1. CClliimmaattee rreessppoonnssiivvee
AArrcchhiitteeccttuurree iinn BBrraazziill ––
eexxaammpplleess ffrroomm CCuurriittiibbaa
Masterproject „Tropical Wood Architecture – Case Study Brazil“
Prof. Dr. Eduardo Krüger
Gastwissenschaftler Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) – Fachbereich
Bayphysik und technischer Ausbau (fbta)
Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba PR, Brazil

2. BBIIOOCCLLIIMMAATTIICC AAPPPPRROOAACCHH

3. BBiioocclliimmaattiicc zzoonniinngg iinn BBrraazziill
Zoneamento Bioclimático Original
NBR 15220 – Desempenho Térmico de
Edificações Habitacionais Unifamiliares de
Interesse Social (ABNT, 2005) [terceira parte da
norma: primeira versão do Zoneamento
Bioclimático Brasileiro]

4. Methods used ffoorr tthhee ffiirrsstt vveerrssiioonn ooff
tthhee BBrraazziilliiaann BBiioocclliimmaattiicc ZZoonniinngg
• Mahoney Tables
• Givoni’s Building Bioclimatic Chart (BBC)

5. MMaahhoonneeyy TTaabblleess
Method proposed in 1970 by Carl Mahoney (AA School, London)
for bioclimatic design
• Gathering and organizing climate data (climate normals)
• Analysis of data in a set of Tables
• General recommendations for building design

6. MMaahhoonneeyy TTaabblleess
Wikipedia:
The tables use readily available climate data and simple calculations to give design guidelines, in a manner similar
to a spreadsheet, as opposed to detailed thermal analysis or simulation. There are six tables; four are used for
entering climatic data, for comparison with the requirements for thermal comfort; and two for reading off
appropriate design criteria. A rough outline of the table usage is:
 Air Temperatures. The max, min, and mean temperatures for each month are entered into this table.
 Humidity, Precipitation, and Wind. The max, min, and mean figures for each month are entered into this table,
and the conditions for each month classified into a humidity group.
 Comparison of Comfort Conditions and Climate. The desired max/min temperatures are entered, and compared
to the climatic values from table 1. A note is made if the conditions create heat stress or cold stress (i.e. the
building will be too hot or cold).
 Indicators (of humid or arid conditions). Rules are provided for combining the stress (table 3) and humidity
groups (table 2) to check a box classifying the humidity and aridity for each month. For each of six possible
indicators, the number of months where that indicator was checked are added up, giving a yearly total.
 Schematic Design Recommendations. The yearly totals in table 4 correspond to rows in this table, listing
schematic design recommendations, e.g. 'buildings oriented on east-west axis to reduce sun exposure', 'medium
sized openings, 20%-40% of wall area'.
 Design Development Recommendations. Again the yearly totals from table 4 are used to read off
recommendations, e.g. 'roofs should be high-mass and well insulated'.

7. MMaahhoonneeyy TTaabblleess

8. GGiivvoonnii’’ss BBBBCC
-20 -15 -10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
T B S [ ° C ]
T B U [ ° C ]
W [ g / k g ]
U F S C - E C V - L a b E E E - N P C
ZONAS:
1
1. Conforto
2
2. Ventilacao
3
3. Resfriamento Evaporativo
5
5. Ar Condicionado
6
6. Umidificação
7
7. Massa Térmica/ Aquecimento Solar
8
8. Aquecimento Solar Passivo
9
9. Aquecimento Artificial
1 1
11.Vent./Massa/Resf. Evap.
1 2
12.Massa/Resf. Evap.
TRY data plotted against BBC – Analysis Bio software

9. BBC for selected locations in Brazil, oorrddeerreedd bbyy llaattiittuuddee ––
pprreeddiicctteedd HHEEAATT,, CCOOMMFFOORRTT aanndd CCOOLLDD

10. BBC for selected locations in Brazil, oorrddeerreedd bbyy llaattiittuuddee ––
rreeccoommmmeennddeedd ssttrraatteeggiieess

