Pathways to cleaner energy
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Comparison of different sources of energy and their applications. 2006
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Pathways to cleaner energy
- 1. © Chevron 2005 1 Pathways to Cleaner Energy Eve S. Sprunt Chevron Manager University Partnership Program
- 2. © Chevron 2005 2 The New Energy Equation • Rising Demand • Shrinking Capacity • Political Turmoil
- 3. © Chevron 2005 3 Mike Lynch’s comparison of oil price forecasts with actual oil prices
- 4. © Chevron 2005 4
- 5. © Chevron 2005 5 Conventional Resources Gas Hydrates Extra Heavy Oil Bitumen Oil Shale Stranded Natural Gas Gas Shale Where Will Future Energy Come From?
- 6. © Chevron 2005 6 In Times of Emergency – we need energy
- 7. © Chevron 2005 7 In Times of Emergency, Energy is the Currency of Survival
- 8. © Chevron 2005 8 Everything Leaves a Footprint
- 9. © Chevron 2005 9 • Global climate change • Easy oil growing scarce • Peak oil − Fact or myth? • Increasing barriers to accessing resources • Energy security: Mounting concerns Issues Overload: More Questions Than Answers
- 10. © Chevron 2005 10 Emissions Progress 1970 Today One 1970 car polluted as much as 33 of today’s cars =
- 11. © Chevron 2005 11 Hydrogen Gasoline Energy Density Hydrogen needs 3,500 times the volume of gasoline * * At room temperature-pressure
- 12. © Chevron 2005 12 Hydrogen: Promises and Pitfalls • Scarce in elemental form in nature • Many possible ways to generate hydrogen • Difficult to transport and store
- 13. © Chevron 2005 13 Biomass Organic Waste Wood Geothermal Wave Wind Hydro Solar Nuclear Nuclear Natural Gas Coal Crude Oil Reformer Gasifier Gasifier Gasifier Gasifier Gasifier Electric Power Plant Generator Generator Generator Photo-voltaic Electric Power Plant Electrolyzer Hydrogen Hydrogen: Diverse Sources
- 14. © Chevron 2005 14 Greenhouse Gas Emissions CarbonDioxideEmissions* 0 5.6 11.2 16.8 22.4 28.0 33.6 Diesel Conventional Engines Hybrid Hydrogen Versus the Hybrids Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles * kg/100 km CO2 equivalent; total fuel cycle basis † Hydrogen from natural gas 15% gasoline, 85% ethanol by volume. Net CO2 shown depends on feedstock and processing used. Gasoline CNG Hydrogen † Hybrid Gasoline Hybrid Diesel Hybrid Hydrogen † Hybrid † with Sequestration Hybrid † Renewable Hydrogen Bio-Ethanol (E85) Range
- 15. © Chevron 2005 15 Geotherm al 4% Solar 0.2% Wind 3% Wood/ Biomass 3% Municipal Solid Waste 6% Hydro- electric 84% U.S. Electricity in 2002 3,650 Billion kWh Source: EIA, 2004 Annual Energy Outlook
- 16. © Chevron 2005 16 • Strengthens energy diversity • Yields ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel • Preserves diesel’s green house gas and km/L advantages Gas-to-Liquids
- 17. © Chevron 2005 17 Sequestration: High Potential for Energy Security/Environmental Gains • Many countries have large coal reserves • CO2 Sequestration: A critical element in clean-coal strategy?
- 18. © Chevron 2005 18 Solar Tradeoffs: Chevron’s Bakersfield Story • 4,800 panels • 2.43 hectare of land • Provides less than 1% of field’s energy
- 19. © Chevron 2005 19 Challenges • Provide energy for global economy • Reduce environmental impact • Increase energy security
- 20. © Chevron 2005 20 Many Alternatives…
- 21. © Chevron 2005 05/31/05 Sigworth G050244-Scenarios.ppt 21 Just as the Stone age did not end because of shortage of stones, the oil era will not end because we ran out of oil. It will end when a better alternative emerges. Sheikh Yamani