Universal Prevention for Every Child and Youth: Low-Cost Solutions

Universal Prevention for Every Child and Youth:
To Save Our Country

Dennis D. Embry, Ph.D.
President/CEO, PAXIS Institute
dde@paxis.org • SimpleGifts.com
Tweet and use #FamUnited #SimpleGifts

Friday, November 5, 2010

Goals today…
Learn how multiple causes of morbidity and mortality (e.g., obesity,
diabetes, substance abuse, mental illness, poor cognitive
processes) are linked to four basic evolutionary mechanisms
triggered by current society.
Learn how low-cost, evidence-based kernels—the fundamental
units of behavioral inﬂuence—can be used to address the
common, linked causes of morbidity and mortality affecting
America’s future.
Learn how a communities can organize to impact common causes
of morbidity and mortality using low-cost evidence based kernels.


Objectives
Develop a personal plan to apply evidence-
based kernels on one’s immediate family.
Develop a plan to apply evidence-based
kernels in one’s workplace to affect
morbidity, mortality, productivity and
wellbeing.
Develop steps for community mobilization
for applying the scientiﬁc and practical
knowledge gained to improve community
indicators of health, safety and wellbeing


2009:
Institute of Medicine Report
Disturbing, disruptive and
aggressive behaviors have been
increasing in the United States for
more than 20 years.
The United States has more of these
problems than many other rich
countries.


Nearly 75 percent of the nation's 17- to 24-year-
olds are ineligible for service
• Medical/physical problems,
35 percent.

• Illegal drug use, 18 percent.

• Mental Category V (the
lowest 10 percent of the
population), 9 percent.

• Too many dependents under
age 18, 6 percent.

• Criminal record, 5 percent.

Army Times, Nov 5, 2009 • www.missionreadiness.org/PAEE0609.pd


Oppositional deﬁance, conduct disorders, and
personality disorders are increasing & worse here.


Rates of obesity in youth have increased epidemically.

http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html


Serious addictions are happening younger ages.


Grades 8, 10,** and 12

80%

Youth Marijuana Trends
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade

60%

40%

20%

Source. The Monitoring the Future study, the University of Michigan.
0%
'75 '77 '79 '81 '83 '85 '87 '89 '91 '93 '95 '97 '99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09
YEAR


Grades 8, 10,** and 12

80%

Youth Marijuana Trends
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade

60%

40%

What caused
this decline?
20%

Source. The Monitoring the Future study, the University of Michigan.
0%
'75 '77 '79 '81 '83 '85 '87 '89 '91 '93 '95 '97 '99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09
YEAR


Prescription drug
abuse has largely
replaced illegal drug
use in America’s
young people


Two to three times as many American children are
being prescribed psychiatric drugs…


Emotional problems and suicides have increased
among America’s youth.


Tribal youth behavior is
happening across all
communities and social classes


And, an generation is being raised with parents on
war deployment in the middle of these trends


Old American holocausts still affect descendants.


All these trends harm all our
futures


These adverse trends
among children and youth…
(A) Are NOT an issue among in your
community.

(B) MIGHT be an issue in your community.

(C) ARE is an issue in your community.


2009:
Institute of Medicine Report
provides a concise review of
some of the trends harming
the success and wellbeing of
all our children.


Cultural Trend:
Sleep Deprivation
IOM Report (IOM, page 212)


Data on Sleep Deprivation
On the average, school-age children
have a sleep deficit of .5 - 1.5 hours
per night.
This multiplies out to a deficit of 2.5 -
7.5 hours per five day school week.


Sleep Deprivation caused by…
TV’s in children’s bedrooms
Computers in bedrooms
Gameboys in bedrooms
Cellphones in bedrooms


Sleep Deprivation caused by…
TV’s in children’s bedrooms
Televisions in Children’s Bedrooms in 1997
Computers in bedrooms 60%

Gameboys in bedrooms 45%

Cellphones in bedrooms 30%

15%
25.6% 37.%% 55.8%
…Rapidly since 1990 0%
Preschoolers (2-5) Elementary (6-11) Secondary (12-17)


Sleep Deprivation causes…
Signiﬁcant risk of alcohol, tobacco and
other drug use
Increased risk of early sexual behavior
and violence
School problems
Family/home problems 25.6% 37.%% 55.8%


Sleep Improvement evidence-based kernels
Curfew one-hour before bedtime for:
Televisions
Computers
Gameboys
Cellphones
25.6% 37.%% 55.8%
General reduction of passive media


Sleep Deprivation…
(A) Is NOT an issue among children and
youth in your community
(B) MIGHT be an issue among children and
youth in your community.
(C) IS an issue among children and youth in
your community.


