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ELL Grammar Key 3 – Past
- Difficult for some ELLs, as some languages do not have
  verb tenses.

- We need to help ELLs to figure out which verb form is
  most appropriate for the situation.
Typical ELL Errors
- According to the report, dozens of people did not received
  their tax information.
- When I ate dinner last night, my uncle called me.
- How many people did you talked to at the party?
- By the time I was old enough to vote, I participated in two
  local campaigns.
- Do you have ever flown on a 747 jumbo jet?
Verb Tense / Expression               Example                             Meaning

      Simple Past                I ate dinner at 8 PM.                A single past event.
   Past Progressive         I was eating dinner when you            A past action that was
    (Continuous)                       called.                     happening (when it was
                                                                   interrupted by another)
    Present Perfect        I have eaten at that restaurant.      A past action (indefinite time
                                                                   that could happen again)
      Past Perfect          I had eaten dinner before you           A past action that was
                                       called.                    completed before a second
                                                                         past action
Past Perfect Progressive   I had been eating dinner before An action that began in the past
                                     you called              before a second past action
                                                            (with emphasis on duration of
                                                                      the action)
  Used to and Would        When I was still single, I used to      Used to: an action that
                            eat dinner in front of the TV. I     happened many times in the
                            would put my food on a plate          past but is no longer true.
                             and then take it to the small         Frequently opens a past
                           table in front of the TV. Then I’d             narrative.
                           eat dinner while I was watching
                              TV. Now that I’m married,           Would: smaller actions that
                            things have changed and we           happened repeatedly in a past
                            eat at the dining room table.       narrative but are no longer true
Simple Past Tense
 An action that was completed in the past.

 Form: VERB+ed

 Problematic spelling; For verbs:
 - that end in -e already, just add the -d (live – lived)
 - that end in consonant +y, you change the -y to -i and add -ed (study – studied)
 - that end in vowel +y, just add -ed (play – played)
 - CVC
       - for verbs of one syllable that end in consonant + vowel + consonant, you
 double the last consonant and then add -ed.
        - for verbs of two syllables, double the last consonant before adding –ed, if the
 stress is on the second syllable (commit – commited) .
         - if the stress is on the first syllable we DO NOT double the final consonant
 (visit – visited)

Singular             Plural
                                          Past                 Now                 Future
I walked             we walked
you walked           you walked
he/she/it walked     they walked
Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know.
1- Don’t use VERB or VERB + -s in the past tense. Don’t forget to use –ed.
Wrong: Laura cooks scrambled eggs for breakfast yesterday.
Correct: Laura cooked scrambled eggs for breakfast yesterday.

2- Do not use was/were with verbs (other than to be) in simple past tense.
Wrong: I was walk to school yesterday.
Correct: I walked to school yesterday.

3- Don’t forget to change –y to –i and add –ed
Wrong: My baby sister cryed last night.
Correct: My baby sister cried last night.

4- If a verb ends in consonant – vowel – consonant (C-V-C) (in its stressed syllable),
don’t forget to double the consonant before adding –ed.
Wrong: She stoped the car to answer her cell phone.
Correct: She stopped the car to answer her cell phone.
Past Progressive Tense
An action that was happening when another action interrupted it.

Form: was/were + VERB + -ing.

The –ing form is called the present participle .

Use was or were according to the subject




              Past                 Now              Future




             Singular                     Plural
             I was walking                we were walking
             you were walking             you were walking
             he/she/it was walking        they were walking
Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know.
1-Do not use was/were and a verb without –ing. The –ing to indicate past
progressive tense.
Wrong: When I got my first job I was live in Los Angeles.
Correct: When I got my first job I was living in Los Angeles.

2- Don’t mix up past progressive tense and simple past tense.
Wrong: I cut the onions. Then I was putting them in the soup.
Correct: I cut the onions. Then I put them in the soup.

3- Be careful with the spelling of the present participle.
Wrong: cuting, siting, planing, eatting, helpping, openning.
Correct: cutting, sitting, planning, eating, helping, opening

4-Do not use past progressive if the verb does not show an action (as opposed to a
state of being). Examples of verbs that are rarely in progressive tenses are: own,
possess, like, loved, need, want, have, seem, feel, be, prefer, remember, forget and
believe.
Wrong: From 2000 to 2007, I was owning two cars
Correct: From 2000 to 2007, I owned two cars.
Present Perfect Tense
Past action that is important to the present situation.

Form: have/has + PAST PARTICIPLE. (auxiliary verb according to subject)

Past Participle for regular verbs: Same as past tense form. Add –ed to the base form
of the verb according to the spelling rules.