11. BBiioocclliimmaattiicc zzoonniinngg iinn BBrraazziill
DESIGN GUIDELINES

12. PPEERRFFOORRMMAANNCCEE
EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN
CCuurriittiibbaa llooccaattiioonn

13. • Curitiba is a city of 1.8 million inhabitants in Southern Brazil, at
13
25°25’ S, 49°16’ W and 934m altitude, in a region of temperate
oceanic climate (Cfb), typically with dry winter and wet summers
13
AAbboouutt CCuurriittiibbaa

14. AAbboouutt CCuurriittiibbaa
• Widely regarded as a laboratory
for innovation in urban design and
urban management, Curitiba
became known as an “ecological
city” in the early 1990s
• The city has a long history in
Brazilian urban planning

15. BBIIOOCCLLIIMMAATTIICC ZZOONNEE 11
Design guidelines (for social housing)

16. TThheerrmmaall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost
houses in Curitiba
• Technological Village of Curitiba, 120 houses, 100 of them occupied, 20
show-rooms, different building systems
• Thermal monitoring Ta and RH with data-loggers in winter 2000 and in
summer 2000/2001
• Results interpreted relative to buildings’ characteristics

17. TThheerrmmaall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost
houses
Description
Concrete panels
Wood panels
Wood panels
Mineralized wood boards
Polystyrene plastered boards
Earth cement bricks
Hardwood boards
Masonry, insulated
Lightweight concrete panels
Fiber cement panels
Concrete panels with inner air layer
Concrete boards
Concrete panels with inner air layer
Concrete panels with polystyrene
inner layer
Ceramic hollow blocks
Concrete hollow blocks
Concrete boards
Concrete panels

18. TThheerrmmaall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of occupied low-cost
houses (WINTER)

19. TThheerrmmaall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses (SUMMER)

20. TThheerrmmaall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses (WINTER-SUMMER / Comfort)

21. TThheerrmmaall PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee
Eliane Dumke’s study on thermal performance of
occupied low-cost houses
HOW DID THE WOOD HOUSES PERFORM???
Empresa/Estado Parede Cobertura
2 Battistella/SC Painéis de madeira com revestimento acrílico. Forro de madeira, câmara de ar com ventilação
e telhas de fibrocimento.
3 Kürten/PR Painéis de madeira de pinus. Forro de madeira e telha cerâmica.
7 Todeschini//MS Kit pré-fabricado de madeira de lei. Forro de madeira e telha cerâmica.

22. HHooww ttoo iimmpprroovvee??????
LLooww--ccoosstt,, rreeccyycclleedd
mmaatteerriiaallss,, rreeuussee

23. TTHHEERRMMAALL MMAASSSS:: UUSSEE OOFF
CCOONNCCRREETTEE RRUUBBBBLLEE
Marcio Komeno’s study on the use of rubble to increase
thermal mass in Brasilia (UNB)
TC1 – hollow concrete blocks
TC2 – concrete blocks with rubble
TC3 – concrete blocks with rubble and plaster

24. BBIIOOCCLLIIMMAATTIICC ZZOONNEE 44
Design guidelines (for social housing)

25. UUSSEE OOFF CCOONNCCRREETTEE RRUUBBBBLLEE
Marcio Komeno’s study on the use of rubble to increase thermal
mass in Brasilia (UNB)

26. IIMMPPRROOVVIINNGG RROOOOFF’’SS IINNSSUULLAATTIIOONN::
UUSSEE OOFF TTEETTRRAAPPAAKK
Graziela Suetake´s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as low-e
material in roofs in Curitiba
•
Test-cells concrete blocks, light concrete blocks, ceramic – 1m³ internal volume

27. UUSSEE OOFF TTEETTRRAAPPAAKK
Graziela Suetake´s study on the use of Tetrapak sheets as
low-e material in roofs
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
00:00
02:00
04:00
06:00
08:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
horas
T (°C)
abrigo
cel isopor
cel calc sem isol
cel calc Tetra Pak telha
cel calc foil
cel calc Tetra Pak interior
Performance in summer similar to that of a 5cm styrofoam boards
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00
horas
T (°C)
cel isopor cel calc sem isol cel calc TETRAPAK interior

