Nature of perception, characteristics of perciever, situation & target
1. Nature Of Perception, Characteristics
Of Perceiver, Target & Situation
Dr. G C Mohanta, BE, MSc(Engg), MBA, PhD(Mgt)
Professor
2. Perception
Perception is a process by which
individuals organize and interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give
meaning to their environment.
People’s behavior is based on their
perception of what reality is, not on
reality itself.
The world as it is perceived is the world
that is behaviorally important.
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Nature of Perception
Perception.
The process by which people select, organize,
interpret, retrieve, and respond to information.
Perceptual information is gathered from:
Sight.
Hearing.
Touch.
Taste.
Smell.
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Characteristics of Perceiver
The perceptual process is influenced by
the perceiver’s:
Past experiences.
Needs or motives.
Personality.
Values and attitudes.
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Characteristics of the Situation
The perceptual process is influenced by
the situation’s:
Physical context.
Social context.
Organizational context.
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Characteristics of the Target
The perceptual process is influenced by
characteristics of the perceived person, object,
or event, such as:
Contrast.
Intensity.
Figure-ground separation.
Size.
Motion.
Repetition or novelty.
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Stages of the perceptual
process
Information attention and selection.
Organization of information.
Information interpretation.
Information retrieval.
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Information attention and
selection
Selective screening.
Lets in only a tiny proportion of all the
information that bombards a person.
Two types of selective screening.
Controlled processing.
Screening without perceiver’s conscious
awareness.
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Organization of information
Schemas
A schema is a mental concept which
informs a person about what to expect
from a variety of experiences and
situations.
Schemas are developed based on
information provided by life experiences
and are then stored in memory.
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Information interpretation
Uncovering the reasons behind the ways
stimuli are grouped.
People may interpret the same
information differently or make different
attributions about information.
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Information Retrieval & Response
to Perceptual Process
Information Retrieval
Attention and selection, organization and interpretation
are part of memory.
Information stored in memory must be retrieved in
order to be used.
Response to perceptual process
Thoughts.
Feelings.
Actions.