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Expository Essay Sample
CURRENT TRENDS AND ISSUES THAT
AFFECT TODAY'S AGED POPULATION
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In a world where everything seems to be achieved by the youthful and vigorous, ageing has
become a challenge. Late adulthood, old age, and eventual death are inevitable for everyone,
yet the subject, irrespective of its inescapability, can be found difficult to discuss or
understand. This discussion makes an attempt to view these three life events or milestones, to
show how one’s circumstances and attitudes can affect the ways in which they are handled by
the family and society.
In her book Development Through the Lifespan, Laura E Berk (2009) demonstrates through
case histories, interviews and anecdotes that although growing old occurs everywhere to
everyone, they are not handled in the same way by all. There are marked cultural, societal
and personal differences in the ways different adults, the two genders, and families treat
ageing. The biological and psychological changes that accompany the onset of late adulthood,
which include forgetfulness, fatigue, detachment, and helplessness as well as the pain and
discomfort of rheumatism, cardiac and respiratory conditions, all contribute to issues that
confront people (Berk 608). Acceptance of change, especially when it seems sudden and
irrefutable, is seen to be extremely difficult by some, and yet others handle the same
conditions with agreeableness and resistance. The reasons for this difference in the ability for
some to accept changes in themselves or in their relatives better than others are not always
clear (Berk 610).
One negative life change in ageing women is loss of self-esteem when they are no longer able
to care for loved ones because of failing health. When men retire, they feel a sense of loss of
identity if they associate character with occupation (Berk 611). Psychological well-being in
both men and women can be restored through social support. Society provides this through a
number of organizations, associations, religious groups and cultural establishments. It is
found, however, that for social support to provide well-being for elders, it needs to be
accompanied by a sense of control. Sometimes, Berk asserts, a trade-off can be made
between life aspects older people can control and those they cannot, in order to feel in charge
of their own lives. For example, stamina can be reserved for enjoyable occupations such as
dancing or bowling by leaving shopping and housework to helpers and carers.
The sense of one’s mortality is not as remote in old age as before, and as one’s friends begin
to pass away, approaching death can depress or alarm some old people. Although it is easy to
agree with the author of this book when she states that death is necessary in the life of any
species to ensure its survival, humans do not always find it easy to accept. Death, dying and

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bereavement are strong life milestones sustained by cultural attitudes, outlooks and customs.
Modern society seems to be more distanced from the reality of death than earlier generations,
simply because people no longer die at home as often they used to (Berk 642). In addition,
when people are depressed or in pain, they are more likely to suffer from death anxiety,
which can be accompanied by reluctance to discuss it with others, which could bring about
relief of the condition.
When a loved one passes away, older people are likely to be worse affected than others,
because their own mortality and transience is emphasized by the event. Their grief is made
more personal by becoming a presage of what is inevitable. In some cultures and religions,
what Berk terms ‘symbolic immortality’ that comes from belief in an everlasting soul, helps
older people to regard life as worthwhile and enjoy their ability to pass on wisdom and skills
to the next generation, even if their life is necessarily finite. This sense of worth avoids
anxiety about death becoming extreme or debilitating (Berk 643).
Coping with ageing, approaching death, dying and bereavement are not easy for anyone, but
for the elderly, they can seem a defeating part of life. To avoid this becoming problematic or
pathological, a feeling of self- and societal-worth must be emphasized in the lives of all
elderly people. In this way, they can approach the twilight of their lives with optimism, grace
and dignity.

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Reference
Berk, Laura E. 2009 Development Through the Lifespan 5th Edition. Allyn& Bacon (Pearson
Education)