28. IINNCCRREEAASSIINNGG WWAALLLLSS’’ IINNSSUULLAATTIIOONN::
UUSSEE OOFF PPEETT BBOOTTTTLLEESS
Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of
insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba
Pt. 10 Pt. 1 Pt. 3 Pt. 8
SALA
BWC
A: 2,40m² A: 11,52m²
Pt. 2
HALL
A: 1,42m²
CHURRASQ.
A: 5,12m²
PLANTA
A: 24,50 m²
Pt. 4; Pt. 5; Pt. 6
Pt. 7 Pt. 9
PROJEÇÃO COBERTURA
SENSORES
Thermal performance analysis of a building prototype - in winter / summer

29. IINNCCRREEAASSIINNGG WWAALLLLSS’’ IINNSSUULLAATTIIOONN::
UUSSEE OOFF PPEETT BBOOTTTTLLEESS
Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of
insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba
Monitoring and use of predictive formulas
35,00
30,00
25,00
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
t (dias)
T (ºC)
Temperatura mínima interna T =0,857*Tmin,ext GTTméd,ext +0,816*(Tmax,ext TTméd,-GTint )+0,288*(T1)-T)+3,55 Eq.2
min, intminminminavg(n-minTemperatura média interna T=0,851*GT+0,602*(T-GT)+3,55 Eq.3
avg, intavgavgavgTemperatura máxima
T=0,802*GT+0,738*(T-GT)+3,55 Eq.4
max, intmaxmaxmaxinterna

30. UUSSEE OOFF PPEETT BBOOTTTTLLEESS
Study on the use of PET bottles as a hollow part of
insulated concrete blocks (‘ISOPET’) in Curitiba
Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in Brazil –
classified according to IPT´s rating scheme
IPT-inverno Critérios IPT-verão Critérios
Cidade A B C Cidade A B C
Fortaleza 365 0 0 Brasília 365 0 0
São Luís 365 0 0 Fortaleza 365 0 0
Natal 365 0 0 São Luís 365 0 0
Recife 365 0 0 Natal 365 0 0
Vitória 362 3 0 Vitória 365 0 0
Maringá 311 49 5 Recife 365 0 0
Florianópolis 290 67 8 Maringá 364 1 0
Brasília 269 95 1 Florianópolis 359 6 0
São Paulo 209 155 1 São Paulo 349 16 0
Porto Alegre 201 133 31 Porto Alegre 332 33 0
Curitiba 119 185 61 Curitiba 314 49 2

31. HHooww ttoo iimmpprroovvee??????
PPaassssiivvee tteecchhnniiqquueess

32. TTRROOMMBBEE WWAALLLL SSTTUUDDYY
Eimi Suzuki’s study

33. TTRROOMMBBEE WWAALLLL SSTTUUDDYY
Eimi Suzuki’s study
Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-days approach

34. TTRROOMMBBEE WWAALLLL SSTTUUDDYY
Eimi Suzuki’s study
Experimental configurations

35. TTRROOMMBBEE WWAALLLL SSTTUUDDYY
Eimi Suzuki’s study
Measurements and predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-days approach,
for different modes of operation of the openings
Graphs show normalized data for winter-spring (left) and summer periods (right)

36. TTRROOMMBBEE WWAALLLL SSTTUUDDYY
Eimi Suzuki’s study

37. TTRROOMMBBEE WWAALLLL SSTTUUDDYY
Eimi Suzuki’s study
Measurements and performance predictions for other climatic regions in southern Brazil – degree-days
approach, for different modes of operation of the openings relative to a base case without the system
Graph shows % reduction in cooling and heating degree days (two months in winter and summer)