Parental Monitoring and
Parental Networking
(IOM, page 168, 171, 189)


Data on Parental Monitoring
Warm and ﬁrm statement of rules by parents
have a large impact on deviant behavior of
teens.
Lower delinquency rates
Lower rates of drunken behavior
Less general ATOD and other problems

Harshness about rules invites teen rebellion
Lax rules invite deviant behavior.


Data on parental networking “She needs to
be home and in
bed by
midnight.”

Reduces alcohol, tobacco and other
drug use
Reduces delinquency
Reduces teen pregnancy “Who are
“Hi, just
checking to
the adults see if my
Increases school success there?” What’s
their phone
son is
there?.”
number.”


For older youth (7th to 12th graders), parents or
families might use a “Blunt Statement.”
“I/we don’t want you to be drunk, stoned or high
from any type of alcohol or drug. I/we don’t want
you to be with any other youth including your Clear rules kernel
friends ________, _________, or _________, if they
are drunk, stoned or high from any kind of alcohol
or drugs period. If this happens at any time or at
any place, we want you to call us ASAP so that we
can pick you up and take you home. Is that
understood?
I/we are going to talk to all your friends’ parents
about our family’s wish to protect you, and our
desire that we don’t want you or your friends to be
involved with alcohol or drug use at all. What
questions do you have?”


Parental Monitoring…
youth in our community
youth in our community.
our community.


The lack Parental Networking
to protect their children…
your community.


Peer, Family, & Cultural Rewards
for NOT breaking rules
IOM Report (page 165, 170,171, 181)


Data on social reinforcements for breaking rules
High levels of reinforcement and attention
happen for deviant behavior:
Increases delinquency
Increases alcohol, tobacco and other
drug use
Decreases school success

Being Good Acting Bad


Social reinforcement for rule
breaking and deviance…
your community.


Diet change in essential
“brain food”
IOM Report (page 211-2)


Good Brain Oils
Omega 3 fatty acid largely found
in ﬁsh like salmon, walnuts, and
ﬂax. Also what grandmothers
made children take, “cod liver oil”.

Bad Brain Oils
Omega 6 found largely in
vegetable oils in processed food
such as soybean, cottonseed,
and similar oils. HIgh grain fed
meats and eggs. Always in deep
fried foods. NOT olive oil.


Data on “Brain Food”:
Omega-3 deﬁciency


Prevention Impact of Psychosis
30%
24% 27.5%
18%
12% Omega-3 sufﬁciency
6%
0% 4.9%
Omega-3 Placebo


Brain food deﬁciency…
your community.


Our lives, communities, businesses and futures
will be just ﬁne if we ignore all this.


outhanasia
Is the untimely deviance,
disability, disease, disorder and
even death of our children’s
futures by unconscious and
conscious cultural practices.


Take 2-minute to summarize this and be prepared
to share your summary for 60 seconds or less…


Let’s hypothesize: What’s obviously and not so
obviously different today from 20-30 years ago?


Obvious Not Obvious


Non-obvious: Evolutionary Mis-match


Hypothesis: Evolutionary “inﬂammatory” processes


Redness, rubor, a response of body tissues to
injury or irritation; characterized by pain and
swelling and redness and heat.
Excitation, excitement, fervor, fervour the state
of being emotionally aroused and worked up
Inflaming arousal to violent emotion
Firing, ignition, kindling, lighting
the act of setting on fire or catching fire

Hypothesis: Evolutionary “inflammatory” processes


Human Infectious/Biological Threats Human Predatory Threats

Evolutionary Adaptive Responses Evolutionary Adaptive Responses
(Simplified) (Simplified)
Neuro-Hormones

Mood
Modulators

Reward Delay Intra-Group Threat Attributional
Generalized Localized Modulators
Affiliation Bias (Inflammatory)
Inflammatory Inflammatory (Anti-Inflammatory)
Out-Group
Response Response Stress
Modulators
Aggress. (Inflammatory)
Intra-Group
Cooperation Tit-for-Tat Beh. Bias
Anti-Inflammatory Regulators Puberty/Sex (Anti-Inflammatory)
Modulators (Inflammatory)


Evolutionary Path
of a Child’s Life


K R
Path Path

Evolutionary Path
of a Child’s Life

Probability of short-life and
Probability of long-life and doubtful reproductive success
reproductive success