Past Participle for irregular verbs:
- Common endings include –en, -ne or –n (chosen, done, and torn) but there are
   other possibilities:
- Some are the same for present, past and past participles (cut-cut-cut, put-put-put)
- Another pattern is different internal vowels (sing-sang-sung, ring-rang-rung)
- Students must memorize the irregular forms that are most commonly used.

                    Singular                 Plural
                    I have walked            we have walked
                    you have walked          you have walked
                    he/she/it has walked     they have walked
Present Perfect – Usage #1
Past action or situation that continues now. (affirmative or negative)

Example                                                          Key Words
Jose: How long have you worked at Carpet World?                  How Long

Sara: I’ve been there for 18 years. In fact, I’ve worked there   for + time
longer than any of my supervisors!

Jose: What do you do there?

Sara: I used to work on the assembly line, but since 1995,       since + time
I’ve been with the sales force in the front office.




                Past                Now                 Future
Present Perfect – Usage #2
Recent past action that is important to the situation.

Example                                                           Key Words
Amber: It’s hot in here. Why don’t you turn on the air
conditioner?

James: Actually, I’ve jut turned it on. We have to give it a      Just
few minutes to feel it. Can I help you with the reports?

Amber: Thanks, but I’ve already finished them. Here they          already
are.




                Past                Now                  Future
Present Perfect – Usage #3
Past Experience, Indefinite Past Time

Example                                                         Key Words
Katie: Susan’s just gotten back from China. She told me she
had a great time.

Sean: That’s wonderful news. She must be tired. That was a
really long trip.

Katie: I wonder how many hours it is from here to China.        Ever
Have you even gone there?

Sean : No I’ve never gone there, but my uncle had traveled Never
there many times. In fact, he went there last month. He had Many times
to go there on business.


                 Past               Now                Future
Present Perfect – Usage #4
With yet.

Example                                                          Key Words
Mike: We don’t have much time. Are you almost ready?

Kent: Give me a few more minutes, Mike.

Mike: What about the travel report and the salary sheets?        Yet (in a
Have you finished them yet?                                      question)

Kent: I’ve already finished the salary sheets, but I haven’t     Yet (in a
finished the travel report yet. I only need a few more           negative)
minutes, okay?



               Past                 Now                 Future
Present Perfect – Usage #5
With a superlative (Indicates Past Indefinite Action).

Example                                                           Key Words
Saleh: How was the movie you went to see last night?

Marcos: Don’t waste your money! That was the worst                The worst ever
movie that I have ever seen in my life.

Saleh: Wow, I’m surprised. You know its the most expensive        The most
movie that anyone in Hollywood has ever made.                     expensive ever

                Past                Now                  Future



               Past                 Now                  Future



               Past                 Now                  Future
Present Perfect – Usage #6
The First…The Third…. (Refers to a past indefinite time)
Connects the past event and the present time or a present event.


Example                                                          Key Words
Mother: Is that the third paper that you have had to write       The third...
for that class this semester?

Bernadette: Yes, but it’s the first paper that the teacher has   The first...
asked for



               Past                 Now                 Future
Present Perfect – Usage #7
Repetition of an action before now. (Exact time is not important)


Example                                                           Key Words
Weiping: Can you believe it? There’s another test next
Monday!

Paolo: It’s crazy! We’ve had six tests so far this month.         Six so far

Weiping: You know, my biology teacher has given only one          One this
test this semester.                                               semester

Paolo: I know the feeling I’ve had a lot of classes like that     A lot
here.

                Past                 Now                 Future
Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know.
1-Do not forget to use have or has with the past participle.
Wrong: I was born here and will die here. I been here my whole life.
Correct: I was born here and will die here. I have been here my whole life.

2- Don’t use have or has with the wrong subject
Wrong: Sarah have already completed all the homework.
Correct: Sarah has already completed all the homework.

3- Do not use be here with present perfect tense.
Wrong: Sarah is already completed all the homework.
Correct: Sarah has already completed all the homework.

4-Do not use present perfect with any specific past tense time words.
Wrong: I have gone to Mexico several times when I was in college.
Correct: I went to Mexico several times when I was in college.

5-Do not use simple past tense with actions that are still continuing.
Wrong: I lived in this same apartment since 1996.
Correct: I’ve lived in this same apartment since 1996.
Past Perfect Tense
Past actions that occurred before another past event, action or time.

Form: had + PAST PARTICIPLE

                Ex: I had walked along the beach before the sun set.




