Drug Testing Solutions Suite

©2013 Employment Screening Services, All rights reserved. 2

In today’s society, it is necessary for businesses to protect both their companies as well as their
employees. This has resulted in an increase in the use of background screenings as part of the hiring
process. Background screenings are often referred to as a first line of defense for businesses. Having
a screening process in place enables employers to make more informed decisions when hiring, and
potentially prevent workplace risks such as theft, fraud, abuse and violence. Screening programs can
even protect against costly negligent hiring lawsuits.

Proven Success
Employment Screening Services (ESS) is dedicated to protecting companies and their employees through
extensive background screenings and drug testing services. ESS combines experience, advanced technology and
unparalleled customer service to ensure that an employer’s screening services are fast, affordable and effective.
We provide a wide range of solutions that help our clients reduce turnover, limit liability and solve problems — all
while improving their bottom line.
Founded in 1994, by Sheila Benson, ESS now serves clients around the world through its headquarters in
Birmingham, Alabama and additional offices in California, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas.
ESS operates with the philosophy that customer service and communication are the most important values of a
provider. Through the years, the hallmarks of the company’s success have been service to the customer,
investment in employees, and adoption of the latest technology in products. As a founding member of
the National Association of Background Screeners (NAPBS), ESS knows how important screening programs are
for business in both the hiring process and long-term success. We constantly are improving upon our processes
and deliver accurate results with the utmost care and professionalism. In addition to its core employee
background screening and drug testing services, ESS has evolved into a full-service human resources and risk
management solutions provider. ESS provides the solutions businesses need today to navigate through the ever-
changing laws and regulations and ultimately streamline the screening process for employers.

Drug Testing Solutions
In addition to our background screening services, ESS provides a complete suite of drug testing solutions. Drug
testing is an integral part of any screening process. Statistics show that more than 75% of all substance abusers
are employed, according to the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration. Employers must take
steps to ensure the safety of their employees and business patrons. Common problems with drug abuse in the
workplace include lost productivity and frequent accidents. Some businesses are even mandated by the
government with drug testing regulations. Regardless of your business type or reason, including drug testing in
your screening process is a smart form of protection for both your business and employees.
Drug Testing Programs curb abuse by:
• the fear of getting caught
• the probability of getting punished
• the severity of the penalty
The broad range of drug testing services offered by ESS will fulfill the specific needs of your organization. ESS
can help establish a program for your company’s drug testing that is tailored to the demands and requirements
of your industry. Our trained team can guide you through the process and help educate you on the options, best
practices and requirements of drug testing in the work place.
The full-service drug testing solutions at ESS have a broad reach and offer convenience and rapid turnaround for
fast and accurate results.


Scope of Services
ESS offers a wide variety of drug screening services and has extensive expertise in regulated and non-regulated
environments. ESS can help design and implement a successful program to accommodate your needs and those
of your regional locations in a simple and consistent manner. ESS uses only SAMHSA certified laboratories for the
processing of its drug tests. ESS is also an active member in both DATIA and SAPAA.

Collection Sites
ESS utilizes a network of partners for our drug testing solutions that ensures highest level of service and timely
access nationwide. With over 10,000 collection locations in all 50 states and internationally in Canada, Mexico,
Guam, and Puerto Rico, ESS’ collection network offers convenient options to any organization, anywhere.
On-Site Collection
ESS can arrange for collections to be done at your location. This is a good option for a large group that needs to
be tested at one time. On-site collection offers a drug testing solution that is convenient and helps reduce
downtime due to traveling off-site for testing. Utilizing on-site collection ensures that all of the tests are done in a
timely manner and also eliminates the delays of waiting on individuals to get their administered.
Areas of Specialty
ESS provides drug test solutions for many types of businesses with a broad range of needs. ESS specializes in
the following areas of drug testing:
• Pre-employment Drug Testing
Pre-employment drug testing is most often performed as a part of the job application process. In order to
protect their business, employers often implement a drug-free workplace. Pre-employment drug testing
helps identify individuals who abuse drugs and further protects the company from poor hiring decisions.
Courts have consistently upheld the legality of requiring a pre-employment drug test as a condition of
employment. For compliance, employers should obtain a written consent and clearly indicate drug testing
is a requirement for employment. Pre-employment drug testing should be done after a job offer has been
made and before the applicant is added to the payroll. With ESS, Employers can simply set up drug
testing with Schedule Now or by an automated email that can be sent prompting applicants to schedule
the test themselves at one of the many available locations.