Obesity
Conduct
Disorders

Homicide &
Suicide

Early Sex

Early
Pregnancy
Addictions

Aggression
Asthma

Disabilities

R PATH = Risky Adolescence

Major Ecologic Causes of the Dual Inﬂammatory Threats to Children & Youth

Physiological Antecedents Reinforcement Verbal Relations


Multi-Inﬂammatory Threat Reaction




Mood Reward Executive Behavioral
Attention
Stability Delay Function Competencies

Immune-
Motor Healing
Skills Multi-Inﬂammatory Threat Reaction Functions




Substance Work Obesity,
Early Mental Illness Violence Cancer School
Abuse Problems etc
Sex Failure

Mood Reward Executive Behavioral
Attention
Stability Delay Function Competencies

Immune-
STD’s Motor Healing Special
Skills Multi-Inﬂammatory Threat Reaction Functions Ed




Apparent consumption o inoleic acid (% of dietary energy) among
Australia, Canada, UK and USA for the years 1961–2000

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Evolution Neonates Breast Milk “Risky” Beh.
In the Rife Valley, the Successful human American infants have Almost all adolescent
human brain evolution neonates born with been getting steadily less risky behaviors have now
the result of eating fish 60-day supply of omega-3 (n3) and more been documented to be
pro-inflammatory related to low n3 and
high in omega-3 not omega-3 in
omega-6 (n6) in breast high n6 in US diet
savannah animals subcutaneous fat from milk change in last 50 years
mother’s diet
See Broadhurst, Cunnane, & See HIbbeln et al. (2007).Maternal seafood
Crawford (1998). Rift Valley lake fish See Ailhaud et al. (2006).Temporal changes
consumption in pregnancy and
in dietary fats: Role of n6
and shellfish provided brain-specific neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood Hibbeln et al. (2006). Healthy intakes of n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids in excessive
nutrition for (ALSPAC study): an observational cohort
adipose tissue and n-6 fatty acids: estimations considering
early Homo study worldwide diversity.
development and relationship to obesity

Physiological Adaptation

1 pound =
453.59237 grams
25 pounds =
11,339.8 grams

11,339.8 x 9
calories p/gram =

102,058 calories p/y =

75 Big Mac Meals (Mac
+ Fries + Large Coke)


What you can do to have an “anti-inflammatory” diet
Eliminate or reduce all products that contain soybean, Total oil in
EPA DHA EPA
each # of capsules
cottonseed, corn, safflower, sunflower and canola oil (most Cost (Eicosapentanoic (Docosaphexanonic +
capsule acid in each acid in each needed
fast food) (Includes non-
capsule) capsule) DHA
essential oils)
Use omega-3 enriched eggs 1,000 mg
2,100 mg
Use virgin olive oil for salads and regular olive oil for (Unconcentrated $ 180 mg 120 mg 300 mg
cod liver oil) 7 caps per day
cooking
Eat two servings per wk of oily fish (salmon, trout, tuna, 1,000 mg
2,000 mg
(molecularly $$ 300 mg 200 mg 500 mg
black cod, sardines, mackerel) distilled 4 caps per day
Use range/grass fed chicken, pork or beef (not grain fed)
Follow Grandmothers’ Wisdom on fish oil 1,100 mg 2,000 mg
$$$ 600 mg 400 mg 1,000 mg
(highly purified) 2 caps per day


Built
Evolution Environment Play Diet “Risky” Beh.
Running and walking Mixed environments American children have The change in play is
5-10 miles per day in versus “residential” dramatically changed associated with an
the pursuit of settings increase their play from outdoor increase in most DSM-IV
play, imaginative play, plus many behavior and
reinforcers has long grades and reduce
free-play, multi-age play, academic problems plus
history in humans. conduct problems. and rough and tumble health issues in youth.
Such movement play to solo screen time
increases BDNF.
See Szapocznik et al. (2006). The impact of
the built environment on children's school See Clements (2004). An Investigation of
See Bramble & Lieberman (2004). conduct grades: The role of diversity of use the Status of Outdoor Play. Contemporary See Kuo & Taylor (2004). A potential natural
Endurance running and the evolution in a Hispanic neighborhood Issues in Early Childhood. treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity
of Homo disorder: evidence from a national study.

Antecedent Movement Inflammatory/Anti-inflammatory

Organized recess
Cooperative games and structured games during recess have more
impact on physical activity and Body Mass Index (BMI) for children
than PE in school. Cooperative games also increase academic
achievement and reduced ADHD plus reduce aggression or
bullying.

