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Understanding Lean A3 Thinking




           A3 Thinking/Reporting Overview
Ver. 1.0                                    ©   DIYLean.com
   It can be argued that Toyota’s much
    publicized success is mainly derived from a
    management philosophy and culture that is
    grounded in PDCA.
   In the case of Toyota, PDCA is key to the
    promise and use of lean.
   The A3 is a concrete structure to implement
    PDCA management.


                                            PDCA-Cycle
                   ©   DIYLean.com
   A3 reports are named A3’s because they fit
    on one side of an A3-sized sheet of paper,
    which is about the same size as the 11X17-
    inch paper used in North America.
   Their purpose is to document and show, on
    one page, the results from the PDCA cycle.
   The A3 template is a guideline for addressing
    root causes of problems in the workplace in a
    grigorous and systematic way.

                                            PDCA-Cycle
                   ©   DIYLean.com
   The mind-set behind the A3 system can be
    distilled down to seven elements:
     1.   Logical thinking process
     2.   Presenting information in a nonjudgmental way
     3.   Results achieved and processes used
     4.   Using only critical information and visualization
     5.   Alignment of the effort with strategy/objectives
     6.   Being consistent throughout the organization
     7.   A systems approach to problem solving


                       ©   DIYLean.com
The PDCA cycle is overlaid on the A3 template:




                ©   DIYLean.com
Typical flow of the problem-solving A3 is below:




                 ©   DIYLean.com
   As you can see, the planning half of the A3 is the most
    heavily weighted. This is completely consistent with the
    lean A3 thinking approach where we know the end
    results will benefit greatly from our upfront efforts in
    planning what we are doing, as opposed to just jumping
    in to solve the problem (which is all too common).




                                                       PDCA-Cycle
                       ©   DIYLean.com
 The Theme section is the title of the A3.
 For example, it might be “Reducing Patient
  Admission Times” or “Improving On-Time
  Delivery.”
 The theme should focus on the problem
  observed – describing this particular A3
  document and its overall purpose.
                            Theme section




                ©   DIYLean.com
   The Background section highlights
    information essential for understanding the
    extent and importance of the problem.
   Two items are critical here:
    1. The author needs to be aware of his/her
       audience.
    2. Tying the background to the company’s goals is
       very important.       Background section




                    ©   DIYLean.com
   The Current Condition section is probably
    the most important one. The purpose is to
    outline the situation in a simple way for the
    reader (and not just the author).
   It should use charts, tables, graphs or other
    techniques to illustrate the current condition
    (avoid just text, bullet lists, etc.).

                          Current Condition section




                   ©   DIYLean.com
   The Goal section should address at least
    two fundamental issues:
     How we will know that the project is successful at
      the end of the implementation, and
     What standard or basis for comparison will be
      used. For example: Our goal is to reduce patient
      errors by 50% versus 2009 results.


                             Goal Statement section




                     ©   DIYLean.com
   The Root-Cause Analysis section concerns
    the investigation of the current condition until
    the root-cause of the problem is identified.
   The most common technique used by lean
    practitioners, and heavily emphasized by
    Toyota, is the 5 Why’s method.



                            Root Cause Analysis



                   ©   DIYLean.com
   The Countermeasures section is focused on
    what might be termed improvements.
   The countermeasures section is basically an
    action list for tackling the problem.
   The early version of the countermeasures
    section serves as an action plan that
    outlines who will do what, by when.
                             Countermeasures




                  ©   DIYLean.com
   The Effect Confirmation section is simply
    “walking the talk” relative to the Plan-Do-
    Check-Act cycle management philosophy.
   Often something is implemented, and then
    we just move on, without verifying whether
    the problem has actually been eliminated or
    solved. Did the counter-measure have an
    effect, or not?
                            Effect Confirmation




                  ©   DIYLean.com
   The Follow-up Actions section reflects the
    Act step in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle
    management philosophy.
   Here we reflect what further changes should
    be made to the system to sustain the
    improvement and what remains to be done.



                             Follow-up Actions


                  ©   DIYLean.com
   The A3 template provides us with a tool that
    keeps us focused on solving the right
    problems, while making our progress (or lack
    thereof) visible to the team and the whole
    organization.
   Management loves this approach because it
    is a “one stop shop” for understanding an
    initiative and seeing how things are
    hprogressing.

