ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
GEOtop2010
1. Geotop2010 as a Gold
Mine for the CHyMP
R. Rigon, M. Dall’Amico, S. Endrizzi, E. Cordano,
A. Antonello, S. Franceschi
2. -> What is now
GEOtop2010
The GEOtop project
1. GEOtop is a distributed hydrological model, which integrates water and
energy budget in complex terrain [Rigon et al. 2006].
2. It performs energy balance and water balance, computing energy fluxes
between soil and atmosphere, subsurface and surface flows [ Bertoldi et al.,
2006].
Rigon et al., JHM, 2006, Bertoldi et al., JHM, 2006, Simoni, 2007, Endrizzi, 2007
http://www.geotop.org 2
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
3. GEOtop2010
What for?
rainfall-runoff and soil
measured simulated
moisture
heterogeneity in soil
hydraulic properties,
landscape structural
properties, soil moisture
profile, surface–subsurface
interaction, interception by
plants, snowpack, rainfall
distribution
3
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
4. GEOtop2010
The GEOtop project
1. GEOtop is a distributed hydrological model, which integrates water and energy
budget in complex terrain [Rigon et al. 2006].
2. It performs energy balance and mass balance, computing energy fluxes
between soil and atmosphere, subsurface and surface flows [ Bertoldi et al., 2006].
3. Soil moisture and soil water pressure are dynamically computed
at each location (x, y, z) [Cordano et al., 2007].
4
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
5. GEOtop2010
What for?
shallow landslides and debris flow
triggering
Initial and boundary conditions,
heterogeneity in soil hydraulic and
geotechnical properties,
landscape structural and
geological
properties, soil moisture profile
[Simoni et al, 2007]
5
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
6. GEOtop2010
The GEOtop project
1. GEOtop is a distributed hydrological model, which integrates water and energy
budget in complex terrain [Rigon et al. 2006].
2. It performs energy balance and mass balance, computing energy fluxes
between soil and atmosphere, subsurface and surface flows [ Bertoldi et al., 2006].
3. Soil moisture and soil water pressure are dynamically computed
at each location (x, y, z) [Cordano et al., 2007].
4. Slope stability is assessed through the probabilistic and dynamic
module GEOtop-FS [Simoni et al, 2007].
6
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
7. GEOtop2010
What for?
Snow mantle evolution and
ablation topography, metamorphism,
avalanches, albedo, insulation...
[Zanotti et al., 2004; Endrizzi, 2007].
7
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
9. GEOtop2010
The GEOtop project
5. Snow and ice melt are accounted for [Zanotti et al., 2004; Endrizzi, 2007].
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
10. GEOtop2010
What for?
Soil freezing and permafrost unfrozen liquid content, water flow in
freezing soil, inertia and initial
conditions
courtesy of Stephan Gruber (University of Zurich)
work in progress [Dall’Amico et al]
9
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
29. -> What is now
GEOtop2010
Main Program: GEOtop 0.9375 KMackenzie in a unique piece of code
containing:
•Input data
•Meteo Data Interpolator - MicroMET (Elder & Liston, 2006)
•Separation - Rainfall - Snow
•Energy Budget (optional)
•Water Budget
•Output data
www.slideshare.net/GEOFRAMEcafe/GEOtop
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
30. -> What is now
GEOtop2010
Meteo Data Interpolator
•Wind: Micromet or uniform values
•Precipitation - Micromet or simple kriging
•Short wave incoming radiation: Micromet or custom
parameterization
•Long wave incoming radiation: Micromet or or custom
parameterization
Micromet from (Elder & Liston, 2006)
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
31. GEOtop2010
The grid
•Square structured grid based on the DEM
•QUI UN DISEGNO DI UNA GRIGLIA STRUTTURATA
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
32. -> What is now
GEOtop2010
Energy Budget
•Contains the heat Equation with radiation budget for
•snow (multilayer)
•soil (multilayer)
•Allows for phase changes and soil freezing
•Boundary conditions includes:
•Atmosphere exchange at the surface layer
•Constant flux at the bottom
22
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
33. -> What is now
GEOtop2010
Water Budget
•Subsurface Flow
•Richards 3D but solving separately the vertical and
the later flow (e.g. Cordano and Rigon, 2008)
•Surface Flow:
•Kinematic wave equation
•Channel Flow
•Using GIUH style approach
(e.g. D’odorico and Rigon, 2003)
23
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
34. GEOtop2010
Comprehensive GEOtop Bibliography
•Simoni, S., F. Zanotti, G. Bertoldi and R. Rigon, Modelling the
probability of occurrence of shallow landslides and channelized
debris flows using GEOtop-FS, accepted for Hydrol. Proc.,
published on-line, Dec 2007
•Rigon R., Bertoldi G e T. M. Over, GEOtop: A distributed
hydrological model with coupled water and energy budgets, Jour.