Active physical responding
Children and youth sit for approximately ﬁve hours in school plus
whatever time they spend in a vehicle to and from school. Using
physical responding during instruction increases academic
achievement, reduces disruptions, ADHD, and decreases BMI.


Cellphones
Place cellphones on curfew 1 hour before bedtime. The phones go
into the possession of parents and returned to child in am. This has
multiple beneﬁts.

Computer games & Internet
All hand-held games into control of parents 1 hour before bedtime.
Console games and computers with Internet have software that
shuts off access to those programs or Internet 1 hour before bed.

Television
Do not place TV in child’s bedroom (or adult’s). Not one study
shows beneﬁt of TV in bedroom, and almost all show harm.


Evolution Matching Law Reinforcer Diet “Risky” Beh.
Humans are A simple 3-term algebra Multiple data sets and When children or youth
apparently unique in formula predicts either controlled studies show receive differential rates
the ability to use risky or non-risky that children and youth in of peer and adult
behavior in human in general receive low levels reinforcement for
arbitrary sounds and
real-world settings of reinforcement for prosociality virtually all
symbols to reinforce related to differential prosociality, with adverse risk behaviors decline.
behavior in others. verbal/social effects on behavior
reinforcement.
See Hayes, Barnes-Holmes & Roche.
See Biglan & Hinds, E. (2009). Evolving
(2001). Relational frame theory: A See Plaud, (1992). The prediction and prosocial and sustainable neighborhoods and
post-Skinnerian account of human See Biglan et al. (2004). Helping
control of behavior revisited: A review of the communities.
Adolescents at Risk.
language and cognition matching law.of intergroup conﬂict

Reinforcement Adaptation

Simpliﬁed Matching Law

B = predicted behavior rate
k = A “rubber-band” like asymptotic Halvor Teigen, K. (2002). One hundred years of laws in psychology. American
constant Journal of Psychology, 115(1), 103-118.
rp =rate of reinforcement for target Pierce, W. D., & Epling, W. F. (1995). The applied importance of research on the
matching law. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28(2), 237-241.
behavior
Correia, C. J., Simons, J., Carey, K. B., & Borsari, B. E. (1998). Predicting drug use:
rv =rate of reinforcement for all other Application of behavioral theories of choice. Addictive Behaviors, 23(5), 705-710.
behaviors


Language, physiological, medication or substance
abuse effect on behavior

Rate inﬂuenced by: Rate inﬂuenced by:
• Reinforcements • Reinforcement
• Antecedents • Antecedents
• Relational-frames • Relational-frames


What is the matching law (immediate rewards) for?

{Flannery, 2003 #4}


Embry et al. (1996) School-Community Reinforcement Study

Positive Peer-to- Social
Home Notes Peer Notes Competence Violence


40.0% 16.0%

35.0% 14.0%

30.0% 12.0%

25.0% 10.0%

20.0% 8.0%

15.0% Youth Who Smoked During the Last 30 Days 6.0% Youth Who Smoked Every Day the Last 30 Days
10.0% Baseline Reward and Reminder 4.0% Baseline Reward and Reminder
45.0% 18.0%
5.0% Wyoming 2.0% Wyoming
40.0% 16.0%
0.0%
35.0% 14.0%

Reward &
18.0%
Wisconsin Wisconsin
40.0%
30.0% 16.0%
12.0%
35.0%
25.0% 14.0%
10.0%
30.0% 12.0%

Reminder:
20.0% 8.0%
25.0% 10.0%
15.0% 6.0%
20.0% 8.0%
10.0% 4.0%
15.0% 6.0%
5.0% 2.0%
10.0% 4.0%
0.0%
5.0% 2.0%
18.0%
0.0% Wisconsin Wisconsin

Impact on
40.0% 16.0%
18.0%
United States United States
35.0%
40.0% 14.0%
16.0%

30.0%
35.0% 14.0%
12.0%

prevalence
30.0%
25.0% 12.0%
10.0%
25.0%
20.0% 10.0%
8.0%
20.0% 8.0%
15.0% 6.0%
15.0% 6.0%
10.0% 4.0%
10.0% 4.0%
5.0% 2.0%
5.0% 2.0%
0.0% Source: YRBS, US Centers for Disease Control Source: YRBS, US Centers for Disease Control
0.0% 0.0%
18.0%
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007
United States United States
40.0% 16.0%
= Trend = Wyoming = Wisconsin =United States
35.0% 14.0%

