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P l a s m a
The Components of Plasma: 1.)  Water  (H 2 O)  = 90 – 92 % of plasma volume 2.)  “Non-nutrient” Proteins  = 7 % of plasma  volume The non-nutrient proteins are made up of three major groups:
A.  Albumin  – This is the largest fraction of the non-nutrient proteins.  It accounts for about  60%  of the total.  They are the smallest of these proteins and are formed in the  liver .  Their  main function  is in the regulation of  osmotic pressure  in the blood.  Osmotic pressure can be translated as “ water ”  pressure .  Albumin only exists in the blood so as water leaks out of the blood vessels, much of it passes back into the blood vessels by osmosis.  The water that does not pass back by osmosis is recovered by the  lymphatic system .
B.  Globulin  – This is the second largest fraction of the non-nutrient proteins.  It accounts for about  36%  of the total.  There are three primary types of globulin proteins: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Alpha  and  Beta  globulins are formed in the  liver  and aid in the  transport of lipids and fat soluble vitamins  in the blood.  Gamma  globulins are produced by “ plasma cells ” located in the  lymph nodes  and are the proteins that function as  immunoglobulins  or  antibodies .
Chylomicrons  – Transport  dietary fats  to muscles and adipose tissue.  Measured as triglycerides in a blood test. An important “aside”: Examples of “fat” carrying molecules (globulins) in plasma called  Lipoproteins : Very low-density Lipoproteins (VLDL)  – transport  triglycerides  that are made  from excess carbohydrates  in the diet from the liver to adipose tissue. Low-density Lipoproteins (LDL)  – Main  cholesterol  carrier in the body.  Remnant of VLDL’s.  Also called the “ bad ”  cholesterol . High-density lipoprotein (HDL)  – Transport the remainder of  chylomicrons  after they lose the triglyceride to the liver.  called “ good ”  cholesterol .
[object Object],Back to the non-nutrient proteins: fibrin
A Continuation of the Components of Plasma (with review first): 1.)  Water  (H 2 O)  = 90 – 92 % of plasma volume 2.)  “Non-nutrient” Proteins  = 7 % of plasma  volume a.  Albumin b.  Globulins i.  alpha  globulin   ii.  beta  globulin   iii.  gamma  globulin c.  Fibrinogen
3.  Minerals  – Dissolved  salts  that form such ions as Na +1 , K +1 , Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Cl -1 , PO 4 -3 , F -1 , and I -1  that, when dissolved, are called “ electrolytes ”. 4.  Dissolved Gasses  – These gasses, such as CO 2 , N 2 , or O 2 , are dissolved in the water of plasma and are  NOT  carried by R.B.C. 5.  Nutrients  – There are three major types within this category.  These are  glucose ,  fatty acids , and  amino acids .
Remember!!! The  three (3)  different types of “calorie containing”  nutrients : Glucose  which comes from  carbohydrates   Fatty acids  which come from  lipids  which are  fats  and  oils Amino acids  which come from  proteins
7.  Other Substances  – hormones  (erythropoietin, insulin, glucagon, etc),  antibodies  (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM),  enzymes, vitamins, etc. 6.  Metabolic Waste Products  – Examples would be urea or uric acid  (both from protein metabolism) , lactic acid  (from anaerobic metabolism of glucose),  or various ketones  (from excess fatty acid metabolism).
1.)  Water  (H 2 O) 3.)  Minerals 4.)  Dissolved Gasses 5.)  Nutrients 7.  Other Substances 6.  Metabolic Waste Products 2.)  “Non-nutrient” Proteins   a.  Albumin b.  Globulins i.  alpha  globulin ii.  beta  globulin iii.  gamma  globulin c.  Fibrinogen ~ 91% water Plasma Composition Summary: ~ 7% non-nutrient protein ~ 2% everything else Packed red cells Buffy coat Plasma

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Plasma

  • 1. P l a s m a
  • 2. The Components of Plasma: 1.) Water (H 2 O) = 90 – 92 % of plasma volume 2.) “Non-nutrient” Proteins = 7 % of plasma volume The non-nutrient proteins are made up of three major groups:
  • 3. A. Albumin – This is the largest fraction of the non-nutrient proteins. It accounts for about 60% of the total. They are the smallest of these proteins and are formed in the liver . Their main function is in the regulation of osmotic pressure in the blood. Osmotic pressure can be translated as “ water ” pressure . Albumin only exists in the blood so as water leaks out of the blood vessels, much of it passes back into the blood vessels by osmosis. The water that does not pass back by osmosis is recovered by the lymphatic system .
  • 4.
  • 5. Chylomicrons – Transport dietary fats to muscles and adipose tissue. Measured as triglycerides in a blood test. An important “aside”: Examples of “fat” carrying molecules (globulins) in plasma called Lipoproteins : Very low-density Lipoproteins (VLDL) – transport triglycerides that are made from excess carbohydrates in the diet from the liver to adipose tissue. Low-density Lipoproteins (LDL) – Main cholesterol carrier in the body. Remnant of VLDL’s. Also called the “ bad ” cholesterol . High-density lipoprotein (HDL) – Transport the remainder of chylomicrons after they lose the triglyceride to the liver. called “ good ” cholesterol .
  • 6.
  • 7. A Continuation of the Components of Plasma (with review first): 1.) Water (H 2 O) = 90 – 92 % of plasma volume 2.) “Non-nutrient” Proteins = 7 % of plasma volume a. Albumin b. Globulins i. alpha globulin ii. beta globulin iii. gamma globulin c. Fibrinogen
  • 8. 3. Minerals – Dissolved salts that form such ions as Na +1 , K +1 , Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Cl -1 , PO 4 -3 , F -1 , and I -1 that, when dissolved, are called “ electrolytes ”. 4. Dissolved Gasses – These gasses, such as CO 2 , N 2 , or O 2 , are dissolved in the water of plasma and are NOT carried by R.B.C. 5. Nutrients – There are three major types within this category. These are glucose , fatty acids , and amino acids .
  • 9. Remember!!! The three (3) different types of “calorie containing” nutrients : Glucose which comes from carbohydrates Fatty acids which come from lipids which are fats and oils Amino acids which come from proteins
  • 10. 7. Other Substances – hormones (erythropoietin, insulin, glucagon, etc), antibodies (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM), enzymes, vitamins, etc. 6. Metabolic Waste Products – Examples would be urea or uric acid (both from protein metabolism) , lactic acid (from anaerobic metabolism of glucose), or various ketones (from excess fatty acid metabolism).
  • 11. 1.) Water (H 2 O) 3.) Minerals 4.) Dissolved Gasses 5.) Nutrients 7. Other Substances 6. Metabolic Waste Products 2.) “Non-nutrient” Proteins a. Albumin b. Globulins i. alpha globulin ii. beta globulin iii. gamma globulin c. Fibrinogen ~ 91% water Plasma Composition Summary: ~ 7% non-nutrient protein ~ 2% everything else Packed red cells Buffy coat Plasma