Government is spending lot of money on rural development. But this is not going to solve all the problems in all the villages because government might have spent many crores of rupees in the name of road, railway track to connect the villages, school, offices and so on, but by the time the government plans all these for one village and there are eight more satellite villages already popped in all the eight direction around one village due to various reasons. By the time the government plans all the infrastructure to one village then to the next satellite village the infrastructure of the first village is already in a bad shape and needs to be replaced. In this way the government need to spend lot of money repeatedly and will not be able to concentrate on the quality because the demand is so high as the population is increasing in a rapid phase with division and re division of the people in the name of religion - caste - community - god - diet - practice and so on. In this chapter some of the government projects to improve the rural economy, empower the women in rural area, steps taken by the government to eradicate the poverty are mentioned. With model village and model nation plans it is possible to create good and durable infrastructure with better service with less maintenance can be created. With better rural economy it is possible to increase the economy of the urban area and thus the national economy.

1. 1101
Contentsof section13: Model village andModel nation.
Chapter11-Facts and figuresonrural development.
11.1-F&F - Povertyimposesanoppressive weightonIndia,especiallyinrural areas.
11.2-F&F - Rural womeninIndiafeel the weightof povertythe most.
11.3-F&F - Allocatinghouse-and-gardenplotstoimpoverishedlandlesslabourers.
11.4-F&F - Empoweringwomenthroughlandownership.
11.5-F&F - Agricultural extensionservicestofamilieswithsmall kitchengardens.
Views to make this ‘World’developed and this ‘Earth’ as
the lovely place for every ‘Human’.
SECTION 13
MODEL VILLAGE AND
MODEL NATION
Shelter in a better way, for everyone;
Pollution free atmosphere and greenery everywhere;
Life full of joy, prosperity and peace;
Chapter 11: Facts and figures on rural development.
11.1 F&F - Poverty imposes an oppressive weight on India, especially in
rural areas.
[RURAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE;
RDI isengagedina rapidlydevelopinginitiative toestablishanew agendaforlandreform in India. After three
years of intensive research and assistance to government actors, RDI is seeing Indian policy-makers and
international donorstakinganincreasedinterestinland issues. The national and state governments are now

2. 1102
embracing key RDI-proposed reforms, pilot projects are developing, and a team of Indian professionals are
taking charge of RDI in-country operations.
The focus of thisagendais a set of promising new measures to provide land access and improved land rights
to the rural poor, women, and other marginalized groups. The centerpiece is an RDI recommendation that
state governments in India allocate small house-and-garden plots to the rural landless.
Povertyimposes an oppressive weight on India, especially in rural areas where almost three of four Indians
and close to80 percentof the Indianpoorlive.Despitedecadesof effortsat poverty alleviation, the absolute
numberof poor has doubledsince Independence in 1947. India today has the largest number of poor people
on the planet. India also has the greatest concentration of rural households that are totally landless — 60
million households. Landlessness and rural poverty are closely linked. In fact, a recent World Bank report,
India: Achievements and Challenges in Reducing Poverty (A World Bank Country Study 1997), showed that
landlessness is by far the greatest predictor of poverty in India—even more so than caste or illiteracy.
Another 250 million rural residents live in households that own less than 0.2 hectares of land. For many of
these households, gaining access to more land would be an opportunity to climb out of poverty. However,
landpolicyandthe legislative andadministrative framework in India present substantial obstacles to gaining
greater land access and rights. Source [177]
]
With VPA, all the people will get the opportunity to work with the VPA, and they will get better income for
theirworkalso,thusit isnot necessarytoallotany lands for the rural land less. When once the work of RCS –
CRS – CRTS – MV – MN is over then we will excess of land as compared to the present land available for
agriculture,asthe numberof road / villagesdecreases,atthatlandplotscan be allotted rural landless people
to make them the owner member in the VPA, apart from the working member.
11.2 F&F - Rural women in India feel the weight of poverty the most.
[RURAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE;
The Problem and The Opportunity;
Rural womeninIndiafeel the weightof povertythe most.Femalesare more likelythanmalestodie as infants
and children. More than six of ten women in India are illiterate—almost double the male rate. And, most
significantly,Indianwomenrarelyhave legal rightstoland,despite the fact that they are often more engaged
in agriculture than men.
Rural land problems in India have not gone unnoticed. In the decades following Independence, many Indian
statespassed land reform laws aimed at broadening access to rural land. But these efforts—except for a few
notable successes—were poorly designed and implemented. Measures aimed at taking significant land from
largerlandowners(withverylittlecompensation) andstrictlyregulatingthe landlord-tenant relationship were
difficulttoadministerandarousedstrong opposition. They provided little relief to the rural poor and women
and, in many cases, led to perverse results that stymied land access and rights for the poor. Until recently,

