Esitetty RYM Oy:n, GBC Finlandin ja ympäristöministeriön Aidot hankkeet nZEBiin -työpajassa 22.8.2013.

1. Työpaja “Aidot hankkeet nZEB:iin”
Jarek Kurnitski
Full Professor, Tallinn University of Technology
Adjunct Professor, Aalto University
Vice-president REHVA
jarek.kurnitski@ttu.ee
www.nzeb.ee
nZEB - FIN, 22.8.2013

2. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
REHVA nZEB
technical definition
– 2013 revision
CLIMA 2013, 19.6.2013

3. © Sitra
• Kirja ei pelkästään uusista
määräyksistä vaan myös
hyvistä suunnittelu-
käytännöistä
• n. 100 s. + liitteet
• Pääpaino asuinrakennuksissa
• Myynyt yli 1000 kpl
10.5.2012Jarek Kurnitski

4. nZEB kirja 2013
§ Matalaenergia- ja lähes
nollaenergiarakennukset –
toimistorakennusten
perusratkaisut
luonnossuunnittelu-
vaiheessa
§ Suunnitteluprosessin ja
teknisten ratkaisujen erot
verrattuna tavanomaiseen
suunnittelukäytäntöön
§ Kohderyhmä: tilaajat,
rakennuttajat, arkkitehdit,
rakenne- ja talotekniikka-
suunnittelijat, urakoitsijat,
opiskelijat jne.

5. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
nZEB def is based on detailed system boundaries
• System
boundaries
(SB)
for
energy
need,
energy
use
and
delivered
and
exported
energy
calcula<on.
The
last
one
may
be
interpreted
as
the
building
site
boundary.
• Demand
reduc<on
measures
can
be
dis<nguished
from
RE
solu<ons
in
the
energy
use
SB,
not
in
the
delivered/exported
energy
SB

6. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
System boundary for nearby RE
• System boundary for nearby RE plants contractually linked to the building
(a share of the capacity/production can be linked to the building)
• National legislation needed to allocate new RE capacity to the building/
developement with a long term contract

7. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
nZEB definitions’ situation
• European definitions following EPBD recast:
– REHVA 2013 – REHVA has revised its nZEB technical definition
and set of system boundaries for primary energy indicator and RER
calculation in cooperation with CEN, Report No 4, www.rehva.eu
– CEN is working with overarching EPBD standard prEN 15603:2013,
which will include calculation bases for primary energy and RER
• National definitions – Concerted Action CA EPBD (March 2013
data) has collected detailed information from 19 countries:
– of which six have their national application of the nZEB definition
included in a legal document (Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania,
Slovak Republic and France)
– six other countries have their application developed, but not yet
fixed in a legal document
– and the remaining seven countries have documented their current
plans

8. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
Towards nearly zero energy buildings
Denmark
Characteris+c
values
Energy
frame
2010
Energy
frame
2015
Energy
frame
2020
nZEB
Maximum
of
primary
energy
to
Residen<al
buildings
(houses,
hotels,
etc.)
52.5
+
1650/A
in
kWh/
m²a
30
+
1000/
A
in
kWh/
m²a
20
kWh/
m²a
Non-­‐residen<al
buildings
(offices,
schools,
ins<tu<ons
and
other
buildings)
71.3
+
1650/A
in
kWh/
m²a
41
+
1000/
A
in
kWh/
m²a
25
kWh/
m²a
Primary
energy
factors
Electricity
2.5
2.5
1.8
District
hea<ng
1.0
0.8
0.6

9. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
Towards nearly zero energy buildings
Estonia
Primary energy requirements for 9 building types (apply from Jan 9, 2013)
nZEB Low
energy Min.req.
new Min.req.
maj.ren.
A B C
(cost
opt.) D
(cost
opt.)
kWh/(m2
a) kWh/(m2
a) kWh/(m2
a) kWh/(m2
a)
Detached
houses 50 120 160 210
Apartment
buildings 100 120 150 180
Office
buildings 100 130 160 210
• nZEB and low energy requirements officially given (not yet mandatory)
• Primary energy conversion factors:
– Electricity 2.0
– Fossil fuels 1.0
– District heat 0.9
– Renewable fuels 0.75

10. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
nZEB case studies

11. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations!
Common nZEB components in:
Central Europe vs. North Europe
• Large windows for max daylight to
save lighting electricity
• Moderate insulation (Uwindow=1.1 ,
Uwall=0.30)
• More cooling need than heating need
• External solar shading
• “Glass” buildings with external shading
possible
• Free cooling combined with
compressor cooling or solar cooling
• Water based distribution system for
cooling (or VRV)
• Heat recovery ventilation
• Demand controlled ventilation and
lighting
• PV panels
• Small windows for lowest acceptable
average daylight factor
• Highly insulated envelope (Uwindow =0.6…
0.8, Uwall=0,15)
• Slightly less cooling but a lot of heating
• External shading for low solar angle
• Double skin façade to be used for “glass”
buildings
• 100% free cooling possible with borehole
water
• Water based distribution systems for
heating and cooling (or VRV)
• Heat recovery ventilation
• Demand controlled ventilation and
lighting
• PV panels

12. Joint nZEB research group of TUT and Aalto

13. Some outcomes of nZEB group
International
• Preparation of European nZEB technical definition for uniformed
national implementation of EPBD – REHVA nZEB definition 2013
(Chairing the REHVA nZEB task force and cooperation with CEN)
• Comparative analyses of Estonian and Nordic building codes regarding
energy performance minimum requirements
Estonia
• Contribution to preparation of the Estonian regulation on minimum
energy performance requirements and calculation methodology
(revision of the minimum requirements, governmental act VV No
68:2012 and a new act of calculation methodology MKM No 63:2012)
• Guide for low energy and nearly zero energy buildings – technical
solutions for scoping and conceptual design stage (about 100 pages for
construction clients, architects, contractors and other decision makers,
printed book March 2013).

14. How to compare energy reqs?
Apartment and office buildings (1/2013 data)
§ Maximum allowed delivered energy for heating, hot water and
ventilation systems in apartment buildings and for office buildings
(lighting included) with district heating
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Denmark Norway Sweden Estonia Finland
Maxdeliveredenergy,kWh/(m2a)
Apartment building
Office building

15. Some outcomes of nZEB group
Research
• Low temperature radiator heating systems – detailed dynamic modeling
for quantification and control of distribution and emission losses in low
energy buildings
• Fenestration design principles in a cold climate for office buildings with
the focus on daylight, heating and cooling energy and lighting electricity
• Development and validation of simplified energy performance
compliance assessment method based on specific heat loss correlation
and used in Estonian regulation
• Quantification of environmental and economic impacts for main
categories of building labeling schemes in Estonian context

16. Plans for 2013-2014
§ Expand to Aalto university – TUT-Aalto joint
nZEB, dual professor and dual Phd-students
§ Field measurements in TUT new nZEB
technological test facility – low E heating
solutions, GSHP collectors
§ Rakvere Smart Building CC nZEB case study
§ Continue with ongoing research topics:
§ Facades (solar shading/control)
§ Radiator heating with heat pump
§ Building labeling/performance
§ New topics:
§ Building envelope integrated collectors
§ Boreholes/GSHP – energy pile applications
§ nZEB concepts/solutions for res and non-res
§ nZEB pilot buildings benchmarking (REHVA)
§ Daylight design methods
§ Energy and IEQ commissioning
§ Durability of facades
§ Air tightness/radon