• Random Drug Testing Programs
Some employers have written policies that require employees to take random or annual drug tests. ESS
can develop a random testing program that selects the candidate and assures each individual fulfills the
specified requirements. Employee names are entered into a computer system, and the computer selects
those to be tested for an unbiased process. The computer needs the employee names, a unique
identifier, such as an SSN or employee ID #, the frequency of testing and if required the percentage of
the employee population to test through the yearly program. Typically, employees may be chosen more
than once in a year and sometimes in consecutive selection periods.
This has proven to be an effective tool in reducing substance abuse in the workplace. Employees do not
know they have been selected until they are required to submit a specimen eliminating possibilities for
substitution attempts. Once notified of being selected for a random test, an employee should immediately
report for their test


• Reasonable Suspicion Drug Testing
For overall workplace safety, reasonable suspicion drug testing is one of the most valuable aids an
employer can have if it is properly used. When a supervisor has reasonable cause to believe that an
employee may be impaired as a result of drug or alcohol use, a reasonable suspicion drug test can be
performed. The supervisor's assessment is based on personal observation of the employee's behavior.
Supervisors should document in writing the behaviors that give rise to the suspicion that the employee is
under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol.
• Post-Accident Drug Testing
Workers that are in a safety sensitive environment can be more susceptible to accidents. When these
incidents occur, many regulations require post-accident drug testing within 8-32 hours. This type of
testing can also be used to reduce the liability and risk for businesses. ESS’ vast network includes clinics
with extended hours coverage, hospital emergency room services, and mobile collectors to ensure access
to post-accident/incident drug and alcohol testing 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week for both regulated and
non-regulated business environments. Our post-accident drug testing is designed to meet mandated
regulations such as DOT.
• DOT Drug Testing and Physicals
The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) has strict policies about the drug tests and
physical exams required of its workers and contractors. ESS is fully versed in the policies and
documentation requirements to help your organization avoid costly fines. The DOT services from ESS
cover agencies such as FMCSA, FAA, FRA, PHMSA, USCG and FTA. Our Random and Post-Accident Drug
Testing work seamlessly with our DOT services. ESS can assist in development and implementation of a
comprehensive program for DOT drug testing, alcohol testing, and physical examinations that can help
ensure a safer and more productive workplace.
• Student Drug Testing & Immunizations
Immunization and Drug Testing have become an important aspect of requirements for students. These
prerequisites are often part of the curricula associated with certain majors, frequently those pursuing a
health-related profession. Sometimes the requirements are simply part of the standards imposed by the
school or even upon student athletes.
With U-Screen, ESS is able to provide a solution that is convenient and affordable. Through an extensive
network of labs and doctors, or even scheduled on-campus collections, students are able to receive the
necessary shots or drug tests which then get reported back to ESS and are accessible through the U-
Screen web portal. These results can be integrated with other services like background screening for a
streamlined process that reduces administrative burdens for the school. ESS manages the entire process
and provides easy instructions and assistance to the students throughout the process.
• Athlete Drug Testing
ESS is an expert in athletic drug testing and is prepared to manage all aspects of your program. Drug
testing programs can be 1) mandatory for interscholastic student athletes, 2) voluntary as part of a
student assistance program, or 3) based only on reasonable suspicion. NCAA requires that programs
follow their guidelines on banned substances. The consequences to the school for not following these
guidelines could lead to NCAA sanctions. We have found that random urine drug testing by far is the best
deterrent to drug use by students because the students may be selected at any time for testing. A
random testing program gives the students another reason to say "No!" Voluntary programs do help
those students who have been caught breaking the rules by using drugs or alcohol, but has little impact
on students using drugs and not getting caught. Reasonable Suspicion programs are very effective in
monitoring behavior of students that have previously demonstrated issues with drugs or alcohol.
We have an expert staff dedicated to coordinating and communicating with your team. This means
providing detailed instructions and training on the entire process from start to finish. We will also develop
a rollout plan and training program for all locations. During the rollout, ESS will provide onsite support
and training, manage all results while completely automating the records and reporting functions, and
field incoming calls and emails. We understand the importance of keeping all test result data
confidential. Drug testing collectors will collect a sample in a private respectful manner and work with one
athlete at a time, ensuring privacy and confidentiality.