3. 1103
these failures caused Indian policy-makers to conclude that land reform was not an answer to problems
plaguing India's countryside. Source [177]
]
Womenwill be participatingasequallyasthatof the menand will be getting the equal share for the work she
doeswithVPA.Itisnot necessarytomake the thingstoo complicated,let the people with more land get their
share of income the area of land they own from the VPA. If the people are continuously with VPA, then they
will be gettingthe betterincome fortheirworkdone withthe VPA.Allottingsmallplotsof landforthe landle ss
make the small scale agriculture to increase, not possible to adopt scientific methods in agriculture, and thus
low yield and other complications related to small scale agriculture. It is not wise to disturb the present
ownership till the work of RCS – CRS – CRTS – MV – MN, completes, later the extra land that we get as
agriculture landsasthe landsoccupiedinthe name of roadsand villagescanbe distributedtothe landlessrural
farmers to make them the owner members in the VPA.
11.3 F&F - Allocating house-and-garden plots to impoverished landless
laborers.
[RURAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE;
The Program;
The Indiaprogram was establishedbyRDIExecutive Director, Tim Hanstad, who was stationed in-country for
twoyears. Following his return to the U.S. in June 2003, RDI has continued its work through a team of Indian
nationals based in Delhi, Bangalore, and Calcutta.
Work to date has consistedof a seriesof fieldstudies, reports, workshops, and other advisory activities. This
work has pointed to a set of new, practical measures that promise to provide meaningful land rights to the
rural poor, women, and other marginalized groups. These include:
Allocating house-and-garden plots to impoverished landless laborers;
Revising tenancy laws to increase the rural poor’s access to land;
Providing joint titling and other protections for women;
Turning informal “possessors” (squatters) into formal owners; and
Making land markets work better for the poor.
Homestead Plots;
RDI's central recommendationisthatIndianstatesallocate small house-and-gardenplotstothe landlesspoor.
RDI's fieldstudiesinKarnatakaandWestBengal,alongwithparallel datafromothercountries,hasshownthat
familieswithhouse andgardenplotsof roughly2,000 square feetor more enjoygreatlyenhancedlivelihoods.
Such plots, though extremely tiny by developed-country standards, can be intensively cultivated to

4. 1104
supplement existing sources of food and income. Benefits include improved nutrition, increased income,
access to affordable credit, and improved status in the community.
Basedon RDI's findings,the Karnatakastate governmentismovingahead with plans to distribute such house-
and-garden plots to the rural landless in 35 of the state's most impoverished tahsils (counties). The West
Bengal and Gujarat state governments are also actively considering similar policies. To implement such
programs, state governments can distribute state-held land and could purchase the land on the market for
distributionatverymodestcost,averaginglessthan$100 per family.Andthe evidence—includingRDI'sfurther
fieldresearchinUttarPradeshand AndhraPradesh—suggeststhatthisrecommendationis applicable to other
Indian states with large numbers of landless poor. Source [177]
]
All the membersof the VPA will getthe house inthe MV, and the cost will be collected on EMI basis. No lands
will be givenfree atpresent,landplotsonrecordbasedonthe familywill be given after the work of RCS – CRS
– CRTS – MV – MN is over, and there no decrease in the land will be done for the present landowners for the
area of land they own on the record. Women and men are equal in VPA. Targeting the poor and making the
rich to sufferisnotrequiredwithVPA,thatisVPA targetsonproductivityandlooksall the peopleequally,both
rich and the poor.
11.4 F&F - Empowering women through land ownership.
[RURAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE;
Women and Land;
FieldstudiesinKarnatakaandWestBengal have alsofocusedonempoweringwomenthroughlandownership.
RDI research in both states has indicated that:
Women comprise a disproportionate share of the landless and rarely hold legal rights to land;
The oppressive practice of dowry is integrally linked with women’s inferior access and rights to land; and
Providing women with legal rights to land will increase their status and social and economic security.
Based on these findings, RDI is working with Indian counterparts to advance recommendations aimed at
enhancing women's access and rights to land. Such recommendations include changing state legislation to
require government-distributedlandtobe grantedjointlytohusbandsandwivesorindependentlytowomen.
RDI is working actively in West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh to research and promote such measures. Source
[177]
]
All the women will get the equal share of property with VPA – MV – MN, from their parent’s property.
The VPA,whenit is distributingthe land plots to landless farmers, it will consider the women farmer also as
the equallyeligible forgettingthe landsinthe recordsas VPA workson‘the record based income distribution
system’ for the owners share.

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1.5. F&F - Agricultural extension services to families with small
kitchen gardens.
[RURAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE;
Joint Projects;
RDI has alsostartedtwo"grounded"pilotprojectsonhouse-and-gardenplotswithlocal partners.In
Karnataka, RDI has partnered with the University of Agricultural Sciences on a project to provide
agricultural extension services to families with small kitchen gardens to help them use their land
most efficiently to improve their nutrition and income. And in West Bengal, RDI is working with a
local NGO to provide house-and-garden plots to landless and near-landless families.
Nowalsounderwayare projects on land purchase by landless women in two states with the World
Bank; andon womenandlandownershipwiththe National Academyof Administration. Source [177]
]
VPA workson large scale basis (we suggest minimum of 100 square kilometers of land area for one
VPA),where the inculcationof scientific methods, establishment of required labs, maintaining the
necessary staff, procuring the necessary equipments and vehicles, giving training to the groups in
large scale are all easyas comparedto small scale agriculture where providingagricultural extension
services to families with small kitchen gardens to help them use their land most efficiently to
improve theirnutritionandincome becomesmore energyandeconomyconsumingwithlessresults.
Sources:
[177] RURAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE - India.mht. For more information on RDI's India program,
contact Darryl Vhugen at darrylv@rdiland.org.