The document provides information about vowel and consonant phonemes in Spanish, English, and French. It includes vowel quadrants showing tongue position and lip rounding for each language. It also discusses features of consonants such as place and manner of articulation. Production of specific consonants like /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /m/, and laterals are compared between English and Spanish. The document contrasts vowels, diphthongs, and fricatives between the languages.

1. HIGH SPREAD
FRONT
AREA
THE VOWEL INVENTORY
NEUTRAL
TONGUE CENTRAL MID
POSITION
LIP LOW ROUNDED
SHAPE BACK

2. area
SPANISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
front central back
m
/i/ /u/
u
high
s
t cl
e e
n
mid
/e/ /o/ s t
e e
n
ti
low
/a/ o
n
Spread neutral rounded

3. area
front central back
ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
T
/iy/ /uw/ tense m
o
high
u
n
s
g
/I/ /ʊ/ cl
e
e
mid
/ey/
p /ə/ /ow/
/ɛ/ t
o
e
si
low
n
ti /æ/ /ɔ/ lax ti
o /a/ o
n
n
Spread neutral rounded

4. FRENCH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
Aigue-antérieure centralisée Grave-postériuere
m
Ferme /i/ /y/ /u/ Te u
n
d
s
Mi-
ferme ue cl
/e/ /ø/ /o/ e
moyenne
/ə/ t
e
R n
Mi- /ɛ/ /œ/ /ɔ/ e
ti
ouverte / / /œ/ /ɔ/ l
a o
/ã/ /∝/ c
ouverte n
h
é
NA A Neutre NA A
Lip shape

5. ENGLISH AND SPANISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
With very few exceptions, no more than two
vowels can occur together in Spanish. Vowel
SPANISH VOWEL pairs are pronounced according to a few
PHONEME simple rules. Firstly the vowels are grouped
QUADRANT into strong or open sounds /a/, /e/ and /o/
and weak or closed sounds /i/ and /u/.
The position of the articulatory organs in
the production of the vowels is not as
ENGLISH VOWEL easily specified as that of consonants.
PHONEME This is mainly due to the linguistic points
QUADRANT of view, researches, some backgrounds
and dialects.

6. MONOPHTHONGS
PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC VOWEL CONTRAST
Vowel sounds are sorted as
Contrast is the difference monophthongs and
in pronunciation which is diphthongs. A monophthogs
used by the apeaker to is a single vowel articulated
distinguish different without change in quality
utterances in a language. throughout the course of a
syllable.

7. Spanish The fronto section of the tongue
/i/ rises to make contact both sides of
SPANISH /i/ with ENGLISH /iy/ and /I/
the upper lateral teeth
Tonge is positioned forward and
English high in the oral cavity with the
/IY/ sides in contact with the teeth
laterally and the tip positioned
behind the lower teeth.
The tonge is positined forward and
slightly lower, with the sides in
contact with the teeth laterally
English /I/
and the tip positineed behind the
lower teeth.

8. The dorso section of the tonge reaches the
English /ɛ/ borders of the hard palatal making a groove
between the tongue and the palatal.
SPANISH /e/ with ENGLISH /ey/ and /ɛ/
The tonge is positioned forward and high in
English /ey/ the oral cavity with it is sides in contact with
the lateral teeth. The lips are spread and
retracted.
The tonge is positioned forward and high in the oral
Spanish /e/ cavity with the sides in contact with the lateral teeth
and the tip placed behind the lower teeth. The lips
are spread and retracted.

9. El dorso section of the tongue
Spanish /a/ moves upwards gently to the
central area of the oral cavity.
SPANISH /a/ WITH ENGLSH
The tongue is positioned slightly
forward and low in the oral cavity
/a/ , /æ/AND / Ə/
English /a/
with the apex positioned behind
the lower teeth.
English / æ / The tongue is slightly back and
low in the oral cavity with the tip
of the tongue placing behind the
lower front teeth.
English / Ə/
The tongue positioned in
the middle of the oral
cavity.

10. SPANISH /o/ WITH ENGLSH /Ͻ AND /ow/
The tongue is retracted backwards the
Spanish /o/ oral cavity.
/
The tongue is positioned back in a low-
English /Ͻ/ mide position with respect to the height.
The dorso section of the tongue is moved
English / ow/
backwards but lower than /Ʊ/.

11. ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS
A diphthong A diphthong is a complex vowel, made of
is a two components; a diphthong begins as
phonologica one vowel and finishes as another.
DIPHTHONGS
l group
consisting of
a vowel
sound
followed by
a non- Usually, the two components can be
adjacent referred to as a nucleus and an off-glide.
glide within
the same
syllable
Happen in inital-diphthong position,
they are semiconsonants, but when
they occur in final-diphthong position,
they are semivowels

12. ENGLISH AND DIPHTHONGS

13. SPANISH RISING
DIPHTHONGS

14. VOWEL GRID
1 2 3 4
a Iy I i Ya
b ey ɛ e aw
c æ a ye Ɛǝ
d ǝ Iyǝ oy Uwǝ
e ɔ ow o yo
f ʊ uw U Yu
g ay Aw ɔy ew

15. Used primarily
for breathing It refers to the way
and eating, that sounds are
secondarily for formed or uttered.
speaking.
THE VOCAL ARTICULATORY
TRACT BASIS
THE
CONSONANT
INVENTORY
VOICED VOICELESS
CONSONANTS CONSONANTS
Voiceless consonants
This is easy to test by putting
do not use the voice.
your finger on your throat, if
They are percussive
you feel a vibration the
and use hard sounds.
consonant is voiced.

16. It refers to the way how air flows out during the
production of a sound. The sound might be stop
Manner of
ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF ARTICULATION
fricative nasal lateral vibrant affricateor a
articulation continuant. The manner of consonants describes
the manner in which airflow is restricted.
It concerns the place where air goes
cavity
through. It can be the mouth or nasal
cavity.
Point the
Is any part of the mouth that can be reached
articulation
by the articulator. It is also known as Major
passive articulator
The articulator Is the doer of the articulation and moves freely
enough to be active in the apeech. It is also
known as Major Active Articulator

17. PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC CONSONANT
CONTRAST

18. /p/ Voiced
/p-b/ PRODUCTION
English and
Spanish /p/
and /b/ use
the same
organ to be
uttered.
/b/ voiceless

19. English
Spanish Positi /p/ [ph ] [p] [pˈ] [p-]
Position /p/ [p] on
I I X X X
M M X X X
F X X F X X
The /p/ phonemic distribution is
The /p/ phonemic distribution is: total
: partial
The /p/ phonetic distribution is : partial,
The /p/ phonetic distribution is:
complementary and free variation.
partial

20. /d/
oral
occlusive
Apico- alveolar
Apico-dental
/t-d/ PRODUTION
voiceless
AND DISTRIBUTION
voiced
/t/

21. CONTRAST OF ENGLISH AND SPANISH
FRICATIVES
ENGLISH: /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /θ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/ --
FRENCH: /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ -- -- /ʃ/ /ʒ/ -- --
SPANISH: /f/ -- /s/ [z] [θ] [ð] -- [ʒ] [h] /x/
HOMORGANIC FRICATIVE- LABIO DENTAL SOUNDS
/f/ /v/
Vls vd voicing
Labio
dental
Oral fricative

22. /ʧ/ /ʤ/
English affricates includes
Can be seen as a
Contrast of English and
sequence of a stop and
fricative which have the
Spanish affricates
same or similar place of
articulation.
To emphasize the
affricate as a “single”
sound, and tie symbols
can be used to join the
stop.
They are transcribed
using the symbols for the
stop and the fricative
creating a diagraph
Spanish
/ʧ/

23. /tʃ/ /dʒ/ PRODUCTION
ENGLISH-SPANISH
Apico alveolar
lamino fronto
palatal oral
Voiceless /tʃ/
Africative
Voiced /dʒ/
/tʃ/ there are in Spanish and English. It is voiceless,
apico alveolar, lamino , fronto , palatal, oral affricate.
Its phoneme [tʃ]

24. Contrast of english
and spanish nasals
Soft palate can be lowered,
English allowing air to flow out spanish
through nasal cavity
Include /n//m//ŋ/ Include /n//m//ɲ/
All of them are voiced
occlusive continuant.

25. Both languages have the /ŋ/ sound. It is voiced, dorso –
velar, nasal, occlusive,continuant. In Spanish, /ŋ/ is an
allophone of /n/. In English, /ŋ/ is a phoneme. The /ŋ/ has
to possible allophones.
Continuan
Occlisive
/ ŋ/ PRODUCTION PICTURE
English spelling: <n> (before <k> and <g>).
Spanish spellings: [ŋ]is an allophone of /n/
Nasal
voiced
Dorso velar

26. /m/ PRODUCTION
ENGLISH-SPANISH
The /m/sounds is similar in
both languages:[m] voiced,
bilabial, nasal, occlusive, continuant.
English Spanish
The /m/ phoneme has three
allophones: The /m/ phoneme has one
[m] allophone:
voiced, bilabial, nasal, occlusive, conti
nuant
[m] voiced, bilabial, nasal,
[-ɱ-] occlusive, continuant
voiced, labiodental, nasal, occlusive, c
ontinuant which occurs before the
voiceless labiodental fricative.
[m̩ ]
voiced, bilabial, nasal, occlusive, conti
nuant, occurs in a word finally syllable

27. CONTRAST OF ENGLISH AND SPANISH LATERALS
When an /l/ is formed, the tongue tip touches
the alveolar ridge (or maybe the upper teeth)
Sounds like this with English lateral only
airflow along the incluides /l/. Spanish
sides of the tongue laterals includes /l/
are called lateral and /ʎ/

28. IPA CONSONANTS

29. FIN
FONOLOGÍA