2. Food Insecurity in Protracted
Crises, and identifying practical
next steps
Dr. Javed Rizvi
Country Program Manager
Afghanistan Program
ICARDA

3. Commonalities?
The causes of conflicts in PC and 2 PC
countries vary but include mainly historical
ethnic animosity, internal political
subjugation, international political alliances,
governance issues, economic disparities, non-
enabaling policies, and control of resources –
Kigali movement, September, 2012

4. Afghanistan qualifies all in one as
conflict, post-conflict and
protracted crisis country
Offers a unique opportunity to
understand and tackle the
challenges in other 2 PC countries
Experiences and success stories
can be out scaled to other 2PC
countries

5. Timeline of Conflict
0
27
11
9
5
1
10
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1926 1953 1964 1973 1978 1979 1985 1989 1992 2001
No.ofyears
Major unrest/ changes

7. Crisis response
Resilience building

8. • Based on climatic conditions (mainly rains)
country IMPORTS 0.5 – 1.0 million Mt food
• Malnutrition is high, specially among
children, women and elderly (about 40 %)
• Forage / fodder is in acute short supply
adversely affecting the livestock production
• In most areas, farming is one crop/ year

9. Improving Food Security: A multi-
stakeholder partnership approach
• Local, provincial & national
Governments ( if resent)
• Local community leaders
• Formal and informal village
councils
• Farmer enterprises
• Community based
organizations
• Regional friendly countries
and science forum
• IRCs, CGIAR centers
• Not only food but both food
and nutritional security
Farmer participatory
selection & catalyzed
adoption

10. Reduced Yield gaps
Wheat

11. WHY
Poor adoption?
• Poor extension
services
• Lack of knowledge –
low interest
• Un-availability of
seeds of new varieties
• Poor linkages
between Research &
development programs

12. Accelerated adoption of newly released
mung bean varieties in Afghanistan
0 40
3000
0.15
3.5
80
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2008 2009 2010
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Hectare
Seed (Mt)
Donor
Developmental
Agency
VBSE
NARS

13. Village Based Seed Enterprise: 35 established in 8 provinces
IFAD will be funding additional 12more in three provinces
Village Based Seed Enterprise: Producing more than 30 % of
the certified seed produced in the country

14. Enhancing income: Increasing access to food
Goat management & feeding in Afghanistan
• More than 1500 women received goats
• Dairy hygiene and processing improved skills and incomes of at
least 1500 women
• 3 times higher benefits by supplemental feeding of goats
• 2 times benefit through improved feeding during fattening
• 3 times increase in kid survival due to vaccinations
• Improved family income leading to higher access to food

15. Increased participation of women & youth

16. Off-farm income : Increased access to food

17. Types of
training
Number of
Trainings
Researchers,
extension workers;
Farmers trained
Male Female Total
In-country 30 611 3683 4294
Abroad 23 70 04 74
Field days 13 1033 20 1053
Grand total 66 1714 3707 5421
CAPAPCITY DEVELOPMENT (2011-2012)

18. CAPAITY DEVELOPMENT

19. • Individual: ST?, MT, LT
– Post training support
– Enabling environment
– Internships, sabbatical, seconding of staff
• Institutional: ST, MT, LT
– Retention of trained staff
– Sustainable movement
– Embedding Regional Mentors “ongoing hand-on-
training”
– Full utilization of training opportunities
– Diversification of funding base
– Client driven CD approach

20. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
• Farmer and farming community : ST/ MT
– Regular follow ups hand on trainings
– Audio visual aids, not only printed material
• Work continuity when staff attends
training
– Training opportunities linked with appointing
local/ regional retired scientists to fill the gap
– This will addresses work continuity, and
mentoring others on technical and resource
mobilization issues

21. Next step----
• Follow up on 4 outcomes of Kigali workshop
• Outcome 1: A Consultative Learning Platform
for cooperation between “Protracted Crisis
Countries” (PCC) in Africa and Asia
• Two tier approach on crisis response and
resilience building
• Initiation of a pilot project/ program on CD
based on a multi-stakeholder partnership
(local, regional, international)