Types of Drug Tests
The primary drug testing method used by ESS is urine collection and analysis, which is the most common type of
testing for a screening. ESS offers 5-Panel tests along with 9-Panel and 10-Panel options to expand the drug
types found in the screening. ESS also offers many other methods of testing to cover a broad range of needs.
The methods of testing available include:
• Drug Test
A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen to reveal the presence or use of certain
substances.
• Urine Drug Testing
Standard and most common drug screen. In this test, a urine sample is analyzed for substances as
specified with either a 5, 9 or 10 panel test.
• Hair Drug Testing
This type of drug detection analyzes a hair sample to reveal the use of substances. Hair drug testing can
reveal results over a longer period of time, even for up to 30, 60, or 90 days.
• Oral Fluid Drug Testing
Oral fluid-based drug tests can generally detect substances use during the previous few hours to roughly
3 days. A saliva sample is used for this test with a simple swab collection.
• Instant testing
ESS utilizes the E-Screen electronic drug testing solution for instant drug testing. This test is a quick way
to provide nearly-instant negative screen results – often in less than an hour after collection. Non-
negatives are verified at a laboratory in the traditional 2 to 4 days.
• Breath Alcohol Drug Test
A breath alcohol test determines how much alcohol is in your blood by measuring the amount of alcohol
in the air you breathe out (exhale). The test is done with a machine in which a person blows into.
Medical Review Officer (MRO)
ESS utilizes Medical Review Officers with our drug testing solutions, which is required by many states and for all
DOT drug screens. A Medical Review Officer is a licensed physician who is responsible for receiving and reviewing
laboratory results generated by an employer’s drug testing program. The MRO evaluates medical explanations for
certain drug test results and ensures the integrity and authenticity of all tests.
Drug Testing Technology
Electronic Drug Testing
ESS offers an automated system that makes managing the drug screening process simple and efficient. The
Electronic Registration feature enables both ordering and scheduling of drug tests online and can be accessed
24/7 through web access.
• Electronic Ordering
ESS can easily integrate drug testing with your background screening capabilities. Drug tests can be
ordered online in a similar manner to other screens. Recruiters and HR Professionals use Schedule Now to
quickly order a drug test for their applicants.


The other method for ordering sends an email to applicants prompting them to schedule their drug tests.
ESS can establish criteria in the system that your determine for the time-frame applicants have to get
their drug test done.
• Electronic Scheduling
The email applicants receive from our system includes a web link for scheduling their drug test. Once
they click on the link, the applicant’s current address is used to populate a list of collection sites within 10
miles. If they prefer, the applicant can change the address, for example to their work address, for the
most convenient location of their choice.


Applicants then print a pass they must take with them to the clinic. The chosen clinic will have all the
donor information and test to perform prior to their arrival to expedite the process.


• Electronic Reporting
Once the needed test and results are completed, you are notified through email. Results will be posted in
our system and can easily be accessed by administrators.


