Self efficieny

2. Presented By
Mohammad Faizan Abrar

3. Introduction
Self efficacy theory is also known as Social cognitive theory or social
learning theory.
This theory was given by Albert Bandura.
It refers to an individuals' belief that he or she is capable of
performing a task.
The higher the self efficacy, the more confidence a person has in his
abilities.

4. Theories
 Social cognitive theory.
 Social learning theory.
 Self-concept theory.
 Attribution theory.

5. Social Cognitive Theory
Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as one's belief in
one's ability to succeed in specific situations. One's sense of self-
efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and
challenges. The theory of self-efficacy lies at the center of Bandura’s
social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the role of observational
learning and social experience in the development of personality. The
main concept in social cognitive theory is that an individual’s actions
and reactions, including social behaviors and cognitive processes, in
almost every situation are influenced by the actions that individual has
observed in others.

6. Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory describes the acquisition of skills that are
developed exclusively or primarily within a social group. Social
learning depends on how individuals either succeed or fail at dynamic
interactions within groups, and promotes the development of
individual emotional and practical skills as well as accurate
perception of self and acceptance of others. According to this theory,
people learn from one another through observation, imitation, and
modeling. Self-efficacy reflects an individual’s understanding of what
skills he/she can offer in a group setting.

7. Self-concept theory
Self-concept theory seeks to explain how people perceive and
interpret their own existence from clues they receive from external
sources, focusing on how these impressions are organized and how
they are active throughout life. Successes and failures are closely
related to the ways in which people have learned to view
themselves and their relationships with others. This theory
describes self-concept as learned (i.e., not present at birth);
organized (in the way it is applied to the self); and dynamic (i.e.,
ever-changing, and not fixed at a certain age)

8. Attribution Theory
• Locus is the location of the perceived cause. If the locus is internal
(dispositional), feelings of self-esteem and self-efficacy will be
enhanced by success and diminished by failure.
• Stability describes whether the cause is perceived as static or dynamic
over time. It is closely related to expectations and goals, in that when
people attribute their failures to stable factors such as the difficulty of a
task, they will expect to fail in that task in the future.
• Controllability describes whether a person feels actively in control of
the cause. Failing at a task one thinks one cannot control can lead to
feelings of humiliation, shame, and/or anger

10. Sources of Self-efficacy
According to Bandura, there are four major sources of self-
efficacy.
 Mastery Experiences
 Social Modeling
 Social Persuasion
 Psychological Responses

11. Mastery Experiences
The most effective way of developing a strong sense of efficacy is
through mastery experiences.
Performing a task successfully strengthens our sense of self efficacy.
However, failing to adequately deal with a task or challenge can
undermine and weaken self-efficacy.

12. Social Modeling
Witnessing other people successfully completing a task is another
important source of self-efficacy.
Seeing people similar to oneself succeed by sustained effort raises
observers' beliefs that they too possess the capabilities master
comparable activities to succeed.

13. Social Persuasion
Bandura also asserted that people could be influenced to belief that
they have the skills and capabilities to succeed.
Consider a time when someone said something positive and
encouraging that helped you achieve a goal.
Getting verbal encouragement from others helps people overcome self-
doubt and instead focus on giving their best effort to the task at hand.

14. Psychological Responses
Our own responses and emotional reactions to situations also play
an important role in self efficacy.
Moods, emotional states, physical reactions, and stress levels can all
impact how a person feels about their personal abilities in a
particular situation.
A person who becomes extremely nervous before speaking in public
may develop a weak sense of self-efficacy in these situations.

15. People with a Weak Sense of
Self-Efficacy
 Avoid challenging tasks.
 believe that difficult tasks
and situations are beyond
their capabilities.
 Focus on personal failings
and negative outcomes.
 Quickly lose confidence
in personal abilities.
People with a Strong Sense of
Self-Efficacy
 View challenging problems as
tasks to be mastered.
 Develop deeper interest in the
activities in which they
participate.
 Form a stronger sense of
commitment to their interests
and activities.
 Recover quickly from setbacks
and disappointments.