1. Desiree Hopkins History 140 Spanish Empire

2. Diego Vasicuio (Native Priest, Male, Salamanca,1580-1670’s) Diego was a quiet and cautious man and because he avoided the Spanish Imperial System as much as he could. The Spanish were trying to convert the Indians into Catholics, however Diego and some others defied them and continued to pray to an idol called Sorimana, trying to keep the tradition alive and passing down to their children. So Diego was reported to the Spanish and the Spanish discovered a flourishing and determined group of worshipers. They were outraged. They were offended. The Sorimana was confiscated and publicly punishes. Diego and the others swore that they were now surrendering themselves to the true god. Diego survived and escaped, living with the European domination. The Soriman they had forfeited had been fake. Once they were safe, Diego and the others continued their ritual.

3. Juan de Morga and Gertrudis de Escobor (Male/Female, Central Mexico, Rebellious Slaves, 17th Century) Both Juan and Gertrudis were young mulatto slaves. Their story was half lost, reveled by a series of documents that show two brave people struggling to survive a harsh slave life. Slaves like then were important to the armed struggle to destroy the restrictive colonial social order. They were both rebellious slave fighting for freedom against the many unjust things that had happened to them. Gertrudis fought for her freedom, but nobody knows what happened to her. Juan was unidentified if he was able to be a free slave.

4. Isabel Moctezuma ( Female, Mexico, Princess/Pioneer, 1509-1550 Moctezuma was one of the most famous women of her time and was 1 of 150 children of the Aztec empire, Moctezuma II, Few of his children were actually legitimate heirs . At a very young age (11), Moctezuma was married to her Uncle. But he died of smallpox within the next 2 months. She remarried to her cousin, the last Aztec empire. He too was killed. In the end, she married 5 times. In 1526, when another of her husband was killed, Moctezuma become a symbol of great legal and sociological importance to the Hispanization and Christianization of Mexico. When she died in 1550, she divided up her property to her children 7 of them and freed her slaves.

5. Beatriz de Padilla (Female, Lagos,Misress/ Mother, 1620-1650) Beatriz de Padilla was accused of doing secret and horrible things to her two lovers with magic and poison. She never married, but had four children. She was also accused of hurting and torturing the slaves in the house, but later one of the slaves admitted that she’d invented the rumor though, and was punished. The trial ended and Beatriz was released to go back home. The New Spain women performed a big role in the historical development of Mexican society.

6. Miguel Hernandez( Male, Mexico, Mater of mule trains, 1550-1604) Miguel Hernadez was a free mulatto, who lived a long life. He had a wife and children. He wasn’t a rebel or adventurer, but a diligent and persistent man. Although he loved Mexico, he moved to Queretaro because he thought there was a better change of success there. Since he was a skilled and literate man, he quickly became a leading mulatto citizen. Once moved in, he started his own freighting business. He also sold mules and made money by petty trade. Although he wasn’t at the top, he earned money to get valuable property in town and buy slaves. Everyone remembered him as a respected man.

7. Enrico Martinez (Male, Veracruz, Printer/ engineers, 1557-1632) Martinez was a very learned man. When he was in his 30’s, he moved to Mexico city. It was his job, being a chief engineer of the drainage, to prevent flooding. In 1629, he was sent to jail on the ludicrous charge of sabotaging his own work. That same year, heavy rain caused the whole city to flood known as the worst flood in colony’s history. It stayed under water until 1634. Enrico continued to struggle along, but he was never very successful. Along with his mistakes, the social structure of the colony caused this.

8. Micaela Angela Carrillo (Female, Mexico/ New Spain, Impoverished Mexican Citizen, Window/ Pulque Dealer, 1680-1758) As an impoverishes Mestiza widow and mother who made a living selling Pulque, a milky alcoholic beverage, and building her profits by reselling it to wholesalers. A wealthy independent female in a patriarchal society.

9. History of Spain The history of Spain spans from prehistoric Iberia, through the rise and decline of a global empire, to the recent history of Spain as a member of the European Union. Modern humans entered the Iberian Peninsula about 32,000 years ago. Different populations and cultures followed over the millennia, including the Iberians , the Tartessians, Celts and Celtiberians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Suebi and Visigoths. In 711, the Moors, a Berber and Arab army, invaded and conquered nearly the entire peninsula. During the next 750 years, independent Muslim states were established, and the entire area of Muslim control became known as Al-Andalus. Meanwhile the Christian kingdoms in the north began the long and slow recovery of the peninsula, a process called the Reconquistawhich was concluded in 1492 with the fall of Granada. The Kingdom of Spain was created in 1492 with the unification of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon. In this year it was also the first voyage of Christopher Columbus to the New World, beginning the development of the Spanish Empire. The Inquisition was established and Jews and Muslims who refused to convert were expelled from the country. For the next three centuries Spain was the most important colonial power in the world. It was the most powerful state in Europe and the foremost global power during the 16th century and the greater part of the 17th century. Spanish literatureand fine arts, scholarship and philosophy flourished during this time. Spain established a vast empire in the Americas, stretching from California to Patagonia, and colonies in the western Pacific.

10. Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire consisted of the territories and colonies administered directly by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia or Oceania. At the peak of its power, it was one of the largest empires in world history. It originated during the Age of Exploration and was therefore one of the first global empires. By the early 20th century Spain only held territories in Africa, namely Spanish Guinea, Spanish Sahara and Spanish Morocco. Spain withdrew from Morocco in 1956 and granted independence to Equatorial Guinea in 1968. When Spain abandoned Spanish Sahara in 1976, the colony was annexed by Morocco and Mauritania at first, and wholly by Morocco in 1980, though according to the United Nations it is still technically under Spanish administration. Today, the Canary Islands and two enclaves on the North African coast, Ceuta, and Melilla, are administrative divisions of Spain.

11. Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The invasion began in February 1519 and was acclaimed victorious on August 13, 1521, by a coalition army of Spanish conquistadors and Tlaxcalan warriors led by Hernán Cortés and Xicotencatl the Younger against the Aztec Empire.

12. Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. This historic process of military conquest was made by Spanish conquistadores and their native allies. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 169 Spanish soldiers under Francisco Pizarro and their native allies ambushed the Sapa Inca Atahualpa (emperor of the Inca Empire) and captured him in the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting to subdue the mightiest empire in the Americas. In subsequent years Spain extended its rule over the Empire.

13. Spanish East Indies Spanish East Indies was a term used to describe Spanish territories in Asia-Pacific which lasted for three centuries (1565 to 1898). It encompassed the Philippine Islands, and its dependencies including the Mariana Islands and the Caroline Islands, and for a period of time, parts of Formosa (Taiwan), Sabah, and parts of the Moluccas. From 1565 to 1821 these territories were part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City, and after Mexican independence they were ruled directly from Madrid. Following the Spanish-American War in 1898, most of the islands were occupied by the United States while the remaining territories were sold to Germany during the German-Spanish Treaty of 1899. The King of Spain traditionally styled himself "King of the East and West Indies" (Rey de lasIndiasorientales y occidentales).