8. Economic
assessment
of
ligh0ng
systems
annual
energy
126
kw/h
14
kw/h
Years
Service
System
running
cost
(£)
Halogen
System
running
cost
(£)
LED
3
96
60
10
250
72
25
481
91
(Swedish
Energy
Agency
-‐
LCC
tool)
13. impacts of supply
geopolitical – volatile prices
social – ethical sources
conflict metals
Image
source:
www.sustainaly3cs.com
14. green
economy
demands
complexity!
• 7
materials
• Manufacturing
energy
42MJ
(per
20M
lumen-‐
hours)
• Use
energy
60W
• 30+
materials
(17
materials
in
LED
chip)
• Manufacturing
energy
343
MJ
(per
20M
lumen-‐hours)
• Use
energy
12.5W
(DOE
2012,
DEFRA
2009)
16. how
will
you
design
to
reduce
&
recirculate
resources?
will
collec3on
rates
deliver
viable
streams?
what
processing
technologies
are
emerging?
what
guides
or
tools
inform/assist
decision
making?
is
a
shid
to
service
based
business
models
realis3c?
complexity
=
ques3ons
18. why
have
you
made
it
un-‐repairable?
upgradable?
Glued
in
baGeries
Pentalobe
screws
Soldered
in
RAM
Image
source:
www.ifixit.com
is
obsolescence
part
of
your
business
model?
19. problem:
the
things
we
procure
aren't
green
enough;
the
greenest
things
buy
into
systems!
poten3al:
need
for
partnerships
across
value
chain
–
(waste
management
to
design)
GPP
needs
to
ask
ques3ons
which
reverberate
through
value
chain
