1. Circulatory
system
Eugenia Cortes A01153936
Clarisa Abella A01153796

2. • system that transports nutrients, respiratory gases, and
metabolic products throughout a living organism,
permitting integration among the various tissues. The
process of circulation includes the intake of metabolic
materials, the conveyance of these materials throughout
the organism, and the return of harmful by-products to the
environment.
What is the funcion of the
circulatory system?

3. • Health promotion
• Specific protection
PREPATHOGENIC PERIOD

4. • It is an abnormal rhythm of the heart and is caused by
problems with your heart's electrical system.
Arrhythmia

5. • There are two basic kinds of arrhythmias. Bradycardia is when the heart
rate is too slow - less than 60 beats per minute.
• Tachycardia is when the heart rate is too fast - more than 100 beats per
minute. There are two types of tachycardia:
Atrial tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia
• Heart block
• Atrial fibrillation
• Bradycardia
• Animation
• http://watchlearnlive.heart.org/CVML_Player.php?moduleSelect=arrhyt
Types of arrhythmia

6. • Abnormal levels of potassium or other substances
• Heart attack, or a damaged heart muscle from a past heart
attack
• Heart disease that is present at birth (congenital)
• Heart failure or an enlarged heart
• Overactive thyroid gland
Causes

7. • Arrhythmia may also be caused by some substances or
drugs, including:
• Alcohol, caffeine, or stimulants such as amphetamines
• Beta-blockers
• Cigarette smoking (nicotine)
• Drugs that mimic the activity of your nervous system
• Medicines used for depression or psychosis

8. • A single premature beat may be felt as a "palpitation" or
"skipped beat."
• Premature beats that occur often or in rapid succession
may cause a greater awareness of heart palpitations or a
"fluttering" sensation in the chest or neck.
Symptoms

9. • When arrhythmias last long enough to affect how well the
heart works, more serious symptoms may develop:
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Lightheadedness
• Fainting or near-fainting spells
• Rapid heartbeat or pounding
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• In extreme cases, collapse and sudden cardiac arrest

10. • Monitor your pulse
• You should know how to take your pulse in order to monitor
your heart rate.
• Put the second and third fingers of one hand on the inside of the
wrist of the other hand, just below the thumb OR on the side of
your neck, just below the corner of your jaw.
• Feel for the pulse.
• Count the number of beats in one full minute.
• Keep a record of your pulse along with the day and time taken
and notes about how you felt at the time.
Diagnose

11. • Prevent blood clots from forming to reduce stroke risk
• Control your heart rate within a relatively normal range
• Restore a normal heart rhythm, if possible
• Treat heart disease/condition that may be causing
arrhythmia
• Reduce other risk factors for heart disease and stroke
Treatment Goals

12. • The treatment depends on how serious the arrhythmia is,
in some cases there is no treatment required.
• When arrhythmia is serious, to restore normal rhythm,
you´ll need urgent treatment, like:
• Electrical "shock" therapy
• Implanting a short-term heart pacemaker
• Medications given through a vein (intravenous) or by mouth
Treatment

13. • Term used to describe high blood pressure.
• Blood pressure: a measurement of the force against the
walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the
body.
• Given as two numbers -- for example, 120 over 80
(written as 120/80 mmHg). One or both of these numbers
can be too high.
HYPERTENSION

14. I. Promotion of health
• Maintain regular body mass index
• Have a balanced diet
• Drink enough water
PRIMARY PREVENTION

15. II. Specific protection
• Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked
regularly.
• Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure.
• Follow your health care provider's recommendations to
modify, treat, or control possible causes of high blood
pressure.

16. • How much water and salt you have in your body
• The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood
vessels
• The levels of different body hormones
causes

17. • Are obese
• Are often stressed or anxious
• Drink too much alcohol (more than one drink per day for
women and more than two drinks per day for men)
• Eat too much salt in your diet
• Have a family history of high blood pressure
• Have diabetes
• Smoke
High Risk factors

18. • Most of the time, there are no symptoms. For most
patients, high blood pressure is found when they visit
their health care provider or have it checked elsewhere.
• Because there are no symptoms, people can develop heart
disease and kidney problems without knowing they have
high blood pressure.
• If you have a severe headache, nausea or vomiting, bad
headache, confusion, changes in your vision, or
nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of
high blood pressure called malignant hypertension.
SYMPTOMS

19. • Your health care provider will check your blood pressure
several times before diagnosing you with high blood pressure.
It is normal for your blood pressure to be different depending
on the time of day.
• Your doctor will perform a physical exam to look for signs of
heart disease, damage to the eyes, and other changes in your
body.
• Tests may be done to look for:
• High cholesterol levels
• Heart disease, such as an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram
• Kidney disease, such as a basic metabolic panel and urinalysis or
ultrasound of the kidneys
EXAMS AND TESTS

20. • Goal: to reduce blood pressure so that you have a lower
risk of complications. You and your health care provider
should set a blood pressure goal for you.
• If you have pre-hypertension, your health care provider
will recommend lifestyle changes to bring your blood
pressure down to a normal range. Medicines are rarely
used for pre-hypertension.
TREATMENT

21. Medicines
• Diuretics
• Beta-blockers
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Angiotensin II receptor
• Calcium channel blockers
Blood pressure medicines that are not used as often include:
• Alpha-blockers.
• Centrally acting drugs
• Vasodilators
• Renin inhibitors
• Often, a single blood pressure drug may not be enough to control your blood pressure, and
you may need to take two or more drugs. It is very important that you take the medications
prescribed to you. If you have side effects, your health care provider can substitute a
different medication.
TREATMENT

22. • When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at
risk for:
• Bleeding from the aorta, the large blood vessel that
supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs
• Chronic kidney disease
• Heart attack and heart failure
• Poor blood supply to the legs
• Stroke
• Problems with your vision
CONVALESCENCE

23. STATISTICS

24. STATISTICS

25. • Second cause of death by a disease in Mexico
• According to the WHO cardiovascular diseases take away
17.5 millions of lives each year.
MORTALITY RATE

26. STATISTICS

27. • http://www.acra.net.au/ Australian Heart Health
Association
• http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/ American Heart
Association
• http://www.amecc.org.mx/index.html Asociación
Mexicana
ASSOCIATIONS

28. • Kaplan NM. Systemic hypertension: Treatment. In: Bonow
RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald's Heart
Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed.
Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 46.
• Victor, RG. Systemic hypertension: Mechanisms and
diagnosis. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds.
Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular
Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;
2011:chap 45.
• http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/
• http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/cont
enidos/estadisticas/2009/corazon09.asp
BIBLIOGRAPHY

29. • http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/arrhythmi
as/overview.html
• http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/
• http://0-
www.britannica.com.millenium.itesm.mx/EBchecked/top
ic/95457/arrhythmia
• http://0-
www.britannica.com.millenium.itesm.mx/EBchecked/top
ic/118406/circulatory-system
Bibliography