38. EEvvaappoorraattiivvee CCoooolliinngg SSyysstteemm ‘‘VViivviieennddaa BBiioocclliimmááttiiccaa PPrroottoottiippoo’’
((VVBBPP--11)) –– oonnggooiinngg ccoollllaabboorraattiioonn wwiitthh EEdduuaarrddoo GGoonnzzaalleezz
A Vivienda Bioclimática Prototipo (VBP-1)
C Sistema de “cobertura-tanque de água” sobre os dormitórios
B Planta da Vivienda VBP-1
D Esquema do SPREI

39. VVBBPP--11 iinn MMaarraaccaaiibboo

40. MMaarraaccaaiibboo –– hhoott hhuummiidd ccoonnddiittiioonnss
Diagrama Psicrométrico
Pb: 101.325 kPa. Altitud: 0 m
Zona de Confort y Estrategias
de Diseño.
Eduardo González, Abril 2006.
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
90 80 70 60 50
40
20
TBH 26ºC
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Temperatura de Bulbo Seco (°C)
Tasa de Humedad (gr/kg) .
ZC EG-81
Masa Térmica
Ventilación
Enf. Evaporativo
Masa Term+Vent
Masa Térmica-C
Cal. Pasivo
Exterior
Espacio
10
100
30
15
20
25
HR (%)
10
30
5
MMaarraaccaaiibboo,, VVeenneezzuueellaa
•Lat: 10° 34’ N
•Long: 71°44’ W
•Alt: 66 msnm
•Temperature (avg): 27.6 °C
•Rel. Humid.: 76%
•Daily temp. swing: 8°C
•Precipitation 450~500 mm
•Solar global radiation, avg per
day: 4.2 kWh/m²
TBH 24ºC

41. MMoonniittoorriinngg tthhee ssyysstteemm
Fev 10 – Maio 12 Maio 13 – Sep 17
• DDee ffeevveerreeiirroo aa mmaaiioo - Tmax em torno de 30 °C e Tmin redor de 25,5 °C . Oscilação diurna
≈ 4,5 °C. Dados para geração dos modelos.
• DDee mmaaiioo aa sseetteemmbbrroo - Tmax em torno de 33 ºC e Tmin redor de 27 ºC. Oscilação diurna ≈
6,0 °C. Dados para validação dos modelos.
• Um clima muito difícil para a implementação de resfriamento evaporativo.

42. Generating predictive formulas ffoorr tthhee ssyysstteemm ––
Pond = 3.67 + 0.6449*WBT + 0.3261*Tavg - 0.0638*Swing - 1.68*Water - 0.5*Fans (1)
SB_Max = -0.15 + 0.1333*Tavg + 0.6477*Pond + 0.2312*RnAvg + 0.1985*Swing +0.8*Use
SB_Avg = -1.0 + 0.1568*Tavg + 0.5925*Pond + 0.2899*RnAvg + 0.0406*Swing + 0.7*Use
SB_Min = 1+ 0.5414*Pond + 0.3298*RnAvg+0.0932*Tmin - 0.0668*Tdrop + 0.41*Use
(2)
(3)
(4)
NB_Max = -1.8 + 0.1616*Tavg + 0.5455*Pond + 0.3732*RnAvg + 0.113*Swing
NB_Avg = -2.3 + 0.1744*Tavg + 0.5319*Pond + 0.381*RnAvg + 0.0011*Swing
NB_Min = 1+ 0.5414*Pond + 0.3298*RnAvg+0.0932*Tmin - 0.0668*Tdrop
(5)
( 6)
(7)
ccoollllaabboorraattiioonn wwiitthh BBaarruucchh GGiivvoonnii
WBT = Temperatura de bulbo úmido
Tavg = Temperatura média diária externa
Tmin = Temperatura mínima diária externa
RnAvg = Temperatura média ext de 10 dias anteriores
Swing = Amplitude da temperatura diária (Tmax-Tmin)
Pond = Temperatura da água no sistema teto-reservatório (Eq.1)
Tdrop = Tmax(n-1) -Tmin – Diferença de temperatura entre máxima do dia anterior e mínima do dia atual
Use = (uso do dormitório sul): 1 = com uso; 0 = sem uso
Fans = 0 = extrator desligado
1 = Uso de extrator de 8"
2 = Uso de extrator de 8" e Uso de extrator de 14"
Water = 0 = sem água no sistema cobertura-tanque de água
1 = com água no sistema cobertura-tanque de água

43. Using the formulas ffoorr pprreeddiiccttiinngg tthheerrmmaall
ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee
Climate: Maracaibo
+ Usage
Climates: 1, 2, 3,….. 411.
+
Timax = GTm + DelT + k(Tm-GTm)
Tim = GTm + DelT …..
Timin = GTmin + ….