of Hydromet., Vol. 7, No. 3, pages 371- 388., Vol. 7, No. 3,
pages 371-388.
•Bertoldi, G., R. Rigon & T. M. Over, Impact of watershed
geomorphic characteristics on the energy and water budgets,
Jour. of Hydromet., Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 371- 388. Vol. 7, No. 3,
pages 389 - 394, 2006.
•Lanni C., Tarantino A., Cordano E., Rigon R., 2009: Analysis of
the effect of normal and lateral subsurface water flow on the
triggering of shallow landslides with a distributed
hydrological modelquot; - International Conference quot;Landslides
Processesquot; ,Strasbourg, France
24
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
35. GEOtop2010
•Bertoldi G., Dietrich W.E., Miller N. L., Rigon R.. Bedrock and
soil contribution to the formation of sub-surface runoff by
saturation in headwater catchments: observations and
simulation using a distributed hydrological model, Atti del
XXIX Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Trento,
Settembre 2004.
• Zanotti F, Endrizzi S, Bertoldi G, Rigon R. 2004. The GEOTOP
snow module. Hydrological Processes 18: 3667–3679. DOI:
10/1002/hyp.5794.
• G. Bertoldi, C. Notarnicola, G. Leitinger, M. Zebisch, and U.
Tappeiner (in preparation) Morphological and eco-hydrological
controls on land surface temperature in an Alpine catchment
• G. Bertoldi, G. Wohlfahrt, S. Della Chiesa, U. Tappeiner, S.
Endrizzi (in preparation): Biotic and a-biotic controls on
energy and water partitioning in a mountain grassland
25
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
36. GEOtop2010
Next Versions of GEOtop will be components based on GEOFRAME
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
37. GEOtop2010 -> GEOFRAME: a system for doing hydrology by Computer
The complete GEOFRAME framework
Eclipse RCP
uDig
JGrass
PostGIS
Postgres
GIS engine
J-Console Engine
OpenMI
Web
The Horton
UIBuilder
services
Machine
WMS Models
WFS-T H2 spatial
WPS
GRASS
BeeGIS
www.slideshare.net/GEOFRAMEcafe/geoframe-a-system-for-doing-hydrology-by-computer
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
38. GEOtop2010 -> GEOFRAME: a system for doing hydrology by Computer
JGrass 3
www.jgrass.org
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
39. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base
Next year
• Design and implementation of the simulation Data
Base (based on standards derived from CUAHSI, OMS and Earth System
Curator)
• The Data Base (DB) will be built upon Postgresql/
postgis/postgrid which usually will run on a server
• The DB can however run locally
• An internal copy of some of the DB features can be
imported inside the GEOFRAME modeling system through
the GEOFRAME Data Master (already implemented)
• The DB will contain the forcing and the parameters
needed to run GEOtop.
