F. Questier, (Disruptive) innovations: education and society, lecture for Chinese Summerschool 'European languages, culture and educational systems', Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 07/07/2014

1. (Disruptive) innovations:
education and society
Prof. dr. Frederik Questier
布鲁塞尔自由大学暑期学校
Vrije Universiteit Brussel Summer School
“European languages, culture and educational systems”
07/07/14

2. 布鲁塞尔自由大学暑期学校
Vrije Universiteit Brussel Summer School

3. This presentation can be found at
http://questier.com
http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

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How can we educate
our students for
the unknown future?

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The only constant in life is change

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What is the biggest change
you expect during
your (professional) life?

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The best way
to predict the future
is to invent it.
(Alan Kay, 1971)

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William Gibson

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Information Society ?

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Knowledge Society

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Evolution of organizations
Source: Jessica Lipnack and Jeffrey Stamps, Virtual Teams
http://www.netage.com/pub/books/VirtualTeams%202/CHAPTERS%20PDF/chapter02.pdf

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Network society

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Everything
gets connected &
software enhanced

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Evolution of the internet?
Web 2.0: Social
Web 3.0: Semantic
Mobile and Ubiquitous
Darknet: anonymous & encrypted
Internet of things
Global brain – intelligence

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“On the Internet,
nobody
knows
you're a dog”
Peter Steiner
New Yorker
2000

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In China:
“On the Internet,
everybody
knows
you're a dog”
This vision
might be closer
to today's Internet
reality!

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Transparency + Privacy

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"The most fundamental way
of helping other people,
is to teach people
how to do things better
or how to better their lives.
For people
who use computers,
this means sharing
the recipes
you use on your computer,
in other words
the programs you run."

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1980's: Stallman defined
“Free Software”
The freedom to
➢ use
➢ study
➢ distribute
➢ improve
the program

21. 1998: “Open Source” sounds better
as “Free Software”?

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The software Freedoms
require access to the source code
→ “Open Source Software”
Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)
Source code: if encrypt(password) == encryptedpassword, then login=1, end
Compiled code: 001001011101010011001100001111011000110001110001101

24. 1991 comp
sci student
Usenet posting to the
newsgroup
"comp.os.minix.":
“I'm doing a (free)
operating system (just a
hobby, won't be big and
professional like gnu) for
386(486) AT clones.”

25. 6117 persons, 659 companies
have contributed to Linux kernel

26. "Congratulations, you're on the winning team.
Linux has crossed the chasm to mainstream adoption."
➢ Jeffrey Hammond, principal analyst at Forrester Research, LinuxCon, 2010
“Linux has come to dominate almost every category of
computing, with the exception of the desktop”
➢ Jim Zemlin, Linux Foundation Executive Director, 2011
“Linux is the benchmark of Quality”
➢ Coverity Report 2012

27. Linux powers 92% of the top 500 Super Computers

28. Android, a mobile version of Linux,
has overall largest market share

30. FLOSS browsers dominate!

31. Most used web browser by country
June 2013, according to Statcounter

32. Most used web browser by country
June 2014, according to Statcounter

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You will have to
compete with
amateurs!
An enthusiastic amateur beats
a bored professional
“Karl Marx was perhaps
the original prophet of the
Professional Amateurs
economy:
labour
– forced, unspontaneous
and waged work –
would be superseded
by self-activity”

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You will have to
compete with
free!

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3D printing

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2045 Technological Singularity?

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Start of transhumanism?

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How can we educate
our students for
the unknown future?

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“Schools we have today
were designed around commonsense assumptions
that had never been scientifically tested”
R. Keith Sawyer

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innovation?
Politics Education Science
1km/h 10km/h 100km/h

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information scarcity → information abundance !
Total information is now doubling every year !

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Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is in your own head?
>75% | 75-50% | 50-25% | 25-10%

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Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is in your own head?
1986 75% → 2010 10%

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The longer one studies,
the more one comes to realize
how much one does not know

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% tested genius in Divergent Thinking
(used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions)
Source: Breakpoint and Beyond by George Land and Beth Jaman

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Demand for new skills?
➢ Social skills
➢ communicating, networking, teamwork
➢ international, intercultural
➢ Creativity
➢ Entrepeneurship
➢ Information technology skills
➢ Handle information overload
➢ ...
➢
➢ Learning to learn → Life Long Learning!

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Knowledge -> Skills ->
Competences
Competences
are the ability to use
➢ knowledge
➢ skills
➢ attitudes
in new, complex, authentic situations

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?