                Past               Now                 Future




                 Singular                 Plural
                 I had walked             we had walked
                 you had walked           you hadwalked
                 he/she/it had walked     they had walked
Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know.



1-Do not forget to use the past participle after had.
Wrong: I had work for the bus for almost 20 years.
Correct: I had worked for the bus for almost 20 years.

2- Do not use past tense when past perfect is required.
Wrong: When the company went bankrupt, I worked there 20 years.
Correct: When the company went bankrupt, I had worked there for 20 years.
Past Perfect Progressive Tense
An action that began in the past and continued until another time in the past.

Form: had + been + VERB+ - ing

Example: I had been walking on the trail for almost an hour when the rain started.



                Past                 Now                 Future




                       Singular            Plural
                       I walked            we walked
                       you walked          you walked
                       he/she/it walked    they walked
Used to and Would
    Used to express certain actions in the past..

    Used to:
    The idea that a past action happened repeatedly but is no longer (usually) done
    now.

    A past fact that is no longer true.

    Would:
    A past action that happened repeatedly but it is no longer (usually) done now.

Used to                  Used to                    Would                  Would
Singular                 Plural                     Singular               Plural
I used to walk           We used to walk            I would walk           We would walk
You used to walk         You used to walk           You would walk         You would walk
He/she/it used to        They used to walk          He/she/it would walk   They would walk
walk
Tense                                           Example
      Simple Past          SUBJ +did+not+VERB

    Present Perfect        I/you/we/they + have +not +PAST PARTICIPLE
                           He/she/it + has + not+ PAST PARTICIPLE
   Past Progressive        I/he/she/it + was +not+ VERB + –ing
                           You/we/they + were + not+ VERB + -ing
      Past Perfect         SUBJ + had + not + been + VERB + -ing

Past Perfect Progressive   SUBJ + had + not + been + VERB + -ing


        Used to            SUBJ + did + not + use to + VERB




        Would              SUBJ + would + not + VERB
Past Continuous – Lesson Plan
Objective - Have students recognize when the use of the the Past Continuous is
needed, and be able to use it correctly.

Steps
1. The students will be given strips of paper with actions written in the
past continuous. They will be asked to mimic and act out the actions
they have been given. Teacher will walk over to the door, let them act it
out for a few seconds and then turn off the light. When T turns on the
light SS will be asked to complete the following sentence
          “I was ______ when the teacher turned off the lights”
Class will go over it orally. Students will be asked to say what theywere
doing when the Teacher turned off the light.
2. Then, the class will go over orally what their classmates were doing.
      “ ’Fulan@’ was ______ when the teacher turned off the light”
3. Students will be paired off and asked to ask each other questions
about what they were doing and what their classmates were doing
when the teacher turned off the light.
4. They will then be asked to write sentences individually, on what they
were doing and what their classmates were doing.

