8. Significant developments President Hindenburg Names Hitler Chancellor in January 30, 1933. February 27 Reichstag Fire—Legislature Building Burns Down March 5 New Elections: Nazis 288; Nationalists 52; Center 74; Socialists 120; Communists 81; Others 23—Nazis win only 44% of vote March 23, 1933—Reichstag passes (with huge majority) the Enabling Act which made Hitler dictator until April 1, 1937
16. Racism in Nazi Germany Belief German “Aryan” Race Master Race Jews inferior Slavs inferior Gypsies inferior A corruption of Darwin’s ideas 1935 Nuremberg Laws Identify Jews (with Yellow Star) Deprive Jews of Citizenship Allows only so many Jews in specific jobs Outlaw marriage and sex between Jews and non-Jews
17. Kristallnacht,9th November 1938 Night of Broken Glass or Kristallnacht In response to assassination of German diplomat in Paris: Nazis set synagogues on fire Broke Jewish shop windows Beat up Jews—91 killed; thousands injured Confiscated Jewish property Jews forbidden to collect insurance 20,000+ Jews sent to concentration camp
18.
19. 1931: Fall of the monarchy and establishment of (Second) Republic Separation of church and state Meanwhile in Spain... Salvador Dali, Soft Construction with Boiled Beans(Premonition of Civil War), 1936
20. 1936 On 18 July, Spanish Civil War begins in Morocco (ends 1939) as General Francisco Franco leads a rebellion against the left-wing Popular Front government.
21. Spain as ‘Dry Run’ Both sides in the conflict were supported by outside parties; most significantly the Nationalists had Fascist (Italian) and Nazi support, the Loyalists had support from Russia and the International Brigades. Hitler infamously used the conflict as an exercise for his Condor Legion.
36. Death Tolls, civilian and military combined Russia c. 20 million China c. 10 Million Germany c. 6.8 million Poland c. 6.1 million Japan c. 2 million Yugoslavia c. 1.7 million France c. 8oo,ooo Greece c. 500,000 United States c. 500,000 Italy c. 400,000 Britain c. 380,000 Holocaust c. 6 million