1. RESEARCH ON LOW-COSTRESEARCH ON LOW-COST
ALTERNATIVES FOR SOCIALALTERNATIVES FOR SOCIAL
HOUSING IN BRAZILHOUSING IN BRAZIL
Prof. Dr. Eduardo Krüger
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná,
Curitiba PR, Brazil
BRAZILIAN-GERMAN FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIA
Brasilia, Nov 8-11 2012 - Session ‘CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ECOLOGICAL
HOUSING’

2.  Social Housing in Brazil
 Bioclimatic approach
 Techniques evaluated
OutlineOutline

3. NumbersNumbers
LOCALIDADE
ANO
2007 2008
Região Norte 610.354 555.130
Região Nordeste 2.095.891 1.946.735
Região Sudeste 2.226.561 2.046.312
Região Sul 656.796 580.893
Região Centro-Oeste 399.462 417.240
BRASIL 5.989.064 5.546.310
Fonte: Déficit Habitacional no Brasil 2008 - Ministério das Cidades / Fundação João Pinheiro-FJP.
Presently 6.273.000 dwellings (2013)

4. NumbersNumbers
Fonte: Déficit Habitacional no Brasil 2008 - Ministério das Cidades / Fundação João Pinheiro-FJP.
Current minimum wage in Brazil (2013): US $337
LOCALIDADE
FAIXAS DE RENDA MÉDIA FAMILIAR MENSAL (em salários mínimos)
até 3 mais de 3 a 5 mais de 5 a 10 mais de 10 TOTAL (2)
Região Norte 88,6 7,8 3,0 0,6 100,0
Região Nordeste 95,6 2,8 1,2 0,4 100,0
Região Sudeste 87,5 8,7 3,2 0,6 100,0
Rio de Janeiro 88,9 6,6 3,6 0,8 100,0
São Paulo 84,5 11,1 3,7 0,6 100,0
Região Sul 83,4 11,4 4,5 0,7 100,0
Região Centro-Oeste 89,9 5,3 3,3 1,4 100,0
BRASIL 89,6 7,0 2,8 0,6 100,0
in US $ < $1011 $1011-$1685 $1685-$3370 > $3371

5. STRATEGIES - POLICIESSTRATEGIES - POLICIES
• Formal policies
•Política Nacional de Habitação (PNH)
•Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV)
•Plano Estadual de Habitação de Interesse Social
(PEHIS)
•Plano Local de Habitação de Interesse Social
(PLHI)
• Informal solutions
• Slum upgrading (reabilitação urbana)

6. STRATEGIES - POLICIESSTRATEGIES - POLICIES
• Slum upgrading (reabilitação urbana)
“HELPING PEOPLE TO HELP THEMSELVES”
In 1972, John F. C. Turner published his book, Freedom
to Build, in which he argued for a theoretical strategy to
solve the problem of slums. He argued that
governments should not try to tackle the housing
problem itself, but all of the components of the area.
Thus, by implementing good sewage and clean water
and good paths for people to walk on, people would
gradually better their abodes on their own. <Wikipedia>
...... The role of public universitiesThe role of public universities

7. BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH

8. BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH
Bioclimatic zoning in Brazil
Zoneamento Bioclimático Original
NBR 15220 – Desempenho Térmico de
Edificações Habitacionais Unifamiliares de
Interesse Social (ABNT, 2005) [terceira parte da
norma: primeira versão do Zoneamento
Bioclimático Brasileiro]

9. BIOCLIMATIC APPROACHBIOCLIMATIC APPROACH
Bioclimatic zoning in Brazil
Design guidelines (for social housing)

10. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses in Curitiba
• Technological Village of Curitiba, 120 houses, 100 of them
occupied, 20 show-rooms, different building systems
• Thermal monitoring Ta and RH with data-loggers in winter 2000
and in summer 2000/2001
• Results interpreted relative to buildings’ characteristics

11. BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 1
Design guidelines (for social housing)

12. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses
Description
Concrete panels
Wood panels
Wood panels
Mineralized wood boards
Polystyrene plastered boards
Earth cement bricks
Hardwood boards
Masonry, insulated
Lightweight concrete panels
Fiber cement panels
Concrete panels with inner air layer
Concrete boards
Concrete panels with inner air layer
Concrete panels with polystyrene
inner layer
Ceramic hollow blocks
Concrete hollow blocks
Concrete boards
Concrete panels

13. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses (WINTER)

14. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses (SUMMER)

15. Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses (WINTER-SUMMER / Comfort)

16. How to improve???How to improve???
Studies on alternativeStudies on alternative
building materials andbuilding materials and
techniquestechniques

17. USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEUSE OF CONCRETE RUBBLE
Marcio Komeno’s study on the use of rubble to increase
thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB)
TC1 – hollow concrete blocks
TC2 – concrete blocks with rubble
TC3 – concrete blocks with rubble and plaster

18. BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4BIOCLIMATIC ZONE 4
Design guidelines (for social housing)

19. USE OF CONCRETE RUBBLEUSE OF CONCRETE RUBBLE
Marcio Komeno’s study on the use of rubble to increase
thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB)

20. USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAK
Graziela Suetake´s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as
low-e material in roofs in Curitiba
•
Test-cells concrete blocks, light concrete blocks, ceramic – 1m³ internal volume

21. USE OF TETRAPAKUSE OF TETRAPAK
Graziela Suetake´s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as
low-e material in roofs
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00horas
T(°C)
abrigo
cel isopor
cel calc sem isol
cel calc Tetra Pak telha
cel calc foil
cel calc Tetra Pak interior
Performance in summer similar to that of a 5cm styrofoam boards
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
horas
T(°C)
cel isopor cel calc sem isol cel calc TETRAPAK interior

22. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES
Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of
insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba
Thermal performance analysis of a building prototype - in winter / summer
SALA
A: 11,52m²A: 2,40m²
BWC
HALL
A: 1,42m²
A: 5,12m²
CHURRASQ.
A: 24,50 m²
PLANTA
PROJEÇÃO COBERTURA
Pt. 10 Pt. 1 Pt. 3 Pt. 8
Pt. 4; Pt. 5; Pt. 6
Pt. 7 Pt. 9
Pt. 2
SENSORES

23. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES
Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of
insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba
Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in Brazil – classified
according to IPT´s rating scheme
IPT-inverno Critérios IPT-verão Critérios
Cidade A B C Cidade A B C
Fortaleza 365 0 0 Brasília 365 0 0
São Luís 365 0 0 Fortaleza 365 0 0
Natal 365 0 0 São Luís 365 0 0
Recife 365 0 0 Natal 365 0 0
Vitória 362 3 0 Vitória 365 0 0
Maringá 311 49 5 Recife 365 0 0
Florianópolis 290 67 8 Maringá 364 1 0
Brasília 269 95 1 Florianópolis 359 6 0
São Paulo 209 155 1 São Paulo 349 16 0
Porto Alegre 201 133 31 Porto Alegre 332 33 0
Curitiba 119 185 61 Curitiba 314 49 2

24. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES
Francisco dos Santos’s study on the use of PET bottles
as a lighting source for Curitiba
Sources: RECICLA E DECORA (2012), Equipe de obra (2012)

25. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES
Francisco dos Santos’s study on the use of PET bottles
as a lighting source for Curitiba

26. USE OF PET BOTTLESUSE OF PET BOTTLES
Francisco dos Santos’s study on the use of PET bottles
as a lighting source for Curitiba
290 327
114 171
346
999
1557
421
626
14881515
885
344
862
1455
4759
3391
745
2156
2959
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
config1 config2 config3 config4 config5
Eint(lux)
Configurações
Eint_inv_8h CC Eint_inv_12h CC Eint_ver_8h CC Eint_ver_12h CC
Clear sky conditions – calculated from estimated external illuminances
given by DLN software (Eint/Eext factor obtained from measurements on a
clear day)
Overcast conditions – calculated from estimated external illuminances
given by DLN software (Eint/Eext factor obtained from measurements on a
clear day)
74 83
29
43
88
194
302
82
122
289286
167
65
163
275
823
587
129
373
512
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
config1 config2 config3 config4 config5
Eint(lux)
Configurações
Eint_inv_8h CE Eint_inv_12h CE Eint_ver_8h CE Eint_ver_12h CE

27. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY
Eimi Suzuki’s study

28. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY
Eimi Suzuki’s study
Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-
days approach

29. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY
Eimi Suzuki’s study
Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-
days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings
Graphs show normalized data for winter-spring (left) and summer periods (right)

30. TROMBE WALL STUDYTROMBE WALL STUDY
Eimi Suzuki’s study
Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-
days approach, for different modes of operation of the openings
Graph shows degree days for cooling and heating (two months in winter and summer)

31. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS

32. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS
Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture
Buried structures (estruturas subterrâneas) from the Itarare tradition – study on the indigenous use
of soil thermal mass

33. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS
Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture
Current state and planned roof construction for indoor thermal monitoring

34. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS
Vernacular indigenous architectureVernacular indigenous architecture
Method adopted by Etzion et al. for monitoring a semi-buried house in the Negev desert, Israel

35. ONGOING PROJECTSONGOING PROJECTS
Slum upgrading project in Vila NovaSlum upgrading project in Vila Nova
EsperançaEsperança
Possible technologies to be applied in low-cost houses:
1)Tetrapak roof insulation (and perhaps wall insulation)
2)PET bottles for daylighting

36. Vielen Dank für IhreVielen Dank für Ihre
Aufmerksamkeit!Aufmerksamkeit!
Contact : ekruger@utfpr.edu.brContact : ekruger@utfpr.edu.br
BRAZILIAN-GERMAN FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIA
Brasilia, Nov 8-11 2012 - Session ‘CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ECOLOGICAL