2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Trauma Signature

1. Presented at: 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference (IDRC) Global Risk Forum, Davos, Switzerland, 24-28 August 2014 The 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: The Trauma Signature of an Ecological Disaster

2. Extreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental CatastropheExtreme Environmental Catastrophe Prolonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive MediaProlonged Duration w/ Extensive Media Multi-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BPMulti-Impact: Katrina, Econ Crisis, BP 4444 3333 2222 1111 Corporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate CulpabilityCorporate Culpability 5555 AbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk FactorsAbsenceAbsence of Major Trauma Risk Factorsof Major Trauma Risk Factors 6666 Rapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated ResponseRapid, Funded, Coordinated Response 2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features2010 “BP” OIL SPILL: Unique and Defining Features

4. ComplexComplex EmergenciesEmergencies Hurricanes, StormsHurricanes, Storms IntentionalIntentional Mass ViolenceMass Violence TerrorismTerrorism Non-intentionalNon-intentional Technological:Technological: Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials SpillSpill Floods, MudslidesFloods, Mudslides Wildfires, ExtremeWildfires, Extreme Heat, ColdHeat, Cold Earthquakes,Earthquakes, Tsunamis, LandslidesTsunamis, Landslides PandemicsPandemics Natural DisastersNatural Disasters Human-Generated DisastersHuman-Generated Disasters 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL Non-intentional Anthropogenic (Human-Generated) Technological Disaster Involving aNon-intentional Anthropogenic (Human-Generated) Technological Disaster Involving a Hazardous Materials Spill that Generated Severe Ecological DamageHazardous Materials Spill that Generated Severe Ecological Damage

5. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL

12. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON “BP” OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON “BP” OIL SPILL

14. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1/4/2010 3/4/2010 5/4/2010 7/4/2010 9/4/2010 HAITI 2010HAITI 2010 EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE DEEPWATERDEEPWATER HORIZONHORIZON OIL SPILLOIL SPILL WeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USAWeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USA 2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA Source: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.orgSource: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.org TRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERSTRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERS

15. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1/4/2010 3/4/2010 5/4/2010 7/4/2010 9/4/2010 HAITI 2010HAITI 2010 EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE DEEPWATERDEEPWATER HORIZONHORIZON OIL SPILLOIL SPILL WeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USAWeeklyNewsCoverageIndex:USA 2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA2010 Disaster News Coverage Index USA Source: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.orgSource: Pew Center for Excellence in Journalism: www.journalism.org TRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERSTRAUMA SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A TALE OF TWO DISASTERS OIL LEAKOIL LEAK PLUGGEDPLUGGED

18. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON “BP” OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON “BP” OIL SPILL

23. 2010 DEEPWATER2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLHORIZON OIL SPILL $52 million specifically$52 million specifically earmarked for disasterearmarked for disaster behavioral healthbehavioral health response and researchresponse and research with $10M to SAMHSAwith $10M to SAMHSA Sharon Larson SAMHSASharon Larson SAMHSA Deborah Gould CDCDeborah Gould CDC

24. 2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL2010 DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL NSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and HealthNSDUH: National Survey of Drug Use and Health GCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster AreaGCDA: Gulf Coast Disaster Area GSPS: Gulf States Population SurveyGSPS: Gulf States Population Survey

28. RISK FACTORS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND DISORDERS EXPOSURE SEVERITY N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme HH AA ZZ AA RR DD Severe Exposure to Hazards N/A <10,000 >10,000 500,000 >1 million >10 million Strong Fear/Life Threat N/A 100s >10,000 >100,000 >1 million >10 million Epidemic Infectious Disease N/A <10,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million >10 million Personal Physical Injury N/A <100 >100 1,300 >10,000 >100,000 Witnessing Grotesque Scenes N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 200,000 >1 million Human-Generated Contribution N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme Intentional Human Causation N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme Multiple High Intensity Impacts Katrina, Economic Crisis, DWH N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme EXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLEXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL

29. RISK FACTORS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND DISORDERS EXPOSURE SEVERITY N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme LL OO SS SS Mortality N/A 11 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million Bereaved Survivors N/A 50 >4,000 >40,000 >400,000 >4 million Loss of Primary Dwelling N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million Severe Financial Losses N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million National Financial Losses PAID BY BRITISH PETROLEUM N/A < $100 million > $10 million > $100 million > $1 billion $20-40 billion EXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLEXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL

30. RISK FACTORS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND DISORDERS EXPOSURE SEVERITY N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme CC HH AA NN GG EE Total Affected Persons N/A <1004,000 >100,000 1 million >10 million >100 million Evacuation N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million Long-Term Displacement/Relocation N/A <1,000 >1,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million Disruption of Essential Services N/A <10,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million >10 million Lack of Food, Clean Water N/A <10,000 >10,000 >100,000 >1 million >10 million Damage to Infrastructure N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme Enduring Ecological Impact N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme EXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLEXPOSURE SEVERITY – DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL

31. RISK FACTORS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND DISORDERS EXPOSURE SEVERITY N/A Low Moderate Severe Very Severe Extreme HH AA ZZ AA RR DD Severe Exposure to Hazards Strong Fear/Life Threat Personal Physical Injury Witnessing Grotesque Scenes Human-Generated Intentional Human Causation Multiple High Intensity Impacts LL OO SS SS Mortality Bereaved Survivors Loss of Primary Dwelling Severe Financial Losses National Financial Losses CC HH AA NN GG EE Total Affected Displacement/Relocation Disruption of Essential Services Lack of Food, Clean Water Damage to Infrastructure TSIG SUMMARY: DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILLTSIG SUMMARY: DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL

2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Trauma Signature

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