2. Present Simple Tense
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense
Past Simple Tense
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense
Future Simple Tense
Future Continous Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Continous Tense
Past Future Simple Tense
Past Future Continous Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense

3. Present Simple Tense is used to :
a. Express the activities that always repeated/habitual action.
Example : -I always get up at 5 o’ clock every morning.
-We go to school on foot everyday.
-They study for two hours every night.
b.Express an action which tell us a general truth.
Example : -The sun rises in the east.
-The earth goes around the sun.
-The world is round.
c. An events that are scheduled at times that will come.
Example :-The festival starts at seven o’ clock next Sunday.
-What time do you go to Japan?

4. • First Formula :
a.Positive (+): Subject + Base verb (s/es) + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base verb + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Do/Does + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) He speaks English every day.
(-) He does not speak English every day.
(?) Does he speak English every day?
• Second Formula :
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Not + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Is/Am/Are + Subject + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) You are a high school student.
(-) You are not a high school student.
(?) Are you a high school student?
NOTE!
 Subject Plural : (I,You,They,We) We used base verb without adding s/es.
 Subject Singular : (He,She,It) We used base verb with adding s/es.
 He = Boy, She = Girl, It =Things and animals.
FORMULA AND NOTE

5. Present Continous Tense is used to :
a.Express the events that was taking place at this time.
Example : -They are playing chess now.
-She is reading a novel at the moment.
b. Talk activities or used to express something definitely and clearly be done in the
future time.
Example : -I am going to enter college next year.
-We are waiting for you tomorrow.
c. Declare events that are being developed at the time and the event is unlimited.
Example : -The prices are going up.
-The weather is getting warmer.

6. • Formula:
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Present participle + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Present participle + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Is/Am/Are + Subject + Present participle +
Object/Complement
*Example : (+) I am speaking Mandarin.
(-) I am not speaking Mandarin.
(?) Am i speaking Mandarin?
NOTE!
 Present participle is :
Base verb + ing
Example : Jump – Jumping
Play – Playing
Talk –Talking
 For I used am
 For He,She,It used is
 For You,We,They used are
Example : I am a girl.
He is naughty.
We are twins.
FORMULA AND NOTE

7. Present perfect Tense is used to :
a.Declare an activities that have been completed within the time is not specified in the
past and it is still felt to this day.
Example : -I have finished my work and now i am very tired.
-She has lost her book and she hasn’t bought it yet.
b. Declare the activity or event that started in the past and still continues to this day
by using the information of the time that tell the activity begin.
Example : -They have lived in Padang since 1998.
-He has been in the bus station for half an hour.
c. Declare the activity or event that started in the past time and ended speaking now
by using time information.
Example : -We have already finished the painting.
-You have just completed the assignment.

8. FORMULA AND NOTE
• First Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Have/Has + Past participle + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Have/Has + Not + Past pariciple + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Have/Has + Subject + Past participle + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) She has written a novel.
(-) She has not written a novel.
(?) Has she witten a novel?
• Second Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Have/Has + Been + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Have/Has + Subject + Been + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) You have been in college since last year.
(-) You have not been in college since last year.
(?) Have you been in college since last year?
• NOTE!
 Subject Plural : (I,You,We,They) used Have
 Subject Singular : (He,She,It) used Has

9. Present Perfect Continous Tense is used to:
a. Declare the activity that started in the past and still continues to this day by
using time information.
Example : -We have been studying English since last semester up to now.
-She has been writting letter for an hour.
b. Declare an event which has been going on by using time information.
Example : -They have been living in Denpasar since 1999.
-Allan has been washing the car for quarter an hour.
-How long have we been practicing the dialogue?

10. FORMULA AND NOTE
• Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Have/Has + been + Present participle + Object/
Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Present participle + Object
/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Have/Has + Subject + Been + Present participle + Object/
Complement
*Example : (+) She has been playing chess for half an hour.
(-) She has not been playing chess for half an hour.
(?) Has she been playing chess for half an hour?
NOTE!
Subject Plural : (I,You,We,They) used Have
Subject Singular : (He,She,It) used Has

11. Past Simple Tense is used to :
a. Express the activities or events that occurred during
the past time by using the time information.
Example : -We played basketball last week.
-She wrote a letter an hour ago.
b. Express the activity that occurred during past time
without a clear description of time.
Example : -We did not play chess.
-She wrote a novel.