29
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
40. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base
This year (2009) in progress
J-Hydro
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
41. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base
This year (2009) in progress
GEOFRAME DATA MASTER
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
42. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base
This year (2009) in progress
JGrass
32
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
43. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base
33
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
44. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base
34
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
45. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Data base
Next year
•Locally JGrass will contain and manage GEOtop that
will be executed from the J-Console
•Data will be produced according to the internal
formats of JGrass (and possibly these will include
NetCDF)
• Preparation of the input data
•An internal copy of some of the DB features can be
imported inside the GEOFRAME modeling system through
the GEOFRAME Data Master (already implemented)
35
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
46. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Use case
Next year
DATAMASTER
CLIENTCARTELLA
DATABASE
DATI
JGrass
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
47. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Use case
Next year
DATAMASTER
CLIENTCARTELLA
DATABASE
DATI
JGrass
37
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
48. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Use case
Next year
DATAMASTER
CLIENTCARTELLA
DATABASE
DATI
JGrass
38
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
49. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Use case
Next year
DATAMASTER
CLIENTCARTELLA
DATABASE
DATI
JGrass
39
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
50. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Use case
Next year
DATAMASTER
CLIENTCARTELLA
DATABASE
DATI
JGrass
40
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
51. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Use case
Next year
DATAMASTER
CLIENTCARTELLA
DATABASE
DATI
JGrass
41
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
52. -> Next Year (Spring 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: First Componentization
Next year
Meteo Energy Water
I/O + +
Forcings Budget Budget
The first version
42
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
53. -> Next Year (Summer 2010)
GEOtop2010
First Steps into GEOFRAME: Second Componentization
Next year
Meteo Energy Water
I/O
Forcings Budget Budget
The second version
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
54. -> Next Year (Fall 2010)
GEOtop2010
Further splitting will follows
Data Subsurface Surface
I/O
Assimilation Flows Flows
Snow
Energy
Vegetation Radiation &
Budget
Cryosphere
44
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
56. GEOtop2010
Visualization: Nasa World Wind
Next processes - scales
46
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
57. GEOtop2010
Numerics
•Current Numerics will
Next processes - scales be replaced with new numerical
methods.
•This action has actually started with using Brugnano
and 2008 Casulli, 2008 in rewriting subsurface
and Casulli,
flow equations, beginning with an implementation of:
•Boussinesq equation on unstructured grids with finite
volumes
•And follows with
•Boussinesq equation on unstructured grids with finite
volumes and embedded sub-parameterizations (Casulli, 2008)
•Richards equations with embedded sub-parameterizations
•Substitution of actual surface water equations with
shallow water ones coupled with subsurface waters
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
58. GEOtop2010
Implementation
•GEOtop is a - scales
Next processes mix of FORTRAN (Micromet) and C codes.
C, in turn, is according to some costume libraries
that are called FluidTurtle libraries.
•These are planned to be replaced in the new
implementation by the ESMF libraries
•This, in turn, could open the possibility to
recompile the entire GEOtop under the ESMF, as an
alternative substituting the OpenMi superstructure
with the ESMF superstructure.
This would allow for natural scalability of the GEOtop code from
desktop computers to supercomputers (we do not really know if it is
possible and we are investigating the possibilities).
48
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
59. GEOtop2010 -> GEOFRAME: a system for doing hydrology by Computer
GEOtop is a collaborative
projects and other are invited
to bring into new components
BTW
if the CHyMP takes some
momentum GEOtop can flow
into it ...
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
60. GEOtop2010
NewAge (Rigon is a large scale distributed model.
et al., 2009)
Radiation
NewAge Precipitation
GEOtop
Air Temperature
Air humidity
wind
Vegetation
Snow
unsaturated
Saturated storage
Channels Lakes Human
works
It includes the modelling of reservoirs, intakes and human works 50
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
61. GEOtop2010
NewAge (Rigon is a large scale distributed model.
et al., 2009)
•It GEOtop
NewAge implements already much of the informatics
describe above and includes
•Two components for the interpolation of
meteorological data
•h.jami (Just another meteo interpolator) for the
interpolation at hillslope scale of temperature,
atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and others.