ESS Quick Reference Guide – Drug Testing


Drug Testing Glossary

Chain of Custody
Chain of custody is the term that refers to the process of ensuring and providing documentation of proper
specimen identification and handling from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results. If the results
come under legal challenge, the specimen must have been handled according to chain of custody procedures
exactly and accurately. The chain of custody protocol assures the specimen belongs to the individual whose
information is printed on the specimen bottle label, no adulteration or tampering has taken place, exactly who
had possession of the specimen and when, how the specimen was transported and stored before it was analyzed,
no unauthorized access to the specimen was possible, and the specimen was handled in a secure manner
Collection Site (Patient Service Center)
A facility where individuals present themselves for the purpose of providing body fluid(s) to be analyzed for
specified controlled substances.
Collection Process
All specimen collections should be done utilizing a secured restroom. After the donor has removed any bulky
objects and washed their hands they should choose a sealed specimen collection kit. All seals are removed in the
donor’s presence and the donor should then be asked to provide a urine specimen. Following the collection of
donor’s specimen the chain of custody form should be filled out and completed while the donor is present. After
all the specimen bottles, chain of custody form, and specimen bags are sealed then the donor may be allowed to
leave.
Department of Transportation (DOT)
The DOT is an operating administration of the United States administering regulations requiring alcohol and/or
drug testing in accordance with 49CFR Part 40 of the federal regulations. A DOT drug screen is a screen that
tests a specimen for five drugs (Opiates, PCP, Amphetamines, Marijuana and Cocaine) A DOT-approved chain of
custody form is used during the collection process and a split sample is collected and both specimens are
forwarded to the laboratory for testing. Once the laboratory completes the testing process the result is forwarded
to the Medical Review Officer (MRO) for review. Following the MRO’s review, results are reported to the
designated reporting agency.
Drug Testing Policy
A well drafted policy outlines what type of testing will be conducted, the terms and definitions surrounding drug
screening, and recourse for positive test results. A policy is also utilized to convey a strong message of zero
tolerance towards drugs and alcohol in the workplace.
Medical Review Officer (MRO)
According to DOT regulations, all DOT drug screens must be reviewed by an MRO. Many states also require an
MRO review. A Medical Review Officer (MRO) is a person who is a licensed physician and who is responsible for
receiving and reviewing laboratory results generated by an employer’s drug testing program and evaluating
medical explanations for certain drug test results. This service is also available for Non-DOT testing, if desired.
During the MRO’s review it may be necessary for them to contact and speak directly with the donor to verify any
types of medication the donor has taken. The client will not be notified if this occurs and will only be notified
when a test result is available.
Non-DOT Drug Screen
A Non-DOT screen is a screen that can test for a wide range of drugs such as; Opiates, PCP,
Amphetamines/Methamphetamines, Marijuana, Cocaine; which is considered a 5-panel drug screen. This can be
expanded upon by testing for the above five drugs and adding Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Methadone,
Methaqualone, Propxyphene; which is considered a 10-panel drug screen. A urine alcohol (ethyl) can be added to
either panel if desired.


Patient Service Technician
A designated person trained in specimen collection procedures who insures that 1) donors are identified correctly,
2) chain of custody protocol is strictly followed, 3) donors’ dignity is preserved, 4) no sample is adulterated or
diluted during collection, and 5) donors and clients receive the best possible evidentiary collection and testing
service possible.
Post-Accident Testing
Testing of an employee who is involved in an on-the-job accident (vehicular or otherwise) which may have
involved human error and may have caused a fatality, serious injury, or significant property damage.
Pre-Employment Testing
A candidate for employment must pass the drug and/or alcohol test as a condition of employment. Testing can
be performed as part of the application process 1) before an offer of employment is made, 2) as a part of the
hiring process after an offer of employment is made but before the employee commences work, or 3) shortly
after the individual begins work but continued employment is contingent upon successful completion of the drug
and/or alcohol test.
Random Testing
The testing of employees who are chosen on a “neutral-selection” basis without advance notice. True random
testing is conducted by pooling a selected percentage determined by the client from the total number of qualified
participants’ numbers in the random pool. ESS recommends that clients familiarize themselves with their state
law; some states prohibit random testing while others restrict it to “safety sensitive” positions.
Reasonable Suspicion/Cause Testing
The “cause” required is an objective, factual, individualized basis for testing, such as when an employee’s
observed behavior or physical appearance suggests drug and/or alcohol use or possession of drugs and/or
alcohol.
Drug Testing Affiliates
Any Lab Test Now
Any Lab Test Now is the first direct access lab testing services company. With 145+ stores across the U.S., Any
Lab Test Now makes it easy for consumers and businesses alike to manage their health by providing direct
access to clinical, DNA and toxicology testing services. Any Lab Test Now partners with many major, high-quality
laboratories throughout the U.S. to provide affordable and comprehensive lab testing services directly.