12. FORMULA AND NOTE
• First Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Past verb + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Did+ Not + Base verb + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Did + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) I bought a bike yesterday.
(-) I did not buy a bike yesterday.
(?) Did i buy a bike yesterday?
• Second Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Was/Were + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Was/Were + Not + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Was/Were + Subject + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) We were high school students last year.
(-) We were not high school students last year.
(?) Were we high school students last year?
NOTE!
 I can be used Was or Were
 He,She itu used Was
 You,We,They used Were

13. Past Continous Tense is used to :
a. Declare the ongoing activity when another activity occurs in time past by
using time information.
Example : -We were playing football when we saw our new English teacher
last week
-She felt asleep while she was doing her homework last night.
b. Declare the ongoing activity in the past by using information that is not a
time specific.
Example : -We were painting the fence at this time last week.
-He was washing his car at the moment.

14. FORMULA AND NOTE
• Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Was/Were + Present participle + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Was/Were + Not + Present participle +
Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Was/Were + Subject + Present participle +
Object/Complement
*Example : (+) He was reading a magazine.
(-) He was not reading a magazine.
(?) Was he reading a magazine?
NOTE!
Subject Plural : (I,You,We,They) used Were
Subject Singular : (He,She,It) used Was

15. Past Perfect Tense is used to :
a. Declare activities that have been completed
before another activity that takes place in the
past by using time information.
Example : -We had gone to the cinema when
Danish won the game.
-Syifa had finished her exam at the time
I left the classroom.

16. FORMULA
• First Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Had + Past pasrticiple + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Had + Not + Past participle + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Had + Subject + Past participle + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) They had graduated from high school when their friend got married.
(-) They had not graduated from high school when their friend got married.
(?) Had they graduated from high school when their friend got married?
• Second Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Had + Been + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Had + Not + Been + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Had + Subject + Been + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) It had been in the pond when i found it.
(-) It had not been in the pond when i found it.
(?) Had it been in the pond when i found it?

17. Past Perfect Continous Tense is used to :
a. State how long an activity that has been
going on before the other activities going
on in the past by using time information.
Example : -We had been processing the faximile
when the telephone rang.
-I had been Completing my application
by the time i saw my uncle.

18. FORMULA
• Formula
a.Positive (+) = Subject + Had + Been + Present participle +
Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) = Subject + Had + Not + Been + Present participle +
Objejct/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) = Had + Subject + Been + Present participle +
Object/Complement
*Example : (+) I had been living in Medan for three month.
(-) I had not been living in Medan for three month.
(?) Had i been living in Medan for three month?

19. Future Simple Tense is used to :
a. Declare activities planned or intended to be done in the future by using time information.
Example : -My pen is broken. I will buy another pen this afternoon.
-They will be on holiday next week.
b. Express the expectation that something will happen on the activity of the future.
Example : -He will understand her reason for leaving him next Sunday.
-She will not be at Prof.March office today.
c. Make a polite request for a sentence or a willingness to ask someone to do something.
Example : -Will you put me the book,Please?
-Will you buy me a kilogram of sugar,Please? I’m very buy it by myself.
d. Make a conditional sentence
Example : -I will visit her if her parents allow me.
-You will pass the exam if you study hard.

20. FORMULA
• First Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Base verb + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Base verb + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) He will clean his bedroom.
(-) He will not clean his bedroom.
(?) Will he clean his bedroom?
• Second Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Be + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Be + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) They will be in the office this morning.
(-) They will not be in the office this morning.
(?) Will they be in the office this morning?

21. Future Continous Tense is used to :
a. Declare the ongoing activity in a certain time in the future
by using time information.
Example : -My father will be coming by this time
next Thursday.
-She will be getting married a week from
today.
b. Declare activities that have been planned to be done in the
future.
Example : -Yasmin will be buying a bunch of longans. We
can ask her to buy a kilogram of orange.

22. • Formula
a.Positive (+): Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Present participle
+ Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Be + Present
participle + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Be + Present
participle + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) They will be cleaning the bedroom at six o’
clock this afternoon.
(-) They will not be cleaning the bedroom at
six o’ clock this afternoon.
(?) Will they be cleaning the bedroom at six o’ clock
this afternoon?
FORMULA

23. Future perfect tense is used to:
a. Declare a planned activities to be completed before a certain
time in the future by using time information.
Example : -Maulidya will have copied all the documents by
Monday
-By the time we get the station, the train will have left.

