The document summarizes Bogota's integrated public transport system called SITP. Key points: 1. SITP integrates Transmilenio BRT network and regular buses into a unified system with centralized regulation, integrated fares, and technology improvements. 2. SITP is being gradually implemented, with operation concessions awarded and technology upgrades in progress. 3. Expected impacts include more efficient operations, improved air quality from newer buses, and reduced travel times. Exposure to pollution is also expected to decrease. 4. Main challenges include negotiating contracts, improving environmental performance over time, ensuring accessibility, and adapting as demand grows.

1. Integrated Public Transport System
SITP- Bogotá
Juan Pablo Bocarejo, PhD
Director Grupo de Estudios en sostenibilidad urbana y regional -SUR

2. Overview
1. SITP
2. Where are we now
3. Expected impacts
4. Main challenges

3. 1. SITP
• An integrated system including
Transmilenio network (28%
share) and buses in mixed traffic
(72%)
• A centralized regulation
(Transmilenio S.A)
• Contracts with strong bus
companies
• Integrated fare system
• ITS for operation optimization
• Investment in terminals
• A mixed retribution system to
operators

4. 2. Where are we now
• Operation concessions awarded to 9
companies
• Technology concession awarded
• Gradual and “calm” Implementation
• Institutional strengthening
• Financing and investments by private
companies

5. 3. Expected impacts
Assessing local impacts
SITP Zones PM10 Concentration
5

6. 3. Expected impacts
Transportation Air Quality Exposure
Energy model Noise model
model Model model
Vehicle Modal VSP emissions Buit
volumes distribution environment Emission
factor by type
of vehicle
PM2.5 per link
Modal Consumption Local
distribution factors emissions
Global
emissions
Noise level
Available Concentration
Speed Concentration
technology of PM2.5
model

7. 3. Expected Impacts
• Operation
– Transmilenio Phase 3
– Decrease in bus fleet
– Efficiency and offer better
adapted to demand
– Bus stops
Average travel time
per trip -12%
In vehicle travel time -18%
Waiting /transfer time 25%

8. 3. Expected Impacts
• Air quality
– Euro IV buses replace 15 year
old average
– 5000 old buses scrapped
– Ecodriving
– Phase 3 Transmilenio

9. 3. Expected impacts
Change in emissions - PM2,5
9

10. 3. Expected impacts
Change in emissions – CO2
10

11. 3. Expected impacts
CFD Model (VADIS)
Metereological
Corridor
Data
emissions
Built
environment Wind Lagrange
(Bogotá 3D) pattern Model of
model dispersion
(FLOW) (DISPER)
Area of
simulation Sources
11

12. DustTrak Aethalometro
Continuous
particle
Monitor
UPS

13. Concentración (ug/m3)
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
0
20
40
60
80
6:26:45
6:44:14
7:01:14
7:18:14
7:35:14
7:52:14
8:09:14
8:26:14
8:43:14
9:00:14
BC (ug/m3)
9:17:14
9:34:14
9:51:14
10:08:14
10:25:14
10:42:14
Norma anual OMS (15 ug/m3)
40 per. Mov. Avg. (BC (ug/m3))
10:59:14
11:16:14
11:33:14
11:50:14
Norma diaria de calidad del aire (50ug/m3)
12:07:14
12:24:14
12:41:14
12:58:14
13:15:14
13:32:14
13:49:14
14:06:14
PM 2,5 and Black Carbon in real time
14:23:14
14:40:14
14:57:14
15:14:14
3. Expected impacts
15:31:14
PM2.5 (ug/m3)
15:48:14
16:05:14
16:22:14
16:39:14
16:56:14
Norma annual OMS (25 ug/m3)
17:13:14
40 per. Mov. Avg. (PM2.5 (ug/m3))
17:30:14
17:47:14
18:04:14
18:21:14
18:38:14
18:55:14
19:12:14
19:29:14
19:46:14
20:03:14

14. 3. Expected impacts
Carrera Universidad
Zone 1 - Base séptima Javeriana
Hospital San
Ignacio
Universidad
Distrital
14

15. 3. Expected impacts
Zone 1 - SITP
15

16. 3. Expected impacts
Av. 68
Zone 2 - Base
Zona comercial
16

17. 3. Expected impacts
Zone 2 - SITP
17

18. 3. Expected impacts
Cra 7a
E2: 92 ug/m3.h E1: 9 ug/m3.h E2: 15 ug/m3.h E1: 6 ug/m3.h
140
140
120
120
100
100
80
60
79% reduction 80
60
40
40
20 20
0 0
En Vehículo En el andén En Vehículo En el andén
Concentración (ug/m3) Tiempo (min) Exposición (ug/m3.h)
Concentración Tiempo (min) Exposición en espera
Exposure WITHOUT SITP: 101 ug/m3.h Exposure SITP: 21 ug/m3.h

19. 3. Expected Impacts
• Road safety
– Transmilenio Phase 3
– No more on street competition
– Positive incentives to drivers
– Improvement of public spaces
1998 2008
– New buses
Personal Injury Accidents
Bogotá Caracas Ave. NQS Ave.
1998 17,175 878 723
2008 10,521 355 379
% Reduction -39% -60% -48%
“Impact of BRT systems on Road Safety: Data Source: Research Department, Road Safety
Fund, 2010 and Bogotá Secretary of Mobility, 2010.
Lessons from Bogota” TRB 2011
Bocarejo, Velásquez, Díaz, Tafur

20. 4. Challenges
• A poor negotiation done by a Mayor in Disgrace
– Compensation to previous operators
– 24 year concession
• Improving Environmental performance
• Infrastructure investment included in the concession contract
to be paid by fares?
• Danger of loss of accessibility, impact on equity issues
• Subsidies policy
• Some high demand corridors need prepaid
stations, priorities, exclusive bus lanes…
• Transmilenio S.A. institutional capacity must be doubled
• Demand overcomes actual Transmilenio system capacity
• Adaptability as mass transit network grows
• A growing private vehicle ownership

21. 4. Challenges
Improving environmental performance
Fleet renewal Technologies Eco driving
Operation
Infrastructure Other mode
improvement

22. 4. Challenges
Improving environmental performance
250,000
200,000
Emisiones de PM 2.5 (g/hr pico)
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Nuevas tecnologías SITP

23. 4. Challenges
Improving environmental performance

24. 4. Challenges
Improving environmental performance
$ 200.0
$ 100.0
$ 0.0
VPN 12% @12 años (MUSD)
($ 100.0)
Costo de
($ 200.0) Infraestructura
($ 300.0) Costo de
Mantenimiento
($ 400.0)
Costo Energía
($ 500.0)
($ 600.0)
($ 700.0)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
% de reducción en costo

25. 4. Challenges
Improving accessibility and equity
User perception of Bogotá’s integrated public transport system: 5
trends and implications for program implementation
Kash, Hidalgo, TRB 2011