1. Agroforestry in the Era of the
Sustainable Development
Goals…and Beyond
Dennis Garrity

2. Sustainable Development Goals
• Food security
• Poverty eradication
• Health
• Gender equity
• Universal Education
• Reversing land degradation
• Climate change resilience
• Biodiversity conservation
• Energy for all

3. Trend in non-climate related net primary productivity
1981–2006. Conijn et al 2013.
New post-2015 Sustainable Development Goal:
Zero Net Land Degradation by 2030

4. Five million hectares of croplands now dominated
by fertilizer-fodder-fuewood trees in Niger

5. A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands

6. A Desertifying Landscape
Southern Niger in the 1980s

8. The albida halo effect
• Microclimate buffering
• Soil fertility improvement

9. Microclimatic variation:
Crop Canopy Temperature

10. African farmers have shown us the way to successfully
integrate trees into cropping systems:
When will we catch up and fully deploy their insights?

11. Evergreen agriculture with Faidherbia albida in Zambia.

13. FaidherbiaGliricidia
Maize
stubble
Faidherbi
a
Gliricidia
Maize
DRY SEASON
WET SEASON
Fertilizer-Fodder-Fuelwood Trees
in Food Crop Production Systems

14. EverGreen Agriculture
Connecting with the
Hard-Core Aggies to
Transform Food Crop Production Systems

15. Guess who said this:
“Some people say ‘Give the customers what they
want.’ But that’s not my approach. Our job is to
figure out what they’re going to want before they
do.
“Henry Ford once said ‘If I’d asked customers
what they wanted they would have said ‘A faster
horse.’

16. “People don’t know what they want until you
show it to them.
“That’s why I never rely on market research. Our
task is to read things thatn are not yet on the
page.”

17. “People don’t know what they want until you
show it to them.
“That’s why I never rely on market research. Our
task is to read things thatn are not yet on the
page.”
-- Steve Jobs

18. Wheat production with walnut trees
France

19. Types of Evergreen Agriculture
1. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR)
on cropland
2. Conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT)
3. Conventional food crop production interplanted
with trees

20. Major agroforestry regions in West Africa and
directions of expansion

21. 17 Countries
engaged in
EverGreen
Agriculture
in Africa
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration
Conservation Agriculture with trees
Trees interplanted in conventional tilled
cropland
Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration +
Trees interplanted in conventional tilled
cropland

22. EverGreen Agriculture Partnership

23. What do we need to do to fully mobilize
for the upcoming global revolution in
agroforestry upscaling?
• Urgent need to map agroforestry across
the world at global, regional, and national
scales
• Create a Global Agroforestry Assessment
based on national assessments
• Develop a global plan to upscale
agroforestry
• Staff up in linking agroforestry science to

24. The Perennialization of
Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable
planet.

25. The Holy Grail of
Agroforestry Genomics:
Identifying and Manipulating the
Genes for Reverse Phenology

27. Total Global Emissions are accelerating
…but land-based emissions are declining
Land-use change black line: Includes management-climate interactions
Source: Le Quéré et al. 2012; Global Carbon Project 2012

29. The Perennialization of
Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable
planet.

30. The Perennialization of
Agriculture
… at the heart of a truly sustainable
planet.

31. For More Information
World Agroforestry Centre
www.worldagroforestry.org
Evergreen Agriculture web site
www.evergreenagriculture.net
Email contacts:
d.garrity@cgiar.org

32. Channels for Reducing Vulnerability
1. Buffer crop production from drought stress
-- Sustain higher and more stable yields
by more favorable microclimate
-- Conserve and enhance soil organic matter,
infiltration and water holding capacity
2. Tree crops generally less severely affected by
drought, heat, excess water
3. Greater diversity of income sources

33. Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration on crop fields: Initial Stages

34. A Parkland Renaissance on Niger farmlands

35. The albida halo effect
• Microclimate buffering
• Soil fertility improvement

36. Zero Net Land Degradation
Classify all land into three categories:
– Degrading
– Regenerating
– Stable
Monitor land degradation and regeneration in terms
of biomass production.
Calculate the ratio: Regenerating/Degrading
The target is a ratio exceeding 1.0

37. What is Evergreen Agriculture?
A form of more intensive farming that
integrates trees into crop and livestock
production systems.
Evergreen farming systems are ‘double- story’
systems that feature both perennial and
annual species (food crops and trees),
maintaining a green cover on the land
throughout the year.

38. Wheat production with Paulownia trees
> 3 m hectares in China

39. Training for farmer
groups
curricula material for
universities and technical
colleges improved
Improved government
policies
Improved
technical
capacity of
extension
and
government
scaling up
efforts
Improved
communications and
awareness
Provision of
products
and
services by
the Private
sector
Technical and
institutional
capacity built
to support
spread of
EverGreen
Agriculture
Collaboration
between
organisations
supporting
EverGreen
Agriculture
EverGreen Agriculture PartnershipEverGreen Agriculture Partnership