24. • First Formula
a.Postive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Past participle + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Have + Past participle +
Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Will/Shall + Subject + Have + Past participle + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) He will have studied English for three years by the end of this semester.
(-) He will not have studied English for three years by the end of this
semester.
(?) Will he have studied English for three years by the end of this
semester?
• Second Formula
a.Postive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Been + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Have + Been + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Will/Shall + Subject + Have + Been + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) He will have been in the cinema for two hours by then.
(-) He will not have been in the cinema for two hours by then.
(?) Will he have been in the cinema for two hours by then?
FORMULA

25. Future perfect continous tense is used to :
a. Declare activities that has been going on for some
time in the future and still in progress when another
activity occurs by using time information.
Example : -He will have been working in the drug
store for ten years by this time next
Tuesday.
-By the end of the month, we will have
been living here for two years.

26. • Formula :
a.Positive (+) : Subject +Shall/Will + Have + Been + Present participle +
Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + not + Have + Been + Present participle +
Object/Complement
c. Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Have + Been +Present participle +
Object/Complement
*Example : (+) I shall have been riding this car for six years by the end of this
month.
(-) I shall not have been riding this car for years by the end of this
month.
(?) Shall I have been riding this car for six years by the end of this
month?

27. Past future simple tense is used to:
a.Declare the activities to be carried out in the past but it does not happen,
by using time information.
Example : -I shoukd help her if she ask me last semester.
-They would come to the party if they have time last
weekend.
-He would be in the post office at eleven o’clock
yesterday.
b. Declare a bid that is more polite.
Example : -Would you like to borrow me a raincoat?
-Should I write the paper by myself?
c. Likely presupposes something difficult done as opposed to reality now.
Example : -They would pass the interview if they tried harder than before.
(The real is that they don’t pass the interview)

28. • First Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Base verb + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Base verb + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) I should go to Medan yesterday.
(-) I should not go to Medan yesterday.
(?) Should i go to Medan yesterday?
• Second Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Be + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Be + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Be + Object/complement
*Example : (+) He would be here last Wednesday.
(-) He would not be here last Wednesday.
(?) Would he be here last Wednesday

29. Past future continous tense is used to :
a. Declare the ongoing activity at certain times
in the past by using time information.
Example : -Mr.Freddy would be speaking at the
confrence last Friday.
-She would be walking from her office
at one o’ clock yesterday.

30. • Formula :
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Be + Present participle +
Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Not + Be + Present participle +
Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Be + Present participle +
Object/Complement
*Example : (+) You should be finding the lost document before eleven o’
clock yesterday.
(-) You should not be finding the lost document before eleven o’
clock yesterday.
(?) Should You be finding the lost document before eleven o’
clock yesterday?
FORMULA

31. Past Future Perfect Tense is used to :
a.Declare the activity or event that should have been completed in the
past.
Example : -He would have done his homework before he went to
school yesterday.
-Lidya would have written the whole paper last Tuesday.
b. Express a supposition which is impossible because the conditions
are not met.
Example : -He would have done his homework before he went to
school.
-If you had gone to Yogyakarta last week, you would have
met our president.

32. • First Formula
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Have + Past participle + Object/
Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Not + Have + Past particple + Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Have + Past participle + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) He would have gone before Mr.Budy arrived.
(-) He would not have gone before Mr.Budy arrived.
(?) Would he have gone before Mr.Budy arrived?
• Second Formula :
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Have + Been + Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Object/
Complement
c.Interrogative (?): Would/Should + Subject + Have + Been + Object/Complement
*Example : (+) It would have been in the cage last night.
(-) It would not have been in the cage last night.
(?) Would It have been in the cage last night?

33. Past Future Perfect Continous Tense is used to :
a. Declare activities or events that are supposed to last
for a certain period in the past by using time
information.
Definite Time : Last week, yesterday, last month,etc.
Example : -My mother would have been cooking for
an hour yesterday.
-She would have been searching for her cat
three days.

34. • Formula :
a.Positive (+) : Subject + Should/Would + Have + Been + Present participle +
Object/Complement
b.Negative (-) : Subject + Should/Would + Not + Have + Been + Present participle +
Object/Complement
c.Interrogative (?) : Should/Would + Subject + Have + Been + Present participle +
Object/Complement
*Example: (+) You would have been completing the work by ten o’ clock last night.
(-) You would not have been completing the work by ten o’ clock last night.
(?) Would you have been completing the work by ten o’ clock last night.

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