1. Sustainable Transport: Best Practices
Amit Bhatt
Transportation Specialist
EMBARQ, The World Resources Institute Center for Sustainable
Transport
May 2010

2. A successful urban transport system involves…
Low travel times and travel
costs for people and goods
Equal access to urban life
opportunities (social
services, education, health,
recreation)
Adequate support to desired
form, size and density of the
London, England
city-region
Limited impact on the
environment: air/noise
pollution; CO2 emissions
Reduced impact on public
health: fatalities and injuries
from traffic accidents
London, England

3. ¿What to do?
Alternative 1:
Capital intensive solutions
Give greater capacity to the road
network to relieve congestion
Build massive rail transport
systems (light rail- metro)
Alternative 2:
Change paradigms
Give priority to non motorised
transport and bus-based public
transport
Restrict indiscriminate automobile
use

4. Capital & Land
intensive solutions:
highways

5. Infrastructure solutions lead to greater automobile
dependence
Automobile dependence and Regional Economy
Regional GDP per person
(USD 1990)
Automobile Use (Km/year per person)
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL
CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter,
World Bank, 1997

6. Automobile dependent cities have more
accidents
Cities of United States have 66% more deaths in traffic accidents
per person than peer cities in Europe and Asia, and 123% more
than Toronto
Road Safety
Accidentalidad
25.0
Muertes en Accidente de
Australia
Tránsito por 100, 000
Accidents per 100,000
20.0
Fatalities in Road
population (1990)
EEUU
R2 = 0.5748
Habitantes
15.0 Toronto
Europa
10.0 Asia
5.0
Tendencia
0.0
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
Uso de Automóvil (Km(Km/year per person)
Automobile Use por año por Persona)
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37
GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman
and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997

7. Automobile dependent cities have low densities
(occupy large extensions)
250
América Latina R2 = 0.4278
Persons/Hectare (1995)
Personas/Hectárea (1995)
200
China Asia Alto Ingreso
150
Medio Oriente
100
Asia Ingreso Bajo
Africa
50
Europa Or. Europa Occ.
USA
Canadá AU-NZ
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
AutomobileCarro/Persona/Año (1995)
Km Use (Km/year per person 1995)
Source: J. Kenworthy "Transport and Energy Use: A Study of 84 Global
Cities", 2003

8. Alternative Solutions
for Sustainable Urban
Transport
Pedestrian and
Bicycles
Public Transportation
Transit Oriented
Development
Disincentives to Car
Use
Cleaner and Cooler
Fuels and Vehicles
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG

9. Alternative solutions for sustainable transport
Low cost
High impact: reduction of accidents, pollution
and travel times
More compact cities, socially integrated
Development of local industry
Fast implementation (3-5 years from the idea to
implementation)
More attractive cities that ease location
of businesses and professionals and Santiago
urban development
Sao Paulo London Manila

10. 1. Non motorised transport
Pedestrian and bicycle priorities
Recovery of invaded public space
Infrastructure construction
Promotion and incentives
Safe bicycle parking
Road safety
LONDON
Photos: DHG
UTRTECH, THE
NETHERLANDS
Photo: FPPQQ

11. 1. Non motorised transport CARRERA 15, BOGOTA
Photos: IDU
ALAMEDA EL
PORVENIR, BOGOTA
Photos: FPPQQ

12. 2. Disincentives to indiscriminate car use
Congestion charging:
Singapore, London, Sweden,
Santiago
Administrative measures
(plate restrictions)
Parking controls
Taxes (fuel, property)
Citizens’ culture
London
Bogota, Sunday Ciclovía
Bogota, no car day

13. 3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)
Local scale:
Nodes around stations
Joint development: residental +
commercial + education +
entertainment
Dense Housing (3-4 floors) with
generous public space
Helsinki
Photo J. Kenworthy
Zurich Vancouver
Photo J. Kenworthy Photo J. Kenworthy

14. 3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)
Source: IPUCC Curitiba, Brazil

15. 3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)
Curitiba, Brazil
Source: http://www.curitiba-parana.com/arquitetura-urbanismo.htm

16. 4. Bus Systems

17. 4. Bus Systems
High quality
User oriented
Fast
Reliable
Low cost Leeds, UK
Curitiba Sao Paulo