30.0% 12.0%

25.0% 10.0%

20.0% 8.0%

15.0% Source: Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), Centers for Disease Control
6.0%

10.0% 4.0%

5.0% 2.0%
Source: YRBS, US Centers for Disease Control Source: YRBS, US Centers for Disease Control
0.0% 0.0%
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

= Trend = Wyoming = Wisconsin =United States


Evolution Friend & Foe Daily Verbal Diet “Risky” Beh.
The evolution of Simply giving people As daily verbal diet of When language of
speech and written different group names threats, enemies and connection, civility and
language enables and colors of clothing will danger increase in belonging are introduced
increase verbal and neighborhoods, in children and youth,
control of others’
physical aggression communities and risky behaviors decline in
behavior by arbitrary among children. Similar nations, DSM-IV controlled experiments.
symbols and their effects found in stress symptoms increase and
relationships chemistry. economies worsen.
See Hayes, Barnes-Holmes & Roche. See Embry, Flannery, Vazsonyi, Powell, &
(2001). Relational frame theory: A See Zullow (1991). Pessimistic rumination in Atha/ (1996). PeaceBuilders: A theoretically
post-Skinnerian account of human See Sherif, M. (1958). Superordinate goals popular songs and newsmagazines predict driven, school-based model for early violence
in the reduction of intergroup conﬂict economic recession via decreased prevention.
language and cognition
consumer optimism and spending

Verbal relations adaptation

Relational-Frame Example:
“Families United Promise”

1
1.35

0.9
0.8 1.3
Mean drunkenness

Mean delinquency
0.7
0.6 1.25
0.5
0.4 1.2
0.3
0.2 1.15
0.1
0 1.1
grade 7 grade 8 grade 9 grade 7 grade 8 grade 9

Figure 2 Repeated-measures analysis of variance displaying self-reported drunkenness (a) and delinquency (b) separately for youths in the
intervention and control conditions


The Gift of Clarity and
Commitment


A teacher invents a way to save the classroom
from Hell

28


A Baltimore City K-8


Summary of results…
• 70 plus studies • Follow up now from 1st grade to
29th year of life.
– Many interrupted time-series
- Reduced
– Show less disruption - Special ed, ADHD, Bullying, Conduct
disorders, violent crime, suicide
– More engagement - Tobacco, illegal drug use, alcohol
addictions
– Three long-term gold standard - Increased high-school graduation, college
studies entry
- Obesity, teen pregnancy, & STD’s in process
– Four more in progress

31


Universal Triple P
Level One

Selected Triple P
Level Two

Focus of parenting support in Primary Care Triple P
Level three

population level Triple P study Standard Triple P
Level four
The study focused on child maltreatment prevention
among the large percentage of parents and families in a
community. Enhanced Triple P
Level ﬁve


Nurturing Policies and Practices for
“Anti-Inﬂammatory” Responses
Policies for universal access to parenting supports
Policies universal access to supports for teachers
Changing institutional food policies
Community reinforcement policies
Other Community policies (TV, greeting, play)
Community child and youth play and opportunities policies
A consumer model for prevention science


Big changes requires leverage


Big change = RE-AIM

Reach X Efficacy X Adoption X Implementation X Maintenance =
Population level impact


Peer-to-Peer Learning Game


Some truths…
Culture determines biology; and biology determines
culture.
Culture is made up antecedents practices,
physiological practices, relational frame (language)
practices, and reinforcement practices
Culture determines nurture; and nurture determines
culture.
Behavior can be predicted by contextual biology
and social reinforcement
Big change is possible using small units of proven
change called evidence-based kernels


That’s happening, too…


A poll…


Our economy will be
hurt by these trends in
America’s youth.

YES

NO


Our national security will be
hurt by these trends among
America’s youth.

YES

NO


Our health-care costs will
go up because of these
trends in our youth.

YES

NO


These trends will worsen
our local, state and
national debt crisis.
YES

NO


The Time is
up for thinking
about the
problem of
our children’s
futures and
our country’s
future…


How much will it cost to change these trends in your community?

Between $1 and $2 per child in your area…
Many times less than an annual ﬂu shot for children or teens


See and map
a new future…


“Behavioral health could learn from
public health in endorsing a population
health perspective”—(IOM, page 19).
“Families and children have ready
access to the best available evidence-
based prevention interventions,
delivered in their own communities…in
The story of the Broad
Street water pump a respectful non-stigmatizing way”—
during the cholera
epidemic in London.
(IOM, page 387).


