This document summarizes a study on conflict diamonds and the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) conducted by the Royal Institute for International Relations in Belgium. The study had two objectives: 1) Strengthen the integrity of the KPCS by improving controls over informal diamond extraction and trade. 2) Improve the social and economic conditions of artisanal diamond miners and encourage their positive role in rural development. The research included case studies of artisanal mining communities and reviews of past interventions to formalize the diamond sector. The conclusions support formalizing artisanal mining to stimulate local development and reduce vulnerability while maintaining the integrity of the KPCS.

1. EGMONT – Royal Institute for International Relations, Belgium