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DEFINING VS NON- DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Unit 4
IDENTIFYING VS NON-IDENTIFYING
                                 NON-IDENTIFYING
IDENTIFYING CLAUSES
                                 CLAUSES

 Identify or classify            Describe the person
  nouns.                           /thing identified and
 Tell us which                    provides extra
  person/thing is meant            information
       E.g. People who take      E.g. This is Ms Rogers,
        physical exercise live     who’s joining the firm
        longer                     next week
PUNCTUATION
IDENTIFYING                     NON-IDENTIFYING

   Usually follow               Are normally separated
    immediately after the         by pauses and /or
    noun that they modify
    without a break: they are     intonation breaks and
    not separated by pauses       commas.
    or intonation movements      E.g. Dorothy, who
    in speech, or by commas
    in writing.
                                  does my hair, has
                                  moved to another
   E.g. The woman who
    does my hair has              city.
    moved to another
    hairdresser’s
WHO- AS OBJECT IN IDENTIFYING CLAUSES
WHO- IDENTIFYING             WHOM- NON-IDENTIFYING

   E.g. The woman who I        He met Rachel, whom
    marry will have a good       she was later to marry.
    sense of humour.

   N.B. WHOM is more
    formal
WHO/WHOM
   http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-2.html
POSITION OF PREPOSITIONS
1. BEFORE RELATIVE PRONOUNS
2. AT THE END OF CLAUSES


RELATIVE+ PREPOSITION=
+ FORMAL                   PREPOSITION STRANDING

 1. He was respected by    1. He was respected by
  the people with whom       the people he worked
  he worked                  with.
 2. This is the room in    This is the room I was
  which I was born=          born in.
EXERCISES

   http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-
    2.html#preps
THINGS : OF WHICH, THAT…..OF
   Instead of whose, we can use of which or that…of ( less
    formal) to refer to things, and these are sometimes
    preferred.
   The most common word order is :
       noun+ of which
       noun+ that…..of
       of which…….+ noun
     Examples
    He’s written a book whose name I’ve forgotten.
    He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten.
    He’s written a book that I’ve forgotten the name of.
    He’s written a book of which I’ve forgotten the name.
PRACTICE 1: OF WHICH
   http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-8.html
1. EXERCISE ON RELATIVE CLAUSES
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

   Combine the sentences using relative clauses. Note that all
    relative clauses are non-defining.
   Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson
    was born in 1709.
    Samuel
    Johnson ________________________________________
   In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in
    Oxford.
    In 1728, he went _______________________________________
   Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to
    pay the fees.
    Johnson _____________________________________________
    _
   In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry,
    essays and biographies.
    In 1737,
    Johnson _______________________________________
 In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine
  years to complete.
  In 1746, Johnson started __________________________
 His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London. It is a
  museum now.
  17 Gough Square in London ________________________
 In this house, his wife died in 1752. Her name was Elizabeth
  Porter.
  In this house his wife ____________________________
 In 1755, the work was published. It was called A Dictionary of
  the English Language.
  In 1755, the work ______________________________
 Samuel Johnson died in 1784. He is buried in Westminster
  Abbey.
  Samuel Johnson _______________________________
EXERCISES NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
   Check your keys here

   http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-
    up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?12
OTHER RELATED TOPICS
PREPOSITION PLACEMENT
   http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/preps-
    placement.html
WEBBLOGRAPHY

 http://www.grammar-quizzes.com
 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-
  up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?12
 You can take this diagnosis test here:
       http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/adjcl-diagnostic.html



   More Power Points
    http://www.slideshare.net/joseanis/relative-clauses-
    6595371

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Defining vs non defining relative clauses-advanced

  • 1. DEFINING VS NON- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Unit 4
  • 2. IDENTIFYING VS NON-IDENTIFYING NON-IDENTIFYING IDENTIFYING CLAUSES CLAUSES  Identify or classify  Describe the person nouns. /thing identified and  Tell us which provides extra person/thing is meant information  E.g. People who take  E.g. This is Ms Rogers, physical exercise live who’s joining the firm longer next week
  • 3. PUNCTUATION IDENTIFYING NON-IDENTIFYING  Usually follow  Are normally separated immediately after the by pauses and /or noun that they modify without a break: they are intonation breaks and not separated by pauses commas. or intonation movements  E.g. Dorothy, who in speech, or by commas in writing. does my hair, has moved to another  E.g. The woman who does my hair has city. moved to another hairdresser’s
  • 4. WHO- AS OBJECT IN IDENTIFYING CLAUSES WHO- IDENTIFYING WHOM- NON-IDENTIFYING  E.g. The woman who I  He met Rachel, whom marry will have a good she was later to marry. sense of humour.  N.B. WHOM is more formal
  • 5. WHO/WHOM  http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-2.html
  • 6. POSITION OF PREPOSITIONS 1. BEFORE RELATIVE PRONOUNS 2. AT THE END OF CLAUSES RELATIVE+ PREPOSITION= + FORMAL PREPOSITION STRANDING  1. He was respected by  1. He was respected by the people with whom the people he worked he worked with.  2. This is the room in  This is the room I was which I was born= born in.
  • 7. EXERCISES  http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses- 2.html#preps
  • 8. THINGS : OF WHICH, THAT…..OF  Instead of whose, we can use of which or that…of ( less formal) to refer to things, and these are sometimes preferred.  The most common word order is :  noun+ of which  noun+ that…..of  of which…….+ noun  Examples He’s written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. He’s written a book the name of which I’ve forgotten. He’s written a book that I’ve forgotten the name of. He’s written a book of which I’ve forgotten the name.
  • 9. PRACTICE 1: OF WHICH  http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/clauses-8.html
  • 10. 1. EXERCISE ON RELATIVE CLAUSES NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES  Combine the sentences using relative clauses. Note that all relative clauses are non-defining.  Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson was born in 1709. Samuel Johnson ________________________________________  In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford. In 1728, he went _______________________________________  Johnson had to leave Oxford without a degree. He was too poor to pay the fees. Johnson _____________________________________________ _  In 1737, Johnson moved to London. There he wrote poetry, essays and biographies. In 1737, Johnson _______________________________________
  • 11.  In 1746, Johnson started to write his dictionary. It took him nine years to complete. In 1746, Johnson started __________________________  His home at that time was in 17 Gough Square in London. It is a museum now. 17 Gough Square in London ________________________  In this house, his wife died in 1752. Her name was Elizabeth Porter. In this house his wife ____________________________  In 1755, the work was published. It was called A Dictionary of the English Language. In 1755, the work ______________________________  Samuel Johnson died in 1784. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. Samuel Johnson _______________________________
  • 12. EXERCISES NON-DEFINING CLAUSES  Check your keys here  http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram- up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?12
  • 13. OTHER RELATED TOPICS PREPOSITION PLACEMENT  http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/preps- placement.html
  • 14. WEBBLOGRAPHY  http://www.grammar-quizzes.com  http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram- up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?12  You can take this diagnosis test here:  http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/adjcl-diagnostic.html  More Power Points http://www.slideshare.net/joseanis/relative-clauses- 6595371