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Julia Clark - Past Tenses

  • 1. ELL Grammar Key 3 – Past - Difficult for some ELLs, as some languages do not have verb tenses. - We need to help ELLs to figure out which verb form is most appropriate for the situation. Typical ELL Errors - According to the report, dozens of people did not received their tax information. - When I ate dinner last night, my uncle called me. - How many people did you talked to at the party? - By the time I was old enough to vote, I participated in two local campaigns. - Do you have ever flown on a 747 jumbo jet?
  • 2. Verb Tense / Expression Example Meaning Simple Past I ate dinner at 8 PM. A single past event. Past Progressive I was eating dinner when you A past action that was (Continuous) called. happening (when it was interrupted by another) Present Perfect I have eaten at that restaurant. A past action (indefinite time that could happen again) Past Perfect I had eaten dinner before you A past action that was called. completed before a second past action Past Perfect Progressive I had been eating dinner before An action that began in the past you called before a second past action (with emphasis on duration of the action) Used to and Would When I was still single, I used to Used to: an action that eat dinner in front of the TV. I happened many times in the would put my food on a plate past but is no longer true. and then take it to the small Frequently opens a past table in front of the TV. Then I’d narrative. eat dinner while I was watching TV. Now that I’m married, Would: smaller actions that things have changed and we happened repeatedly in a past eat at the dining room table. narrative but are no longer true
  • 3. Simple Past Tense An action that was completed in the past. Form: VERB+ed Problematic spelling; For verbs: - that end in -e already, just add the -d (live – lived) - that end in consonant +y, you change the -y to -i and add -ed (study – studied) - that end in vowel +y, just add -ed (play – played) - CVC - for verbs of one syllable that end in consonant + vowel + consonant, you double the last consonant and then add -ed. - for verbs of two syllables, double the last consonant before adding –ed, if the stress is on the second syllable (commit – commited) . - if the stress is on the first syllable we DO NOT double the final consonant (visit – visited) Singular Plural Past Now Future I walked we walked you walked you walked he/she/it walked they walked
  • 4. Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know. 1- Don’t use VERB or VERB + -s in the past tense. Don’t forget to use –ed. Wrong: Laura cooks scrambled eggs for breakfast yesterday. Correct: Laura cooked scrambled eggs for breakfast yesterday. 2- Do not use was/were with verbs (other than to be) in simple past tense. Wrong: I was walk to school yesterday. Correct: I walked to school yesterday. 3- Don’t forget to change –y to –i and add –ed Wrong: My baby sister cryed last night. Correct: My baby sister cried last night. 4- If a verb ends in consonant – vowel – consonant (C-V-C) (in its stressed syllable), don’t forget to double the consonant before adding –ed. Wrong: She stoped the car to answer her cell phone. Correct: She stopped the car to answer her cell phone.
  • 5. Past Progressive Tense An action that was happening when another action interrupted it. Form: was/were + VERB + -ing. The –ing form is called the present participle . Use was or were according to the subject Past Now Future Singular Plural I was walking we were walking you were walking you were walking he/she/it was walking they were walking
  • 6. Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know. 1-Do not use was/were and a verb without –ing. The –ing to indicate past progressive tense. Wrong: When I got my first job I was live in Los Angeles. Correct: When I got my first job I was living in Los Angeles. 2- Don’t mix up past progressive tense and simple past tense. Wrong: I cut the onions. Then I was putting them in the soup. Correct: I cut the onions. Then I put them in the soup. 3- Be careful with the spelling of the present participle. Wrong: cuting, siting, planing, eatting, helpping, openning. Correct: cutting, sitting, planning, eating, helping, opening 4-Do not use past progressive if the verb does not show an action (as opposed to a state of being). Examples of verbs that are rarely in progressive tenses are: own, possess, like, loved, need, want, have, seem, feel, be, prefer, remember, forget and believe. Wrong: From 2000 to 2007, I was owning two cars Correct: From 2000 to 2007, I owned two cars.
  • 7. Present Perfect Tense Past action that is important to the present situation. Form: have/has + PAST PARTICIPLE. (auxiliary verb according to subject) Past Participle for regular verbs: Same as past tense form. Add –ed to the base form of the verb according to the spelling rules. Past Participle for irregular verbs: - Common endings include –en, -ne or –n (chosen, done, and torn) but there are other possibilities: - Some are the same for present, past and past participles (cut-cut-cut, put-put-put) - Another pattern is different internal vowels (sing-sang-sung, ring-rang-rung) - Students must memorize the irregular forms that are most commonly used. Singular Plural I have walked we have walked you have walked you have walked he/she/it has walked they have walked
  • 8. Present Perfect – Usage #1 Past action or situation that continues now. (affirmative or negative) Example Key Words Jose: How long have you worked at Carpet World? How Long Sara: I’ve been there for 18 years. In fact, I’ve worked there for + time longer than any of my supervisors! Jose: What do you do there? Sara: I used to work on the assembly line, but since 1995, since + time I’ve been with the sales force in the front office. Past Now Future
  • 9. Present Perfect – Usage #2 Recent past action that is important to the situation. Example Key Words Amber: It’s hot in here. Why don’t you turn on the air conditioner? James: Actually, I’ve jut turned it on. We have to give it a Just few minutes to feel it. Can I help you with the reports? Amber: Thanks, but I’ve already finished them. Here they already are. Past Now Future