ATN
ATN has performed workplace drug testing since 1997 and has quickly developed into one of the nation’s most
advanced toxicology laboratories. Its personnel have an average of 20 years of experience in substance abuse
testing, and their state-of-the-art laboratory employs the latest technology, including high-throughput
instruments and highly efficient specimen processing systems. This volume makes ATN one of the country’s
largest single-site drug testing laboratories.
Concentra
Concentra is a healthcare company serving patients, employers, and the healthcare industry. Concentra is the
largest provider of healthcare services in the nation. Concentra's corporate culture has evolved and been
enriched by the addition of new leadership and companies. But all along it has operated by a core set of values: a
fundamental commitment to integrity, a dedication to improving healthcare, a focus on positive outcomes for
patients and customers, and a commitment to excellence, among others. Concentra has always placed emphasis
on creating successful outcomes for various customer groups, including patients, employers, administrators, and
payers.


Drug and Alcohol Testing Industry Association
The Drug and Alcohol Testing Industry Association (DATIA) was founded in 1995 as the National Association of
Collection Sites, and has grown to represent over 1300 members, and expanded its scope. DATIA now represents
the entire spectrum of drug and alcohol service providers including collection sites, laboratories,
consortiums/TPAs, MROs, and testing equipment manufacturers. DATIA’s activities and outreach efforts with the
business community and federal government to expand the market for workplace drug and alcohol testing
services produces growth and increased opportunities for organizations and the industries. DATIA’s active
representation of your interests in Washington, DC ensures that the industry’s voice is heard by key policymakers
in Congress and Federal Agencies — on issues that various businesses depends on.
eScreen
eScreen puts the largest network of occupational health providers at your fingertips with the EOHN (eScreen
Occupational Health Network). eScreen’s growing nationwide network of over 1,350+ clinics installed with the
eScreen Drug of Abuse systems and 2,000+ clinics performing lab-based specimen collections provides a
widespread network to meet your drug screening needs.
EMSI
Examination Management Services, Inc. (EMSI) provides medical information, risk management and investigative
services to the insurance, healthcare, legal, wellness and business communities. EMSI offers a solution for drug
specimen collection or alcohol testing, assistance with employee wellness programs, DNA collection or medical
staffing services for health fairs, we can create a workplace program that targets the unique needs of each client.
LabCorp
LabCorp operates a nationwide network of primary testing locations and patient service centers, and routine
testing is the cornerstone of the company’s industry-leading national network. That delivery and service network
makes it possible for LabCorp to easily offer an extensive esoteric testing portfolio and groundbreaking
technologies to a broader audience, including medically important genomic tests. LabCorp’s reputation and
proven record in the area of advanced genomic testing continues to attract the leading minds and technological
pioneers in the field. Its laboratories participated in the development of genomic applications using Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) technology and LabCorp was the first commercial laboratory to provide this innovative
technology to health care providers. LabCorp laboratories have been at the forefront of new molecular tests to
diagnose, treat and manage disease, particularly in the areas of infectious disease, oncology and
genetics.LabCorp combines its expertise in innovative clinical testing technology with specialized Centers of
Excellence.
Medtox
MEDTOX operates a SAMHSA-certified drug testing laboratory, a CAP and CLIA-certified clinical laboratory and a
diagnostic division which is an FDA registered establishment. Our comprehensive laboratory and diagnostic
testing services coupled with our commitment to excellent customer service ensures that our clients' testing
programs operate as efficiently and effectively as possible. We are committed to building strong relationships
with our clients; being responsive to their questions and adaptable to their needs.
Quest Diagnostics
Quest Diagnostics is the world’s leading provider of diagnostic testing services, information and services that
patients and doctors need to make better healthcare decisions. With a medical and scientific staff of
approximately 900 MDs and PhDs, Quest Diagnostics has an extensive network of convenient patient locations
and laboratories and a range of complementary diagnostic products. Quest Diagnostics is driven to discover and
deliver diagnostic insights and innovations that help to improve human health.
SAMHSA
Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (formerly NIDA, National Institute of Drug Abuse) is the
department of the federal government that regulates and certifies laboratories currently processing DOT
specimens. Laboratories with the SAMHSA certification are also available to test Non-DOT samples. These
laboratories confirm all positive drug screen samples by GC/MS testing.
US Healthworks
Based in California, U.S. HealthWorks Medical Group was founded in 1995. With close to 200 locations in 17
states, and 2,000 employees including approximately 350 affiliated physicians – U.S. HealthWorks centers serve
thousands of patients each day throughout the country. ESS utilizes their drug testing services.

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