18. Bus systems are critical for energy
independence in India
7
Rail 27% Less Energy
6 as compared with
Buses 2030 BAU
EJ Total Delivered Energy
5 3 Wheelers
4 2 Wheelers
Cars
3
2
1
0
1980 2000 2030: BAU 2030 Fuel 2030: 2030: SUT 2030 Extra
Eff. TWW Effort
Schipper L. Banerjee I. and Ng W.S. “CO2 Emissions from Land
Transport in India Scenarios of the Uncertain”, TRB Annual
Meeting, Washington, DC, January 2009

19. It is possible for any city to transform itself into
a sustainable city…
Bogotá, Colombia, 1998

20. Bogotá has applied integrated policies for
sustainable transport
Slides developed originally by Dario Hidalgo

21. Results are extraordinary…
Total Public
Fuentes: Encuesta Anual “Bogotá ¿Cómo Vamos?” www.eltiempo.com;
Transport
Traditional
Public
Transport
TransMilenio
BRTS
Private (Car,
Two Wheeler)
Active
Transport
(Walking,
Bicycle)
Main mode of transport 1998-2009

22. Fatalities have reduced 8%
annually

23. “The EMBARQ global network catalyzes
environmentally and financially
sustainable transport solutions to improve
quality of life in cities.”

25. Mexico City’s
Metrobús is one
of the largest
bus rapid transit
systems in the
world.

26. The mayor of Mexico
City campaigned on
a platform of
expanding Metrobús
from a one-line
operation to a
citywide network
of 10 lines.

27. 45 Km BRT System
450,000 passengers per day

28. “It’s nothing
like driving,
especially at
rush hour when
everyone’s
leaving the
office.”

29. Macrobús
Guadalajara
reduces travel
times, prevents
traffic accidents,
and helps combat
climate change.

30. Macrobús Guadalajara, México
16 Km, 127,000 passengers/day

31. The retrofit pilot
project demonstrated
that diesel particulate
filters, when combined
with clean diesel, can
reduce over 90 percent
of the particulate
matter emitted from
Mexico City’s buses.

32. EMBARQ’s study
helped guide
Mexico City officials
in purchasing
the most cost-
effective buses
for their fleet.

34. Brazil contains
numerous
burgeoning cities
that are now
suffering from the
standard problems
of growth.

35. The EMBARQ BRT
Simulator shows
how small changes
can make a big
impact on cities
planning new
BRT corridors.

36. Rio de Janeiro used
EMBARQ software
to evaluate a
proposed BRT
system for carrying
potential visitors to
the 2016 Olympic
Games.

37. Association for Latin American Bus Rapid Transit

40. Sustainable
transport not
only combats
climate change;
it also improves
public health.

41. CTSS-Andino
helped remove
720 highly
polluting shared
taxicabs from
the streets of
Arequipa.

42. By focusing
on people, not
cars, Arequipa
can preserve
its historic
heritage.

44. Reducing transport
emissions is an
important goal
because they
negatively impact
public health and
contribute to global
climate change.

45. EMBARQ
estimates that if
Istanbul does not
begin to address
transport-related
air pollution,
emissions could
double by 2015.

46. The inter-continental
BRT corridor
eases congestion
along the famous
Bosphorus Bridge –
one of the key
traffic bottlenecks
in the city.

47. “It seems to
me it would
help if the
buses could
have their
own lane.”

48. Launched in
September 2007,
Istanbul’s bus rapid
transit corridor
is now one of
the most heavily
traveled BRT lines
in the world.

50. Millions of
Indians will soon
join the middle
class and be in
a position to buy
their first car.

51. The national policy
sets the guidelines
for cities that want
to receive funding
for bus rapid
transit and other
sustainable urban
transport projects.

52. The winning
bid solidified
Indore's position
as a model city
for sustainable
transport.

53. Delhi's new
bus corridor
meets its key
objectives,
but there is
still room for
improvement.

54. Janmarg Ahmedabad, India
Main Advisor: CEPT
Support from ITDP, CAI, EMBARQ

55. ¡Muchas Gracias!
Global Strategic Partners
CATERPILLAR FOUNDATION
www.embarq.wri.org