What if prevention science (evidence-based
kernels) met…
Amazon.com
Itunes
youtube
FaceBook
With community
mobilization.


SImpleGifts.Com


Go to: www.paxis.org/kernelspaper


What is a kernel?
Is the smallest unit of scientiﬁcally
proven behavioral inﬂuence.

• Are the active ingredients of
evidence-based programs.

• Is indivisible; that is, removing any
part makes it inactive.

Produces quick easily measured
change that can grow much
bigger change over time.

Can be be used alone OR
combined with other kernels to
create new programs, strategies
or policies.


Includes instructions Home!QuickStart!for!Beat!The!Timer!

Welcome to this Simple Gift. Reading and watching the QuickStart will…
• Show you 7-basic steps for Beat the Timer.

Customized for you •
•
Demo the 7-basic steps with a family.
Help you select and create recipes for change using Beat the Timer.
If you have not already done so, please watch the QuickStart video.

With Email prompts 7-Steps!for!Beat!The!Timer!
If you bake a cake, there are always some key main ingredients. If you miss

Social Network
one of those key ingredients, you don’t have a cake. Beat The Timer has seven
key ingredients or steps to make it work.
After learning 7-Steps for Beat The Timer, you can easily move on to making
plan for any one of the Beat the Timer recipes. Briefly, here are the 7-steps.
Moderated Q&A about how to apply Details follow on the next pages, with some pictures and
examples.
Step 1 - Announce Beat the Timer
Step 2 - Say how long Timer will be set for
Step 3 - Say what behaviors are to beat the timer
Step 4 - Announce timer is about to begin.
Step 5 - Praise positive behavior while timer is ticking
Step 6 - Celebrate success and reward from the prize bowl
Step 7 - Mark changes on success scoreboard

So, lets learn more about each of these steps with some
examples and helpful hints. Please watch the videos of Beat
the Timer the timer being used by a real family in a real home.

Please remember Beat The Timer and Simple Gifts are trademarks and copyrighted materials. This document
is licensed for your family use only. Copyright © Simple Gifts, Inc and PAXIS Institute, 2009. All rights reserved.
1


If kernels are so good…


Are you an everyday
scientist?
Human beings are the only organism on
this planet that can consciously create a
future environment for themselves.

Other animals accidentally affect their
environment.

What makes an everyday scientist?

What is it that you want to increase AND
decrease in the future?


Reversal Design Example


Another
reversal
design
example


Increase Decrease

The vision of change in all our children, youth and
families…


The ﬁrst breakthrough will be Families United…
Launching this year
Using all modern Internet tools to create a
national mobilization
Using powerful public health/social
marketing tools
Applying IOM ﬁndings
Creating universal consumer access to
proven behavioral prevention
Combining common sense, good science,
low cost with sustainability


What is Families United?
A set of simple, proven, and
powerful tools to protect all our
children from the leading causes
of lifetime suffering, illness,
disability and death—securing
all our futures.


What do United Families do?
Increase Family Positive Monitoring.
Parental & family clarity and commitment to
their child about risky or disturbing behaviors
such as not using alcohol, tobacco and drugs
(ATOD) and about that child’s friends’ not using
of alcohol, tobacco and drugs.
The type of monitoring changes by age of
child.


Reward Not Using or Breaking Rules.
Family recognition and reinforcement of
children and teens doing the right thing (e.g.,
not using ATOD or not engaging in deviant or
risky behaviors.
The rewards and recognition increase intrinsic
motivation to do the right thing, and cost little
or no money
The rewards and recognition create perceived
warmth by children from parents and family.


Reduce Sleep Deprivation. Ensuring a child
has good sleep patterns, by reducing access
to electronic media before bedtime.
Sleep deprivation is the silent but deadly cause
of many behavioral, school and health
problems—including addictions.


Change Brain Food or Fatty Acid Ratios in
Child’s Diet. Increasing children’s “brain
food” (omega-3 found in ﬁsh oil) protects a
child’s basic brain function, brain receptors
and brain chemistry from the risk of ATOD as
well as other problematic behaviors including
depression and aggression.
The main biological factor that has radically
changed in the last 20 years, dramatically
affecting behavior, mental health and physical
health of our children.


What do Families United do?
Increase Parent Networking to Child’s
Friends Families. Sharing and
communicating the above with ﬁve of the
parents of one’s child’s friends.


Universal Prevention for Every Child and Youth: Low-Cost Solutions

Universal Prevention for Every Child and Youth: Low-Cost Solutions

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