgs of raw materials.
The company proposes to purchases the entire annual requirement of raw
materials in the first three quarters in the proportion and at the prices given below:
Quarter purchase of raw material % to total Price per Kg ($)
annual requirement in quantity
I 30% 2
II 50% 3
III 20% 4
The value of the opening stock of raw materials in the beginning of the year is
$20,000. You are required to present the following for the next year, quarter:
1-production budget in unit
2- Raw material consumption budget in quantity
3- Raw material purchase budget in quantity and value
4- Price store ledger card of the raw material using First in first out method.
VI- The expense budget for production of 10,000 units in a factory are finished
as below:
Items ($) per unit
Materials 70
Labor 25
Variable overheads 20
Fixed overheads ($100,000) 10
Variable expenses ( direct) 5
Selling expenses (10% fixed) 13
Distribution expenses (20% fixed) 7
Administration expenses ($50,000) 5
Total cost of sales per unit ( to make and sell) 155
Prepare a budget for production of 8,000 units and 6,000 units of showing total
and per unit cost. Assume that administration expenses are rigid for all levels of
production.
VII- monthly budgets for manufacturing overheads of a concern for two levels
of activity were as under:
Capacity 60% 100%
Budgeted production in unit 300 500
Insurance ($) 3,000 3,000
Wages ($) 3,600 6,000
Consumable stores ($) 4,500 7,500
Depreciation ($) 12,000 12,000
Maintenance ($) 3,300 4,500
Power and Fuel ($) 4,000 5,000
1- Prepare budget for 85% capacity and
2- Find the total cost segregated into fixed and variable; per unit
of output at 60%, 85% and 100% capacity.