Isa presentation ksoday

Introduction to
Sign Construction
& Technologies
Presented By:
Kenneth Soday

What We’ll Be Talking About Today

Purpose of On-Premise Signs
Sign Types
Sign Construction
Technologies

Presenter Proﬁle
• 26 years of hands-on experience with sales, design,
management, consulting, fabrication, installation and
permitting
• State Certiﬁed Electrical Sign Contractor
• Past President of Florida Sign Association
• President of Southern States Sign Association
Kenneth Soday President
• Member International Sign Association Government
Relations Committee
• Many years of experience assisting city and county
planners in evaluating and rewriting local sign codes


• Attract new customers
• Brand the business
• Create impulse sales


• Attract new customers
• Create impulse sales
• Identify the business


• Attract New Customers


• Create Impulse Sales


• Identify the Business


• Directional


• Informational


• Helpful?

Sign Types
• Ground Signs • Wayﬁnding
- Pylon - Directional
- Monument - Informational
- Pole • Temporary Signs
• Building Signs - Banners
- Wall/Fascia - Posters
- Projecting/Marquee - Special Events
- Roof - Political Signs
- Awnings • Off Premise Signs
- Window graphics - Billboards
- Bus Shelters
- Benches

Locations Often Have
Several Sign Forms

High-Rise Freestanding Monument Marquee Projecting Awnings Wall Signs
Pylon

Sign Types

• Ground Signs
- Pylon Signs
- Monument Signs
- Pole Signs

Sign Types
• Building Signs
- Wall/Fascia Signs
- Projecting/Marquee Signs
- Awnings
- Roof Signs
- Window Graphics

Marquee and Projecting Sign Examples

Sign Types

• Wayﬁnding
- Directional
- Informational

Directional/Informational Sign Examples

Sign Types
• Temporary
- Banners
- Posters
- Special Events
- Political

Sign Types

• Off Premise
- Billboards
- Bus Shelters
- Benches

Sign Construction
& Technology
• Design • Installation
- Needs of the Business - Engineering
- Allowable by code - Permitting
- Final Design
- Support Structure
• Fabrication
- Structural Materials
- Sample Installations
- Face Materials • Maintenance
- Lighting
- Applicable Codes

Sign Construction & Technology
Design

• Need For Business
- Attract new customers
- Brand the business
- Create impulse sales
- Identify the business

Design

• Allowable by code
- Deﬁnitions
- Available Footage
Calculations

Sign Definitions
• Important for sign codes
• Poorly written definitions can result in confusion
and legal action
• Flexible enough to capture emerging or rapidly
developing forms of signage
• Definitions from Model Sign Codes (on thumb drives)

Available Square Footage Calculations
• Based on Primary Road Frontage
• Based on Primary Building Frontage
• Based on a percentage of Building Area

Design

• Visibility
• Readability
• Perceptual Detection
(conspicuity)

Design

Fabrication
• Structural materials

Fabrication
• Face Materials
- Routed aluminum - Flex Face
- Molded Plastic - Exposed Neon
- Flat Plastic - Flat Cut Out Plastic -
Aluminum- wood- foam

Face Material
Flat Cut Out Plastics

• Aluminum
• Wood
• High Density
Foam

Fabrication
• Lighting
- Internal
- External
- Fluorescent
- Neon
- Metal Halide
- LED

Lighting

• Internal Illumination
- light source emitting
from the sign

Lighting

• External Illumination
- light source outside
the sign

Lighting

• Fluorescent

Lighting
• Fluorescent

Lighting
• Neon/Cold cathode

- Proven to be sturdy and
weather resistant

- Comparatively long
operational lifetimes

- Traditional - popular use
for outdoor signs

- Sign industry works to
properly dispose and
recycle neon lamps

Lighting

• Face channel letters w/ neon
illumination

Lighting

Exposed Neon Exposed Neon w/
incandescent lamps

Lighting
• Metal Halide

Lighting
• LED

- Energy turns into Light

- Uses lower energy
consumption, longer
lifetime, smaller size

- Increasingly popular
type of lighting for
outdoor signs

- illuminate solely by the
movement of electrons
over a semiconductor
material

Lighting

• Reverse channel letters
with LED illumination

Lighting

• Electronic Message Center

Fabrication
Applicable Codes

• Signs are regulated by:

- National Electric Code

- UL 48 (Standard for Safety of Electric Signs)

- Other federal/state energy efﬁciency regulations

• Occasionally, local sign codes attempt to impose an aesthetic
control through the use of technical speciﬁcations

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 48
• Global independent safety science company
• Covers the sign industry and our products
- Safety
- Quality
• Note: Federal law requires acceptance of any “Nationally Recognized Testing
Laboratory;” UL is the best known, but there are others such as MET Lab and ETL

Installation
• Engineering
• Permitting
• Support Structures
• Sample installations

Installation
• Engineering

Permitting
- Permanent signs are installed with permits, subject to
oversight and enforcement from city
- Some other types of signs (highway, billboards) may be
regulated by the state
- Others (political, vehicle) may not be regulated or require
any permits
- Most Problem signs are not installed by Licensed
Contractors

Installation

• Support
Structure

Installation

• Same Structure,
Different Displays

Installation
• Channel letter
with raceway

Installation
• Channel letter
ﬂush mount

Installation
• Inspections
- Necessary to see that the Installer meets the
requirements of the Authority Having Jurisdiction
• Required inspections
- Footer
- Final electrical
- Final building

Maintenance
• Over time, signs require reinvestment:
- Regular Service (replace bulbs, clean faces,
repainting, etc.)
- Replacement (“rebrand” a national chain)
- Upgraded components
• Occasionally, local regulations interfere
with maintenance options

Maintenance
• Draft Spokane Code (proposed 2009):
- Nonconforming Signs
- “Sign maintenance, sign repair, and changing of permanent sign faces is
allowed so long as structural alterations are not made and the sign is not
increased in size.”

- Definition of “structural alteration”
- “Modification of a sign, sign structure or awning that affects size, shape, height,
or sign location; changes in structural materials; or replacement of electrical
components with other than comparable materials. The replacement of wood
parts with metal parts, the replacement of incandescent bulbs with light emitting
diodes (LED), or the addition of electronic elements to an non-electrified sign
would all be structural alterations. Structural alteration does not include ordinary
maintenance or repair, repainting an existing sign surface, including changes of
message or image, exchanging painted and pasted or glued materials on
painted wall signs, or exchanging display panels of a sign through release and
closing of clips or other brackets.”

Maintenance
• Alteration of Nonconforming Signs
- Intent of Code?
- Prevent upgrade of visual elements of sign (wood/metal)
- Prevent lighting a sign without obtaining permit
- Prevent replacement of changeable copy panel with EMC without obtaining permit
- Actual impact of Code?
- Certain lamps no longer used (T12 phase-out)
- Magnetic ballasts converted to electronic ballasts
- Clients may choose to replace neon with LEDs
- Upgrades

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