44. Outdoor hheeaatt ddiissccoommffoorrtt iinn BBrraazziill
Cooling degree-days for the upper limit of the adaptive comfort range

45. Applicability ooff tthhee ssyysstteemm
Temperature drop in the two bedrooms (North Bedroom empty, South Bedroom occupied)

46. Applicability ooff tthhee ssyysstteemm
Percentage reduction of cooling degree-days

47. HHooww wwaass tthhee
vveerrnnaaccuullaarr
aapppprrooaacchh??????

48. VVeerrnnaaccuullaarr iinnddiiggeennoouuss
aarrcchhiitteeccttuurree
Buried structures (estruturas subterrâneas) from the Itarare tradition – study on the indigenous use of soil thermal
mass

49. VVeerrnnaaccuullaarr iinnddiiggeennoouuss
aarrcchhiitteeccttuurree
Current state and planned roof construction for indoor thermal monitoring – WORK IN PROGRESS …

50. CCuurrrreenntt ssttuuddyy aatt KKIITT
LLiinnkkaaggee ttoo ootthheerr aassppeeccttss ooff cclliimmaattee
rreessppoonnssiivveenneessss::
•DDaayylliigghhtt // ssoollaarr ggaaiinnss ((ppaarrttiiccuullaarrllyy ffoorr CCuurriittiibbaa))
•CClliimmaattee rreessppoonnssiivvee uurrbbaann ppllaannnniinngg

51. FFiieelldd ssttuuddyy oonn ddaayylliigghhtt eeffffeeccttss oonn uusseerrss
aanndd oouuttddoooorr tthheerrmmaall ccoommffoorrtt vveerrssuuss
lloonngg-- aanndd sshhoorrtt--tteerrmm aacccclliimmaattiizzaattiioonn aatt
tthhee cclliimmaattee cchhaammbbeerr LLOOBBSSTTEERR
PPrrooff.. DDrr.. EEdduuaarrddoo LL.. KKrrüüggeerr
PPhhDD SSttuuddeenntt CCiinnttiiaa TTaammuurraa
UUnniivveerrssiiddaaddee TTeeccnnoollóóggiiccaa FFeeddeerraall ddoo PPaarraannáá –– UUTTFFPPRR
CCuurriittiibbaa.. PPaarraannáá,, BBrraazziill
eekkrruuggeerr@@uuttffpprr..eedduu..bbrr

52. Research Methods - Daylight
study

53. Research Methods - Daylight
study
• Research purpose: explore the relationship between the availability of
daylight resulting from solar orientation of openings in buildings, i.e. solar
access and impacts on non-visual health of adult humans.
• Theoretical background: daylight importance for circadian cycle (Kueller
2002, Stephen 2004, Webb 2006); lack of daylight / permanence during long
periods in indoor spaces with artificial lighting can deregulate biological
cycles and alter occupant’s behavior and performance as well (Anderson at
al. 2009, Bellia et al.2011, Bará & Compostela 2014).
Fig. 1: Variation of daylight´s wavelength along the day, and
wavelenght´s values of some lamps.
Source: adapted from Hecht (2012)

54. Research Methods - Daylight
study
• Hypothesis: Different amounts of daylight provided by solar
orientation or the complete absence of daylight will bring impacts to
non-visual health and behavior of adult humans (Boyce 2004, Mead
2008, Teft 2012, Sanassi 2014, Boubekri 2008, Martau 2010).
• Method: In the present study, the impacts of opening orientation and
availability of daylight will be correlated to conditions of circadian
cycle for the same subjects in different seasons of the year.
– Measurements will be done during three seasons of the year
(winter, spring and summer) in LOBSTER. Biological indicators
of sleep/wake, activity patterns and stress levels will be
objectively measured as well as psychological indicators
involving mood, anxiety, stress levels, SAD affects, sleep quality
index.

