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1,[object Object],History of Renminbi (RMB),[object Object],-   The RMB was first issued shortly before the takeover of the mainland by the Communists in 1949. ,[object Object],[object Object]
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, China worked to make the RMB more convertible , The RMB is convertible on current accounts, but not capital accounts.
Exchange rate of the American dollar vs. RMB from 1994 until July 2005, the policy on currency has been to peg informally the value of the RMB against the value of the United States dollar. This policy was praised during the Asian financial crisis of 1998 as it prevented a round of competitive devaluations.,[object Object]
The G7 and European Union are also in favour of a re-evaluation of the exchange rate.
RMB rising route     ( 1USD=8.11RMB         dd7/21/2005),[object Object],    ( 1USD=8.00RMB         dd5/15/2006),[object Object],    ( 1USD=7.00RMB         dd14/10/2008),[object Object],    ( 1USD=6.5905RMB     dd1/18/2011),[object Object]
3,[object Object],Discussion  1) Why United States of America press China to make the RMB appreciated?,[object Object],USA Claimed RMB is grossly undervalued , the undervalued RMB is attracting a flood of hot money into China.,[object Object],The RMB's undervaluation and its peg to the dollar are preventing other Asian countries from allowing currencies to rise against the dollar, since appreciation would damage competiveness relative to China.,[object Object],Preserve manufacturing jobs in the United States.,[object Object], USA claimed the overall external trade imbalances between China and USA. ,[object Object]
4,[object Object],Discussion 2)Why China resisted pressure to increase the value of the RMB?,[object Object],Would affect the export.,[object Object],Would cause mainland Chinese jobs to disappear.,[object Object],Would also expose domestic banks to currency risks that they are not prepared to handle.,[object Object],the massive outflow of RMB could have a substantial effect on the currency. ,[object Object],Many economists believe that only fixed exchange rates or floating exchange rates are stable over the long term, because a one-time change in exchange rates might cause speculators in the future to take positions on possible exchange rate fluctuations which would lead to pressure to completely float the currency.,[object Object]
5,[object Object],Discussion3)How does the RMB appreciation impact China economy and Chinese people life?,[object Object],affect China's export and consequently the overall growth rate of the national economy.,[object Object],change the commodity structure and the flow of investment.,[object Object],have a significant influence on the structure of domestic production resources.,[object Object],it will accelerate industrial upgrading – may caused job lost. .,[object Object],it will promote technical innovation -  may create new job opp and lose the low value job opp.,[object Object],it will make imported products relatively cheaper. It will also be cheaper for Chinese to travel abroad.,[object Object]
6,[object Object],Discussion4) United States DebtSource :www.vikipedia.org,[object Object],The debt is broken down into two main categories :,[object Object],Securities held by the public,[object Object],Securities held by government accounts,[object Object],As of 2008, Social Security Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund holds about half of the government held portion of the debt at 2.2 trillion dollars, with other large holders including the Federal Housing Administration, the Federal Savings and Loan Corporation's Resolution Fund and the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. Most of the public debt is in notes and bills with only about one trillion in bonds and inflation protected bonds.,[object Object],Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac obligations excluded (taken over by US government),[object Object],Foreign ownership ,[object Object]

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The Value of the Renminbi

  • 1.
  • 2. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, China worked to make the RMB more convertible , The RMB is convertible on current accounts, but not capital accounts.
  • 3.
  • 4. The G7 and European Union are also in favour of a re-evaluation of the exchange rate.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.