1. Thermae of Caracalla The Bathhouse of Caracalla Beckah Maxwell- LeRoy A3 3/15/10 Thermae of Caracalla Beckah Maxwell –LeRoy A3 3/15/10

2. Origins of the Baths When?: Around 212-216 C.E.; went out of use in the 6th Century (It still stands today) Where?: Rome, Italy Who?: Historians don’t know the architect’s name because it’s so old What?: A bathhouse constructed of bricks bearing masonry Why?: Built for emperor Caracalla, possibly used as a tourist attraction

3. About Caracalla He was the older of the sons of Septimius Severus, Emperor of Rome. He killed his brother, Geta, in order to gain power He struggled through rebellion in his kingdom, until he was murdered in 217 B.C.E. The baths were built either by his supervision, or in honor of him, historians are not sure The baths are thought to have been built to please the people of the empire as a “bread and circuses” attempt

4. The Rooms Frigidarium – The cold room Tepidarium – The luke-warm room Caldarium – The hot room Palaestras – Gyms; the baths had two of these where boxing and wrestling would take place Library – Believe it or not, the baths actually had a library within it; Thermae Caracalla was the second recorded bathhouse to have an accessible library

5. What it looked like 412x393 meters in dimension all around Internal Chamber was 323x323 meters

6. The Masonry The baths were made of brick bounded together with concrete mortar. The style of the building is Ancient Roman. Arches were frequently used throughout construction.

7. Its Construction 341,000 Cu. M of Pozzolana (a slag from volcanic refuse), 35,000 Cu. M of Quick Lime, 341,000 Cu. M of Tufa (rock from the bottom of a lake/pond), 150,000 Cu. M of Basalt for foundations, 17.5 millionbricks for facing, 520,000 large bricks, 252 marble columns, 6,300 Cu. Mof marble for ornamentation Nearly 1000 men estimated to be on site, building at one time

8. Hypocaust The Hypocaust was a heating system used in Caracalla. Gases and heat from a coal furnace on the ground floor fire room would heat water and circulate it into the higher levels of the baths, warming them to accessible temperatures. The farther away from the fire room a tub was, the colder it was. This system wasn’t used only in Caracalla, but in private villas and houses as well.

9. Aqua Marcia Aqua Marcia The longest Aqueduct in the city of Rome Had many branches (Marcia Iovia, Marcia Tepula Iulia, etc.) Supplied the Bathhouse with water •The longest Aqueduct in the city of Rome •Had many branches (Marcia Iovia, Marcia Tepula Iulia, etc.) •Supplied the Bathhouse with water

10. The Baths Today The baths remained in use until the 6th Century when a band of Ostrogoths sacked Rome and demolished the plumbing installations. The chassis of the baths has since become a popular tourist attraction. The Baths Today The baths remained in use until the 6th Century when a band of Ostrogothssacked Rome and demolished the plumbing installations. The chassis of the baths has since become a popular tourist attraction.