55. Research Methods - Daylight
study
• Experimental plan with configurations
Subjects A,B Subjects A,B
OFFICE 1
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
No daylight
Daylight max
Daylight min
(shutters down)
(south-facing)
(north-facing)
No daylight
(shutters down)
Subjects E,F Subjects E,F
OFFICE 2 Daylight max
(south-facing)
No daylight
(shutters down)
No daylight
(shutters down)
Daylight min
(north-facing)
Sample:
16 Participants (ideally) with use of
LOBSTER of one whole month
[16 X 4 (days) X 3 (seasons)= 192
sessions]
8 participants (minimum) with two-week use
of LOBSTER
[8 X 4 (days) X 3 (seasons)= 96
sessions]

56. Research Methods -
Acclimatization study

57. Research Methods -
Acclimatization study
• Research purpose: evaluation of short and long-term acclimatization
effects on a subject’s thermal sensation and perception.
• Theoretical background: stepping from thermal homogeneity to the
outdoors should create immediate responses that could diminish with
time of exposure – Alliesthesia concept (Cabanac 1971, Parkinson et
al. 2012, De Dear …), once the subject was for a long time within a
thermally static environment, „with no opportunity for the body to
interpret the ‘usefulness’ of a stimulus for thermoregulation“, there is
a greater chance that he will more effectively experience thermal
pleasure / unpleasure.

58. Research Methods -
Acclimatization study
• Hypotheses’ summary
HYPOTHESIS TEST REFERENCES
alliesthesia
hypothesis
Testing whether filling out questionnaires after a
longer time of exposure outside will give: 1) more
reliable correlations to predicted outdoor comfort
indices; 2) higher consistency of data in respect of
measured variables. Comparisons in this case
could be made to outdoor data collected in
previous studies (Brazil, Scotland).
Cabanac, 1971; Parkinson
et al., 2012; De Dear …
psychological
adaptation
Testing whether differing views of the outdoor
setting in the chamber might have an influence
over the subject’s thermal response
Nikolopoulou & Steemers,
2003
long-term or
seasonal
acclimatization
Testing whether subjective and objective
responses to outdoor conditions are correlated to
seasonal factors
ASHRAE Standard 55;
Pearlmutter et al., 2014

59. Research Methods -
Acclimatization study
• METHOD
 Short term: acclimatization effects from a sudden transition from
controlled indoor conditions to the outdoor space in three time lapses:
immediately, after 15 min and after 30 min in the outdoor space
around LOBSTER (after the 5-h period inside the chamber)
 Long term: seasonal effects of thermal preference outdoors, with
same individuals taking part of the study repeatedly in different
seasons of the year
Analysis :
 comparison of responses in different time lapses and for different
conditions (Table) to objective indices, such as UTCI [collaboration
with UTCI-developers at IfADo]
 consistency tests (statistically)

60. Research Methods -
Acclimatization study
• METHOD
Conditions Monitored
 Controlled Conditions (Indoors) with PMV=0 for all data series,
which will involve constant thermal conditions throughout the day (in
combination with the DAYLIGHTING STUDY)
 Varying Conditions (Outdoors): natural exposure, survey
questionnaires, light walking condition, standardized clothing
Variables of Interest
 Outdoor microclimatic conditions next to the subject (IfADo portable
equipment), body surface temperature
 Thermal comfort questionnaire surveys, including thermal
perception and thermal preference

61. VViieelleenn DDaannkk ffüürr IIhhrree
AAuuffmmeerrkkssaammkkeeiitt!!
CCoonnttaacctt :: eekkrruuggeerr@@uuttffpprr..eedduu..bbrr