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The life and times of Aspergillus in the home
1. The life and times of
Aspergillus in the home
Prof Malcolm Richardson
Mycology Reference Centre
National Aspergillosis Centre
UHSM and University of Manchester
3. Aw < 0.80, ERH <80%
Aw < 0.80-0.90, ERH <80-90%
Aw >0.90, ERH >90%
water
Aw: Minimum water activity level at 25°C
ERH: Equilibrium relative humidity
4. WHO Dampness and Mould
Occupants of damp or mouldy buildings are at increased risk of
respiratory symptoms, respiratory infections and exacerbation of
asthma
Remediation of dampness can reduce adverse health outcomes
There is clinical evidence that exposure to mould increases the risk of
allergic alveolitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis
Allergic people are particularly susceptible to biological and chemical
agents in damp building
The increasing prevalence of asthma and allergies increases the
number of people susceptible to the effects of dampness and mould.
5. Mouldy houses in the UK
RICS Report :
‘ Mould in the Indoor Environment of
Dwellings in England’.
- Visible mould growth in 5.4% of properties
tested (65/~1200).
- Stachybotrys chartarum found in 12 homes.
- Aspergillus fumigatus found in 2 homes.
CONDENSATION/PENETRATING DAMPNESS.
8. Aspergillus fumigatus
Ubiquitous organism.
Most commonly reported
opportunistic
hyphomycete.
Important in compost
cycle.
How did this grass
eater become an
opportunistic pathogen?
9. A. fumigatus: Compost to Man
Life is very competitive in a compost pile.
What are some of the growth characteristics that enable
A. fumigatus to be successful in the environment that
may also allow it to be an opportunistic pathogen?
10. Nutritional Versatility: Compost to Man
A. fumigatus plays a key role in recycling C and N in compost.
Carbon sensing and utilization: pkaR and sakA.
Nitrogen sensing and utilization: rhbA, areA, cpcA, & sakA.
Auxotrophies: pabaA, pyrG, lysF.
11. Sources of Aspergillus
Soil
Air; spores may be inhaled: (100-200 spores daily)
Water / storage tanks in hospitals
Food
Compost and decaying vegetation
Fire proofing materials
Bedding, pillows
Ventilation and air conditioning systems
Computer fans
12. Members of the family
Genus of around 200 fungi (moulds) worlwide
Filamentous fungus (opposed to single celled
fungus), reproduction by spores
A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. niger,
A. clavatus
13.
14.
15. People live in mouldy houses: exposure to
Aspergillus and more