                                            PDCA-Cycle
                  ©   DIYLean.com
Download your own A3 template




           A3 Thinking/Reporting Overview
Ver. 1.0                                    ©   DIYLean.com

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A3 Reporting Presentation

  • 1. Understanding Lean A3 Thinking A3 Thinking/Reporting Overview Ver. 1.0 © DIYLean.com
  • 2. It can be argued that Toyota’s much publicized success is mainly derived from a management philosophy and culture that is grounded in PDCA.  In the case of Toyota, PDCA is key to the promise and use of lean.  The A3 is a concrete structure to implement PDCA management. PDCA-Cycle © DIYLean.com
  • 3. A3 reports are named A3’s because they fit on one side of an A3-sized sheet of paper, which is about the same size as the 11X17- inch paper used in North America.  Their purpose is to document and show, on one page, the results from the PDCA cycle.  The A3 template is a guideline for addressing root causes of problems in the workplace in a grigorous and systematic way. PDCA-Cycle © DIYLean.com
  • 4. The mind-set behind the A3 system can be distilled down to seven elements: 1. Logical thinking process 2. Presenting information in a nonjudgmental way 3. Results achieved and processes used 4. Using only critical information and visualization 5. Alignment of the effort with strategy/objectives 6. Being consistent throughout the organization 7. A systems approach to problem solving © DIYLean.com
  • 5. The PDCA cycle is overlaid on the A3 template: © DIYLean.com
  • 6. Typical flow of the problem-solving A3 is below: © DIYLean.com
  • 7. As you can see, the planning half of the A3 is the most heavily weighted. This is completely consistent with the lean A3 thinking approach where we know the end results will benefit greatly from our upfront efforts in planning what we are doing, as opposed to just jumping in to solve the problem (which is all too common). PDCA-Cycle © DIYLean.com
  • 8.  The Theme section is the title of the A3.  For example, it might be “Reducing Patient Admission Times” or “Improving On-Time Delivery.”  The theme should focus on the problem observed – describing this particular A3 document and its overall purpose. Theme section © DIYLean.com
  • 9. The Background section highlights information essential for understanding the extent and importance of the problem.  Two items are critical here: 1. The author needs to be aware of his/her audience. 2. Tying the background to the company’s goals is very important. Background section © DIYLean.com
  • 10. The Current Condition section is probably the most important one. The purpose is to outline the situation in a simple way for the reader (and not just the author).  It should use charts, tables, graphs or other techniques to illustrate the current condition (avoid just text, bullet lists, etc.). Current Condition section © DIYLean.com
  • 11. The Goal section should address at least two fundamental issues:  How we will know that the project is successful at the end of the implementation, and  What standard or basis for comparison will be used. For example: Our goal is to reduce patient errors by 50% versus 2009 results. Goal Statement section © DIYLean.com
  • 12. The Root-Cause Analysis section concerns the investigation of the current condition until the root-cause of the problem is identified.  The most common technique used by lean practitioners, and heavily emphasized by Toyota, is the 5 Why’s method. Root Cause Analysis © DIYLean.com
  • 13. The Countermeasures section is focused on what might be termed improvements.  The countermeasures section is basically an action list for tackling the problem.  The early version of the countermeasures section serves as an action plan that outlines who will do what, by when. Countermeasures © DIYLean.com
  • 14. The Effect Confirmation section is simply “walking the talk” relative to the Plan-Do- Check-Act cycle management philosophy.  Often something is implemented, and then we just move on, without verifying whether the problem has actually been eliminated or solved. Did the counter-measure have an effect, or not? Effect Confirmation © DIYLean.com
  • 15. The Follow-up Actions section reflects the Act step in the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle management philosophy.  Here we reflect what further changes should be made to the system to sustain the improvement and what remains to be done. Follow-up Actions © DIYLean.com
  • 16. The A3 template provides us with a tool that keeps us focused on solving the right problems, while making our progress (or lack thereof) visible to the team and the whole organization.  Management loves this approach because it is a “one stop shop” for understanding an initiative and seeing how things are hprogressing. PDCA-Cycle © DIYLean.com
  • 17. Download your own A3 template A3 Thinking/Reporting Overview Ver. 1.0 © DIYLean.com