•h.kriging Implements simple kriging for rainfall
interpolations
•Some sub-components for calculating the energy
budget lumped at hill-slope scale
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
62. GEOtop2010
NewAge (Rigon is a large scale distributed model.
et al., 2009)
•Several components for runoff formation, aggregation
NewAge GEOtop
and routing
•h.adige. A component for the evaluation of the
surface and subsurface fluxes (as a dynamical
model) - Partially based on Cuencas, Mantilla and Gupta,
(2005)
•h.saintgeo. It integrates the 1-D de SainttVenant
Equation.
•Various Ancillary sub-models
52
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
63. GEOtop2010
NewAge (Rigon is a large scale distributed model.
et al., 2009)
•A simplified
NewAge GEOtop snow model
•h.snow ?
•A model for the estimation of evapotranspiration
according to the Penman-Monteith equation.
•h.ET ?
53
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
64. GEOtop2010
NewAge (Rigon is a large scale distributed model.
et al., 2009)
NewAge GEOtop
•These components will be able to interact with
GEOtop componenents after the writing of the
appropriate interconnection modules.
•Especially the modules which regards the channel
flow can, in perspective, substitute the actual
implementation of channel routing.
•NewAge use a sophisticate treatment of channels and
fully exploits the geographic capabilities of the
GEOFRAME system.
54
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
65. Geotop KMcKenzie
An inside view
R. Rigon, M. Dall’Amico, S. Endrizzi, E. Cordano
68. GEOtop2010
Necessary input
GENERAL
strings array representing the keywords for the file
__geotop.init
strings array representing the necessary file names
__geotop.inpts
horizon angles at different azimuth: necessary for 1D simulations
_points_horizon
PARAMETERS
parameters controlling the simulations (integration Dt, duration,
__control_parameters
beginning time, standard time, output time, 1D or 2D simulations...)
coordinates of the points where to print the results, saving points,
__options_point.txt
horizon file name...
parameters file
__parameters.txt
soil depth, Van Genuchten, thermal, hydraulic parameters for each
_soil.txt
soil type given the corresponding map
58
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
70. GEOtop2010
Necessary input
GENERAL
strings array representing the keywords for the file
__geotop.init
strings array representing the necessary file names
__geotop.inpts
horizon angles at different azimuth: necessary for 1D simulations
_points_horizon
PARAMETERS
parameters controlling the simulations (integration Dt, duration,
__control_parameters
beginning time, standard time, output time, 1D or 2D simulations...)
coordinates of the points where to print the results, saving points,
__options_point.txt
horizon file name...
parameters file
__parameters.txt
soil depth, Van Genuchten, thermal, hydraulic parameters for each
_soil.txt
soil type given the corresponding map
METEO
...
_meteo_cloud.txt
horizon angles at different azimuth for the meteo station 0001
_meteo_horizon0001.txt
file of meteo stations data
_meteo0001.txt
60
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
72. GEOtop2010
Necessary input
MORPHO
...
_meteo_cloud.txt
horizon angles at different azimuth for the meteo station 0001
_meteo_horizon0001.txt
file of meteo stations data
_meteo0001.txt
to be continued...
62
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
73. -> What is now
GEOtop2010
main program
•dynamic allocation of structures (soil, water...)
•Read Input data
•Meteo Data Interpolator - MicroMET (Elder & Liston, 2006)
•Separation - Rainfall - Snow
•Infiltration (Richards 1D)
•Redistribution (Richards 2D)
•Surface runoff
•Channel Routing
•Output data
2
Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano
74. GEOtop2010
structures
/*structs' declarations:*/
TOPO *top; /* topographical characteristics */
SOIL *sl; /* soil characteristics */
LAND *land; /* land characteristics */
WATER *wat; /* water infiltrating */
CHANNEL *cnet; /* channel routing characteristics */
PAR *par; /* various parameters */
ENERGY *egy; /* energy radiation characteristics */
SNOW *snow; /* snow characteristics */
GLACIER *glac; /* glacier characteristics */
METEO *met; /* meteo data characteristics */
TIMES *times; /* time variables */
LISTON *liston; /* structure for Micromet */
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Riccardo Rigon, Matteo Dall’Amico, Stefano Endrizzi, Emanuele Cordano