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Discrepancy?
What are students used to? What is their classroom experience?
control no control
action passive
instant feedback little, late feedback
rich media poor media
always online offline
social interactions working together = cheating

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Why change the way
we teach and learn?
We have new scientific knowledge
about teaching and learning

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how ?

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Evolution in learning theories
Behaviourism Learning = change of behaviour
Stimulus → response
Learner is passive receiver of knowledge
Mind = black box
Cognitivism Focuses on how the brain works
Metacognition, learning strategies
Motivation
Constructivism Knowledge is actively constructed by the learner
New knowledge is linked to prior knowledge
Learners discover themselves facts and relationships
Social Constructivism Social interaction plays a fundamental role
Discussions lead to deeper understanding and increased motivation
Constructionism Constructing an artifact or something that can be shared leads to better
learning
Connectivism Learning is a process of connecting nodes or information sources
Knowledge and learning may reside in non-human appliances
Try to see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts
Know-what & Know-how → Know-where

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Educational innovation?
Traditional learning New Learning
teacher oriented student oriented
(passive) knowledge transfer (active) knowledge construction; interaction
focus on knowledge focus on competences
individual learning collaborative learning
focus on course contents
teacher = expert teacher = coach
teacher directs also self-directed learning
selective education adaptive education
students focus on good scores attention for (intrinsic) motivation
surface learning deep (natural) learning
also focus on learning process
(learning to learn, reflection)

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Educational innovation?
Traditional learning New Learning
abstract, school-like examples & tasks authentic contexts
evaluation by teacher self/co/peer-assessment, ...
summative evaluation + formative evaluation
(learning from mistakes and feedback)
linear curriculum flexible curriculum
independent courses and disciplines connexion, integration, interdisciplinarity
supply oriented demand oriented
uniform education differentiated education
(adapted to e.g. learning styles)
classroom flexible learning environment
(also online & virtual)
course materials powerful learning environments
formal learning + informal learning
behaviorism and cognitivism Social constructivism (and connectivism)

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How can we improve
teaching and learning with ICT?
Don't apply traditional teaching methods
in new technologies!
Substitution?
(dropping your coursebook online)
Transformation!

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Seek the synergy!
Theories about learning
and technologies
have evolved
towards very similar concepts

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One Laptop Per Child

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Model Jonassen for
(constructive) learning environments
→ Technologies can support the intentional construction,
in a collaborative way, of complex contextualized artifacts
and the conversation and reflection about it

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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective
Case kitCase kit (Ugent, Jan Velghe)(Ugent, Jan Velghe)

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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective

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Active/Manipulative - Collaborative - Complex - Constructive - Contextualized - Conversational - Intentional - Reflective

79. Pharmacy simulations

80. ICT supported

81. ICT supported

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Chinese students in my course forum

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86. Class conferencing software

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95. Open educational resources
(OER)
digitised materials
offered freely and openly
for educators, students and self-learners
to use and reuse
for teaching, learning and research

96. Believing that OER can
widen access to quality education,
particularly when shared by many countries
and higher education institutions,
UNESCO champions OER
as a means of promoting access, equity and quality
in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

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55550 Flemish primary and
secondary teachers on sharing site

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Learning Analytics
Gephi export,
learning interactions,
R. Carlos, F. Questier, C. Zhu

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We all can learn from
Learning Analytics!
➢ The Learning Analytics Cycle, by Doug Clow,
http://dougclow.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/the-learning-analytics-cycle/

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Tin Cap API

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120. 谢谢
Questier.com
Frederik AT Questier.com
www.linkedin.com/in/fquestie
www.diigo.com/user/frederikquestier
www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

121. Copyright acknowledgements
➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/
➢ Figure study CC-by-nc-sa by Tony2 (NOT IN USE!)
➢ Question! CC-by by Stefan Baudy
➢ http://users4.jabry.com/vortex/misc/DivergentThinking.gif
➢ Edupunk: http://blogs.pstcc.edu/drbrown/files/2009/11/Picture-4.png
➢ Flipped-Classroom-CC-BY-NC-SA-2-by-ransomtech
➢ http://cogdogblog.com/2012/07/17/mooc-hysertia/
➢ http://www.onlinecollege.org/2012/08/21/25-tips-make-most-mooc/

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DARE
TO SHARE

123. This presentation was made
with 100% Free Software
No animals were harmed