  • 10. Present Perfect – Usage #3 Past Experience, Indefinite Past Time Example Key Words Katie: Susan’s just gotten back from China. She told me she had a great time. Sean: That’s wonderful news. She must be tired. That was a really long trip. Katie: I wonder how many hours it is from here to China. Ever Have you even gone there? Sean : No I’ve never gone there, but my uncle had traveled Never there many times. In fact, he went there last month. He had Many times to go there on business. Past Now Future
  • 11. Present Perfect – Usage #4 With yet. Example Key Words Mike: We don’t have much time. Are you almost ready? Kent: Give me a few more minutes, Mike. Mike: What about the travel report and the salary sheets? Yet (in a Have you finished them yet? question) Kent: I’ve already finished the salary sheets, but I haven’t Yet (in a finished the travel report yet. I only need a few more negative) minutes, okay? Past Now Future
  • 12. Present Perfect – Usage #5 With a superlative (Indicates Past Indefinite Action). Example Key Words Saleh: How was the movie you went to see last night? Marcos: Don’t waste your money! That was the worst The worst ever movie that I have ever seen in my life. Saleh: Wow, I’m surprised. You know its the most expensive The most movie that anyone in Hollywood has ever made. expensive ever Past Now Future Past Now Future Past Now Future
  • 13. Present Perfect – Usage #6 The First…The Third…. (Refers to a past indefinite time) Connects the past event and the present time or a present event. Example Key Words Mother: Is that the third paper that you have had to write The third... for that class this semester? Bernadette: Yes, but it’s the first paper that the teacher has The first... asked for Past Now Future
  • 14. Present Perfect – Usage #7 Repetition of an action before now. (Exact time is not important) Example Key Words Weiping: Can you believe it? There’s another test next Monday! Paolo: It’s crazy! We’ve had six tests so far this month. Six so far Weiping: You know, my biology teacher has given only one One this test this semester. semester Paolo: I know the feeling I’ve had a lot of classes like that A lot here. Past Now Future
  • 15. Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know. 1-Do not forget to use have or has with the past participle. Wrong: I was born here and will die here. I been here my whole life. Correct: I was born here and will die here. I have been here my whole life. 2- Don’t use have or has with the wrong subject Wrong: Sarah have already completed all the homework. Correct: Sarah has already completed all the homework. 3- Do not use be here with present perfect tense. Wrong: Sarah is already completed all the homework. Correct: Sarah has already completed all the homework. 4-Do not use present perfect with any specific past tense time words. Wrong: I have gone to Mexico several times when I was in college. Correct: I went to Mexico several times when I was in college. 5-Do not use simple past tense with actions that are still continuing. Wrong: I lived in this same apartment since 1996. Correct: I’ve lived in this same apartment since 1996.
  • 16. Past Perfect Tense Past actions that occurred before another past event, action or time. Form: had + PAST PARTICIPLE Ex: I had walked along the beach before the sun set. Past Now Future Singular Plural I had walked we had walked you had walked you hadwalked he/she/it had walked they had walked
  • 17. Common ELLs Mistakes: What your ELLs should know. 1-Do not forget to use the past participle after had. Wrong: I had work for the bus for almost 20 years. Correct: I had worked for the bus for almost 20 years. 2- Do not use past tense when past perfect is required. Wrong: When the company went bankrupt, I worked there 20 years. Correct: When the company went bankrupt, I had worked there for 20 years.
  • 18. Past Perfect Progressive Tense An action that began in the past and continued until another time in the past. Form: had + been + VERB+ - ing Example: I had been walking on the trail for almost an hour when the rain started. Past Now Future Singular Plural I walked we walked you walked you walked he/she/it walked they walked
  • 19. Used to and Would Used to express certain actions in the past.. Used to: The idea that a past action happened repeatedly but is no longer (usually) done now. A past fact that is no longer true. Would: A past action that happened repeatedly but it is no longer (usually) done now. Used to Used to Would Would Singular Plural Singular Plural I used to walk We used to walk I would walk We would walk You used to walk You used to walk You would walk You would walk He/she/it used to They used to walk He/she/it would walk They would walk walk
  • 20. Tense Example Simple Past SUBJ +did+not+VERB Present Perfect I/you/we/they + have +not +PAST PARTICIPLE He/she/it + has + not+ PAST PARTICIPLE Past Progressive I/he/she/it + was +not+ VERB + –ing You/we/they + were + not+ VERB + -ing Past Perfect SUBJ + had + not + been + VERB + -ing Past Perfect Progressive SUBJ + had + not + been + VERB + -ing Used to SUBJ + did + not + use to + VERB Would SUBJ + would + not + VERB
  • 21. Past Continuous – Lesson Plan Objective - Have students recognize when the use of the the Past Continuous is needed, and be able to use it correctly. Steps 1. The students will be given strips of paper with actions written in the past continuous. They will be asked to mimic and act out the actions they have been given. Teacher will walk over to the door, let them act it out for a few seconds and then turn off the light. When T turns on the light SS will be asked to complete the following sentence “I was ______ when the teacher turned off the lights” Class will go over it orally. Students will be asked to say what theywere doing when the Teacher turned off the light. 2. Then, the class will go over orally what their classmates were doing. “ ’Fulan@’ was ______ when the teacher turned off the light” 3. Students will be paired off and asked to ask each other questions about what they were doing and what their classmates were doing when the teacher turned off the light. 4. They will then be asked to write sentences individually, on what they were doing and what their classmates were doing.